1、北京成人本科学士学位分类模拟题 17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Scientists in India have invented a new way to produce electricity. Their invention does not get its power from oil, coal or other fuels. It produces electricity with the power of animals. Ind
2、ia has about eighty million bullocks (小牛). They do all kinds of jobs. They work in the fields. They pull vehicles through the streets. They carry water containers. Indian energy officials have been seeking ways to use less imported oil to provide energy. Scientists at the National Institute for Indu
3、strial Engineering in Bombay (孟买) wondered whether the millions of bullocks could help. Many villages in India lack electricity, but they have many bullocks. And often the animals are not working. One job done by bullocks is to pump water out of the well. The animals do this by walking around and ar
4、ound in a circle. As they walk, they turn a heavy stick that makes the pump move. This simple technology is centuries old. Scientists thought that the same technology could be used to produce electricity. Bullocks walk in a circle only two or three times a minute. This is much too slow to produce el
5、ectricity, but it can create enough power to turn a series of gears (齿轮). A large gear sits next to a smaller gear. As the large gear turns, it causes the smaller gear to turn. That gear turns an even smaller one. Each gear moves faster because it is a little smaller. The smallest gear may turn extr
6、emely fast. Clocks operate with gears. So do cars and so does the device invented by the Indian scientists to produce electricity. According to the officials in the United Nations, the idea is being tested at several places in India. The device is easy to operate and repair. And it can be moved easi
7、ly. It costs about three hundred and seven dollars now to make such a device, but production of large numbers of them could cut the cost of each to about two hundred dollars.（分数：20.00）(1).Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy?（分数：4.00）A.Indian energy officials.B.Scientists in India.C
8、.Officials in the United Nations.D.Researchers in Europe.(2).Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Pulling vehicles.B.Plowing fields.C.Pumping water out of wells.D.Carrying food baskets.(3).Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?（分数：4.00）A.Becaus
9、e bullocks have long been used by Indian people.B.Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control.C.Because there are few non-working bullocks in India.D.Because there is not enough oil in India.(4).In the sentence “This simple technology is centuries old“ in paragraph 1, “This simple technolog
10、y“ refers to “_“.（分数：4.00）A.using bullocks to produce energyB.using pumps to draw water outC.having bullocks walk around to make the pump moveD.connection gears of different sizes to produce electricity(5).Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage?（分数：4.00）A.It has a l
11、arge gear and a smaller gear.B.It“s easy to use, but difficult to move.C.It“s quite cheap.D.It“s still being tested.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)On-the-job smoking is a hot issue for both smokers and non-smokers, and many managers now see smoking as a productivity (生产力) problem. Although some people q
12、uestion whether smoking really affects one“s productivity, it has, in fact, been proven that a smoker costs a company more than a non-smoker. According to Professor William Weis, a smoking employee costs his or her employer about 5,700 more a year than a never-smoker. These costs include medical car
13、e, lost earnings and insurance. And absence due to smoking breaks is one of the productivity problems, yet it accounts for a great deal of employer costs. When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is the health risk that smoking causes to both smoker
14、s and never-smokers. It has long been proven that smoking is linked to lung cancer. Now many health experts warn that passive smoking can cause lung cancer and other illnesses in healthy never-smokers. Passive smoking can be defined as exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in enclosed areas. Anyone
15、who has been with smokers indeed knows that their smoke can cause eye irritation (刺激), coughing, headaches and throat soreness. While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers, it nevertheless is a problem that occurs every workday in offices and break-rooms and can lead to greater healt
16、h problems. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected (遭受) to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment. Surgeon General Koop states that the right of the smoker stops at the point where his or her smoking increases the disease risk of those occupying th
17、e same environment.（分数：20.00）(1).All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that _.（分数：4.00）A.an employer smokes while working in the officeB.a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC.a worker smokes while working in the workshopD.a worker smokes while reading in the train(2).According
18、to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an employee“s performance in the office in that _.（分数：4.00）A.he can“t concentrate on what he is doing while smokingB.he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-roomC.he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smokingD.he takes a rest f
19、rom time to time because of eye irritation(3).Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because it _.（分数：4.00）A.reduces productivity of the company to a certain degreeB.does harm to the health of never-smokers of the companyC.affects the relationship between smokers and n
20、on-smokersD.makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted(4).Passive smoking means _.（分数：4.00）A.never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB.never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC.never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD.never-smokers share an enclose
21、d area with smokers(5).In the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning (禁止) on-the-job smoking so as to _.（分数：4.00）A.cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB.create a healthy and safe working environmentC.prevent eye irritation from becoming a big health problemD.improve the smok
22、ing employees“ work efficiency四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares (恶梦).
