1、北京成人本科学士学位分类模拟题 15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things.“ So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper
2、evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don“t break down or disappear very quickly-things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is ve
3、ry unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history-normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss
4、, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup-walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out- a human foot! Na
5、turally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly-but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and intern
6、al organs-the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man“s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the
7、bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man“s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called, “Lindow Man“. His hands and fingernails suggested th
8、at he hadn“t done heavy manual work in his life-he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn“t died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.（分数：20.00）(1).Which language does the word “archaeology“ come from?（分数：4.00）A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.
9、German.(2).The word “these“ in the first paragraph refers to _.（分数：4.00）A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects(3).Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man“?（分数：4.00）A.Ice and Low temperature.B.Bacteria and oxygen.C.Soil and energy.D.Acid and water.(4).According to the passage, which
10、 of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：4.00）A.“Lindow Man“ was named after the person who first found him.B.Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C.“Lindow Man“ was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.D.“Lindow Man“ was good at manual work.(5
11、).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：4.00）A.What Is Archaeology?B.Archaeology and HistoryC.An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD.The Death of “Lindow Man“三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens
12、gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isn“t easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and
13、 the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While it“s long been recognized th
14、at city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recov
15、er more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life. This researc
16、h arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we“re crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers. In recent years, it“s become clear that suc
17、h unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. This research is also leading some scientists to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. The good news is that even
18、slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following is the main
19、 idea of this passage?（分数：4.00）A.The city inspires talented people.B.The city hurts the brain.C.The city has many pleasures and benefits.D.The city seriously affects the natural balance.(2).The word “metropolis“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_“.（分数：4.00）A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.st
20、ress(3).People have just come to realize that _.（分数：4.00）A.human attention is a scarce resourceB.city life can make people very tiredC.the city is an engine of intellectual lifeD.an urban environment is damaging to the brain(4).What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospi
21、tal patients recover more quickly?（分数：4.00）A.Nature.B.Better treatment.C.Experienced doctors.D.Good medicine.(5).According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：4.00）A.Different aspects (方面) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self
22、-control.B.Small changes in urban design, cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life.C.For the first time in history, the earth“s population is more urban than rural.D.A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month
23、or longer appears to reduce a woman“s risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Her study makes the link easier to believe. It is published in a journal of me
24、dicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women from California. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 year
25、s old. According to Schwarz“s study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as w
26、omen who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfeed for one to three months, Schwarz found. While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. “Previous studies have sh
27、own the longer the morn breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body. Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year,“ she says. The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who don“t breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat,
28、 as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,“ she says. The finding isn“t surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy (怀孕) that they are at risk for later ge
29、tting type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives morns-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, which of the following stat
30、ements is TRUE?（分数：4.00）A.About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study.B.Eleanor Schwarz“s research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes.C.Over one fifths of the women never got married.D.Eleanor Schwarz“s results seem more reliable.(2).According to Schwa
31、rz“s findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?（分数：4.00）A.Those mothers who had never breastfed.B.Those mothers who never gave birth.C.Those mothers who breastfed for a month.D.Those mothers who breastfed for six months.(3).Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with
32、?（分数：4.00）A.Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape.B.Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mother“s chances of getting all kinds of serious disease.C.Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better.D.Breastfeeding for a month or long
33、er makes babies smarter.(4).What does the author mean by “moms-to-be“ in the last paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time.B.Women who dream of having babies for the first time.C.Women who already have children.D.Women who have just got babies for the first time.(5)
34、.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?（分数：4.00）A.Breastfeeding May Enhance Babies“ Chances of SurvivalB.Breastfeeding May Lower Moms“ Diabetes RiskC.Breastfeeding May Become Very Fashionable in Near FutureD.Breastfeeding May Help Women Lose Weight五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00
35、)The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide, “The most worrying development is a culture of drug-friendliness,“ says the UN“s International Narcotics Control Board in a report released last
36、 year. The 74-page study says the pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some songs encourage people to take drugs. Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a no
37、rmal and acceptable part of a person“s lifestyle,“ the study says. Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents end to be seen as an occasion to mourn (哀悼) the loss of a role model, and
38、not an opportunity to face the deadly effect of drug use,“ it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singer and movie stars-including Elvis Presley, Janice Jophlin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. Wi
39、th the globalization of popular music, messages promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin.“ In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,“ the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description o
40、f certain drug incidents, which encourages rather than prevents drug abuse. “Over the past years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,“ says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legali
41、zing controlled drugs,“ he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant (容忍的) of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently under way. The study focuses on demand reduction and prevention within
42、 an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug (赞成吸毒) messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statements does th
43、e author tend to agree with?（分数：4.00）A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person“s lifestyle.B.The spreading of pop music may cause drug abuse to beyond country boundaries.C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D.Governments have no abi
44、lity at act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.(2).The expression “under fire“ in the first paragraph means _.（分数：4.00）A.in an urgent situationB.facing some problemsC.being criticizedD.in trouble(3).From the third paragraph, we learn that the youth _.（分数：4.00）A.tend to mourn the pop
45、stars who died of overdose as role modesB.are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugsC.try to face the deadly effect of drug useD.may stop abusing drugs(4).Which of the following is not mentioned as tolerant of drug abuse?（分数：4.00）A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.Political campaigns
46、 run by powerful pressure groups.D.The low price of some drugs.(5).According to the passage, pop music _.（分数：4.00）A.has a great influence on young people of most culturesB.attracts a small number of young peopleC.is not a profitable industryD.is alone responsible for drug abuse六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：1
47、0.00)There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.
48、It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase. What are the
49、 implications of these increased numbers of older folk? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability (残疾). Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state. Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded a
