1、TOEFL(托福)6 及答案解析(总分：39.86，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Structure (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Lucy Stone, _ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 186（分数：1.00）A.the oneB.who was theC.anotherD.one of the2.Oxygen and nutrients reach the bodys tissues _ from the bl
2、ood through the capillary wall.（分数：1.00）A.passB.by passingC.to be passingD.have passed3.Throughout history _ different representations for numbers and for the basic process of counting.（分数：1.00）A.have been manyB.them have been manyC.manyD.when many4.The tradition of the bowhead whale hunt back a tho
3、usand years and is a vital part of Inuit culture.（分数：1.00）A.goesB.if it goesC.goneD.that went5.Not until the First World War _ to improve the road system in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.a determined effort was madeB.made a determined effortC.when a determined effort was madeD.was a determined effort
4、 made6.Managers often receive considerable training in tile “technical“ aspects of their jobs _ very little in the “people nanagement“ aspects.（分数：1.00）A.soB.just asC.yetD.and that7.An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles is also termed silt, _ a consolidated aggregate is called siltstone.（分数：
5、1.00）A.whichB.whyC.whereasD.whether8.From colonial times, United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory _ directly from services that the government could provide.（分数：1.00）A.property owners benefited so thatB.why property owners benefitedC.that if property owners benefitedD.th
6、at property owners benefited9.Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states _ the Constitution of the United States.（分数：1.00）A.ratifiedB.ratifyC.to ratifyD.have ratified10.The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _ Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel-iron
7、core.（分数：1.00）A.toB.asC.isD.than11.Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, _ in Paleolithic time was done in order to extend natural caves.（分数：1.00）A.tunnels were builtB.which built tunnelsC.the building of tunnelsD.tunnels whose building12.Green plants combine _ with water and carb
8、on dioxide to make food.（分数：1.00）A.energy derived from lightB.energy, derived it from lightC.energy is derived from lightD.from light, and energy derived13.By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of all object and _ is rough or smooth, or hot or cold.（分数：1.00）A.itB.whether itC.howD.since
9、 it14.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is _ and will drown if submerged too long.（分数：1.00）A.an animal breathes air thatB.an animal that breathes airC.an animal breathes airD.that an animal breathes air15.The United States Congress appropriates some four million dollars_ the upkeep of the White H
10、ouse grounds.（分数：1.00）A.year for aB.for a yearC.a year forD.a for year二、Section B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.(Through) his essays, poems, and lectures, Ralph Waldo Emerson established (himself) as a major thinker of his time (and as) a (figure leading) of American literature.（分数：1.00）A.ThroughB.himselfC.and
11、 asD.figure leading17.Elinor Wylies writings consist of eight (books)four novels and four volumes of (poem)in which she displayed a knowledge of (both) history and (literature)（分数：1.00）A.booksB.poemC.bothD.literature18.During the nineteenth century the molecular theory of matter was developed, (whic
12、h) considered (all matter) to (be composed) of tiny, indivisible (entity) called molecules.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.all matterC.be composedD.entity19.(The element) potassium (makes up) (less) than one half (percentage) of the human body.（分数：1.00）A.The elementB.makes upC.lessD.percentage20.A uniform minglin
13、g of molecules, (which it) occurs in homogeneous chemical compounds, results from the (chemical) constituents melting, dissolving, (or) diffusing into (one another).（分数：1.00）A.which itB.chemicalC.orD.one another21.(Rarely has) a technological development (had) as great an (impact on) society as the
14、rapid (grow) of electronics.（分数：1.00）A.Rarely hasB.hadC.impact onD.grow22.Canada began (cultivation) wheat intensively in 1910, which (led to) a demand for tools, machines, (housing), and (building supplies).（分数：1.00）A.cultivationB.led toC.housingD.building supplies23.The feathers of birds (not only
15、) protect their skin from injury and conserve (body heat), but also (function) in flight, courtship, camouflage, and sensory (perceptive).（分数：1.00）A.not onlyB.body heatC.functionD.perceptive24.Glaciers, (mass) of ice that flow (outward) from ice caps, cover (about) one-tenth of earths (land) area.（分
16、数：1.00）A.massB.outwardC.aboutD.land25.The “method“, (which is) both a style of (acting a )system of training for the actor, stresses (inner) motivation and psychological (truth.)（分数：1.00）A.which isB.acting aC.innerD.truth26.(Established) in 1948,the State University of New York is the (singly) (larg
17、est) University (system) in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.EstablishedB.singlyC.largestD.system27.(In most) cases of epilepsy, cerebral electrical activity, also known as brain waves, (demonstrates) a (characteristically) abnormal (rhythms).（分数：1.00）A.In mostB.demonstratesC.characteristicallyD.rhythms
18、28.(In) June, 1846, (near) Sacramento, California, a (number) of new settlers rebelled in the Bear Flag Revolt and (proclaiming) California an independent republic.（分数：1.00）A.InB.nearC.numberD.proclaiming29.In 1923 Alice Paul (began campaign) to promote (the adoption) of (an amendment) to the United
19、 States Constitution mandating (equal rights) for women.（分数：1.00）A.began campaignB.the adoptionC.an amendmentD.equal rights30.Protective behaviors of (amphibians) include hiding (in) the presence of danger and (having) coloration (such) closely matching the environment that the animal is not obvious
20、.（分数：1.00）A.amphibiansB.inC.havingD.such三、Part I Listening (总题数：3，分数：3.00)A.The importance of anthropology to modern society.B.A good source of information about a society.C.Attitudes toward culture in the 1940s.D.The relationship between anthropology and the military.A.Students might not consider t
21、hem to be an important part of culture.B.They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the 1950s.C.They are discussed in the students textbook.D.They have been worn for hundreds of years.A.To show how politics have changed over the years.B.To point out that T-shirts often provide personal information.C.T