23、 Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase (抹去), the effect of painful memories. In November, experts tested
24、 a drug on people in the U.S. and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some
25、 think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers“ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people“s lives. They come back to you when you don“t wa
26、nt to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,“ said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.“ But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous to change memories bec
27、ause memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I“m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,“ said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.（分数：20.00）(
28、1).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：4.00）A.a new medical inventionB.a new research on memoriesC.a way of erasing painful memoriesD.an argument about the research on the pill(2).The drug tested on people can _.（分数：4.00）A.cause the brain to fix memoriesB.stop people remembering their experiencesC.pre
29、vent body producing certain chemicalsD.wipe out the emotional effects of memories(3).We can infer from the passage that _.（分数：4.00）A.people doubt the effects of the pillsB.the pill will stop people“s bad experiencesC.taking the pill will do harm to people“s healthD.the pill has probably been produce
30、d in America(4).Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?（分数：4.00）A.Some memories can ruin people“s lives.B.People want to get fid of bad memories.C.Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D.Experiencing bad events makes us different from bad memories.(5).The word “scars
31、“ in Paragraph One is close in meaning to “_“.（分数：4.00）A.good storiesB.painsC.experiencesD.memories五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their
32、 pressed (紧抱的) flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages, I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I, we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I re
33、call clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthu
34、siasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil, reading abut other people“s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer t
35、o the riddle (谜), because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outs
36、tanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _.（分数：4.00）A.full of enthusiasmB.s
37、elf-disciplinedC.full of ambitionD.knowledgeable(2).The first paragraph tells us that the author _.（分数：4.00）A.lost his hearing when he was a childB.didn“t like his brothers and sistersC.was born to a naturalist“s familyD.was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood(3).The author says that
38、he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _.（分数：4.00）A.just reads about other people“s observations and discoveriesB.comes up with solutions in most natural waysC.has great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticD.lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist(4).
39、The author can“t remember his relatives clearly because _.（分数：4.00）A.he was fully occupied with observing natureB.he didn“t live very long with themC.the family was extremely largeD.he was too young when he lived with them(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：4.00）A.The author believes t
40、hat a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.B.The author“s brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.C.The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.D.The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you have a chance to go to
41、Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish“ the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two U.S. dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at a place, say that you have some
42、 business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to
43、 have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much
44、on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages“. But the stran
45、ge thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining room. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good
46、 faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman“. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?（分数：10.00）(1).While taking a taxi in Finland, _.（分数：2.00）A.a passenger can go anywhere without hav
47、ing to pay the driverB.a passenger pays two U.S. dollars for a taxi rideC.a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to goD.a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration before they leave without paying(2).We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland _.（
48、分数：2.00）A.provide meals for only those who live in the hotelsB.provide meals for any dinersC.provide free wine and charge for foodD.are mostly poorly managed(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The workers in Finland are paid by the hour.B.The bosses in Finland
49、are too busy to check the working hours of their employees.C.The workers are always honest with their working hours.D.The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay.(4).The word “those“ in the last paragraph probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.people who often take taxisB.people who often have meals in big hotelsC.people who are dishonestD.people who are worthy of trust(5).It can be concluded that _.（分数：2.00）A.Finnish people are not smart enough in daily lifeB.Finland has been
