1、北京成人本科学士学位阅读理解题及答案解析(总分：500.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPassage 1/B(总题数：50，分数：500.00)Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe (订阅) to as many as two or three newspapers. But why do people read newspapers?Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings-batt
2、les lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed-took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news was passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they hap
3、pen.Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories and, of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their p
4、roducts. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possi
5、ble for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.(1) UNewspapers often have information on gardening, cooking and fashion as well as a small but very popular section on jokes and cartoons (漫画)./U（分数：10.00）(1).The habit of reading newspapers is_.（分数：2.00）A.uncommon in the
6、worldB.not popular in USAC.widespread in the worldD.found among a few families(2).A few hundred years ago news did not_.（分数：2.00）A.receive attentionB.travel fastC.spread to other countriesD.take long to reach other countries(3).In the past, news was_.（分数：2.00）A.sent by telegraphB.passed from one per
7、son to anotherC.sent by letterD.sent by telephone(4).The money spent on advertisements is_.（分数：2.00）A.wastedB.not muchC.worthwhileD.useless(5).The section on jokes and cartoons is_.（分数：2.00）A.read only by childrenB.of no valueC.not helpfulD.read by many peopleBPassage 2/BPepys and his wife had asked
8、 some friends to dinner on Sunday, September 2nd, 1666. (2) UThey were up very late on the Saturday evening, getting everything ready for the next day, and while they were busy they saw the glow of a fire start in the sky./U By 3 oclock on the Sunday morning, its glow had become so bright that Jane
9、woke her husband to watch it. Pepys slipped on his dressing-gown and went to the window to watch it. It seemed fairly far away, so after a time he went back to bed. When he got up in the morning, it looked, as though the fire was dying down, though he could still see some flames. So he set to work t
10、o tidy his room and put his things back where he wanted them.While he was doing this, Jane came in to say that she had heard the fire was a bad one; hundred houses had been burned down in the night and the fire was still burning. Pepys went out to see for himself. He went to the Tower of London and
11、climbed up on a high part of the buildings so that he could see what was happening. From there, Pepys could see that it was, indeed, a bad fire and that even the houses on London Bridge were burning. The man of the Tower told him that the fire had started in a bakers shop in Pudding Lane; the bakers
12、 house had caught fire from the over-heated oven and then the flames had quickly spread to the other houses in the narrow lane. So began the Great Fire of London, a fire that lasted nearly five days, destroyed most of the old city and ended, so it is said, at Pie Corner.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the pas
13、sage about?（分数：2.00）A.The Great Fire of London.B.Who was the first to discover the fire?C.What Pepys was doing during the fire.D.The losses caused by the fire.(2).They were up very late because（分数：2.00）A.it was Sunday morningB.they were not very sleepyC.they were preparing for the dinnerD.they saw t
14、he great fire start(3).What was Pepys doing when his wife told him about the fire?（分数：2.00）A.He was asleep.B.He was writing something.C.He was putting things back.D.He was looking out of the window.(4).In the sentence “Pepys slipped on his dressing gown“, “to slip on“ can be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.
15、to be wearingB.to be pushingC.to take offD.to put on(5).Why did the flames spread quickly?（分数：2.00）A.The oven became very hot.B.The houses were close together.C.The baker did nothing to stop it.D.The bakers house was burning quickly.BPassage 3/BA scientist who wants to predict the way in which consu
16、mers (消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.(3) UIf an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-people with rising incomes, stable incomes,
17、or decreasing incomes, his probable answer would be those with decreasing incomes./U Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设
18、) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expecta
19、tions of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,“ she said, “well have to pay more for meat and milk; well have less to spend on other things. “Her family had been planning to
20、 buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment. “I just dont pay these prices; they are too high.“The investigations mentioned above we
21、re carried out in America. The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct unders
22、tanding of consumer psychology (心理学).（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way consumers will spend their money, he should_.（分数：2.00）A.rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spendingB.try to encourage or discourage consumers from spending moneyC.carry out inv
23、estigations on consumer behavior and get data on consumers in-comes and money spending motivesD.do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory(2).According to paragraph 2, one traditional assumption is that people with incomes borrow most.（分数：2.00）A.averageB.stableC.decreasingD.rising(3).Accor
24、ding to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that_.（分数：2.00）A.price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy thingsB.rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain thingsC.women are more sensitive to the rising prices than menD.the expectations of price increases ofte
25、n make buyers feel angry(4).From the results of the surveys, the author of this article_.（分数：2.00）A.concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in AmericaB.concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stableC.concludes that maintaining stable