22、o illustrate how the printing on clothing has improved.D.To support that T-shirts are a form of art.A.Places where T-shirts are not acceptable.B.Images that are currently printed on T-shirts.C.Names of people who have made T-shirts popular.D.Ways that T-shirts represent American culture.A.The rate a
23、t which the universe is expanding.B.How gravity affects a planets orbit.C.Newtons three laws of motion.D.Early models of the universe.A.That it cant be measured.B.That it doesnt change.C.That its getting smaller.D.That its rapidly increasing.A.Why stars move so quickly.B.Why few stars have planets.C
24、.Why stars arent moving toward one another.D.Why stars havent moved farther apart.A.Newtons life and times.B.The influence of earlier scientists on Newtons ideas.C.How gravity repels objects very close to each other.D.How the current theory resolved contradictions in earlier ones.A.Theories of how t
25、he universe evolvedB.Similarities between the planets in the solar systemC.Reason for the high density of earthD.Theories of the origin of the MoonA.Earth and the Moon traveled at different SpeedsB.The Moon formed billions of years before EarthC.Earth did not have enough gravitational pullD.Earth an
26、d the Moon were too far from each otherA.The Moon has no waterB.The Moons materials came from Earths coreC.The Moons core differs from its surfaceD.The Moon contains little iron四、Part Vocabulary(总题数：5，分数：5.00)Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and
27、 aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Floridas ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover.(It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter (5) the soil.) Its climate, desp
28、ite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert plant life it can sustain is only the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a differ
29、ence of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat, direct, brutaland subtropical. (10) Floridas surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either; Shrubby l
30、ittle oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes, prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. “It appear Said one early naturalist,“ to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has Passed and is passing.“ By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet (15) our selfish utilitari
31、an needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place? The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in mos
32、t places less than ten miles wide. R is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels (20) were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged , its ecosystems essential
33、ly undisturbed, since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 Of these are found nowhere else on Earth. （分数：1.00）(1). What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：0.1
34、0）A.How geographers define a placeB.The characteristics of Floridas ancient scrubC.An early naturalists opinion of FloridaD.The history of the Lake Wales Ridge(2). The author mentions all of the following as factors that define a place EXCEPT（分数：0.10）A.altitudeB.soilC.life-formsD.aspect(3). It can b
35、e inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica（分数：0.10）A.does not hold moistureB.is found only in FloridaC.nourishes many kinds of ground coverD.provides food for many kinds of lizards(4). The word“sustain“ in line 6 is closets in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.selectB.strainC.supportD.store(5). The
36、 author mentions the prickly pear (line 12) as an example of（分数：0.10）A.valuable fruit-bearing plants of the scrub areaB.unattractive plant life of the scrub areaC.a pant discovered by an early naturalistD.plant life that is extremely are(6). The author suggests that human standards of beauty are（分数：
37、0.10）A.tolerantB.idealisticC.defensibleD.limited(7). The word “insignificant“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.unimportantB.undisturbedC.immatureD.inappropriate(8). According to the passage, why is the Lake Wales Ridge valuable?（分数：0.10）A.It was originally submerged in the ocean.B.It is
38、 less than ten miles wide.C.It is located near the seashore.D.It has ecosystems that have long remained unchanged(9). The word “it“ in line 22 refer to（分数：0.10）A.FloridaB.the peninsulaC.the Lake Wales RidgeD.the Miocene era(10). The passage probably continues with a discussion of（分数：0.10）A.ancient s
39、crub found in other areas of the countryB.geographers who study Floridas scrubC.the climate of the Lake Wales RidgeD.the unique plants found on the Lake Wales RidgeSome animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordi
40、nate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. (5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unans
41、wered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the sky, (10)and the speed of the dance tells how far
42、 the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site
43、, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would (15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could ha
44、ve inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many (20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother ch
45、impanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other (25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wante
46、d, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums. （分数：0.99）(1). What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：0.09）A.The role of instinct in animal beh
47、aviorB.Observations that suggest consciousness in an anima behaviorC.The use of food in studies of animal behaviorD.Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory experiments.(2). Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought t
48、o have?（分数：0.09）A.Selecting among choicesB.Anticipating events to comeC.Remembering past experiencesD.Communicating emotions(3). What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?（分数：0.09）A.To determine the quantity of food at a siteB.To communicate the location of foodC.To increase the speed of travel to f
49、ood sourcesD.T identify the type of nectar that is available(4). The word “yet“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.09）A.howeverB.sinceC.generallyD.so far(5). What did researchers discover in the study of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?（分数：0.09）A.Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists thought.B.The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.C.Th