26、 prices is a correct business policyD.does not draw any conclusion(5).Which of the following statements is always TRUE according to the surveys mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.B.Consumers will spend their money quickly if the
27、y expect prices to increase.C.The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.D.Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.BPassage 4/BCheating: The income tax deadline (最后期限) approaches and some taxpayers thoughts turn to it. Test time approaches and some students tho
28、ughts turn to it.“You want something you cant get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough youll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret, and youre willing to run the risk of being caught.“ Thats how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York
29、, defines cheating.Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. “Were suffering a moral breakdown.“ Pinkard says, “were seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with. Whether to cheat depends on whether its the persons interest“. He does, however, se
30、e less cheating among the youngest students.(4) URichard Dienabier, psychology (心理学) professor at the University of Nebraska in London, believes that social attitudes account for much of the increase in cheating./U“Twenty years ago, if a person cheated at college, the society said: That is extremely
31、 serious, you will be dropped for a term if not kicked out permanently,“ he says, “nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the college of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam, the student must receive an “F on what he cheated on. Thats nothin
32、g. If youre going to Uflunk/U anyway, why not cheat?“Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low,“ says social psychologist, Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage centers on_.（分数：2.00）A.convin
33、cing the reader that cheating is immoralB.discussing the reasons for cheatingC.describing how students cheat on examD.discussing how to control cheating(2).Cheating tends to occur when_.（分数：2.00）A.one wants something badlyB.one cant get something in a right wayC.it is not very likely to be revealedD
34、.a series of things has to be dealt with(3).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved.B.There has been a quick increase in cheating.C.Most cheaters are college students.D.Cheaters do not feel guilty and regretful.(4).What ca
35、n be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cheating is widespread because society is too tolerant.B.Cheating is the result of intense pressure.C.Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on any other occasions.D.Cheating comes together with civilization.(5).The word “flunk“ in paragraph 5 could best
36、 be replaced by（分数：2.00）A.fearB.failC.be pleasedD.succeedBPassage 5/BThe young people who talk of the village as being “dead“ are talking nothing but nonsense, as in their hearts they must surely know.No, the village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was. But it seems that “V
37、illage life“ is dead. Gone for ever. (5) UIt began to decline (衰落) about a hundred years ago, when many girls left home to go into service in town many miles away, and men also left home in increasing number in search of work, and home was where work was./U There are still a number of people alive t
38、oday who can remember what “village life“ meant in the early years of the present century. It meant knowing and being known by everybody else in the village. It meant finding your entertainment in the village of within walking distance of it. It meant housewives tied to the home all day and every da
39、y. It meant going to bed early to save lamp-oil and coal.Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the
40、 motorcar were steadily operating to make “village life“ and “town life“ almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer about “village life. “It is just life, and that a better life.Finally, i
41、f we have any doubts about the future, or about the many changes, which we have seen in our lives, we have only to look in at the school playground any morning; or see the children as they walk homeward in little groups. Obviously these children are better fed, better clothed, better educated, healt
42、hier, prettier and happier than any generation of children that ever before walked the village street.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying that village is not dead, but “village life“ is dead, the author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.those young people who talk of the village as being “dead“ are wrongB.the two state
43、ments are against each otherC.“village life“ today is rather uninterestingD.“village life“ today is no longer like what it used to be(2).It was_that “village life“ began to take a sharp turn.（分数：2.00）A.about a century agoB.during the two world warsC.with electricity and motorcars introduced into the
44、 villageD.only recently(3).As is suggested in paragraph g, villagers in the past_.（分数：2.00）A.lived a simpler life than villagers todayB.knew fewer people than villagers todayC.found it difficult to enjoy themselvesD.liked to wash themselves with cold water(4).The expression “there is no point whatev
45、er in talking about .“ in Paragraph 3 means that_.（分数：2.00）A.there is no end to the talking aboutB.it is harmful to talk aboutC.it is not meaningless to talk aboutD.there is no reason for talking about(5).From the passage we can see that the authors attitude toward “village life“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.posi
46、tiveB.negativeC.neutralD.unclearBPassage 6/BOn November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited
47、 to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone
48、 in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spo
49、ke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked, “I have failed again.“ On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, “That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed.“Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little people read the speech. They began to understand better. They began to appreciate its si
