1、TOEFL(托福)5 及答案解析(总分：39.86，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Structure (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In the years ahead, health professionals will be able to enhance or restore health far better _at present.（分数：1.00）A.whereasB.they canC.thanD.that are2.Though a respected educator, Alexander Graham Bell _ the inventor of the t
2、elephone.（分数：1.00）A.as is best knownB.best known as isC.is best known asD.best is known as3.Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts _ be the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.to makeC.are madeD.have made4.Medical research at t
3、he cellular level, _research on the immune system, has been made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic research.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.whereasC.such asD.is also5.Living organisms contain more water _substance.（分数：1.00）A.than do any otherB.does than any otherC.other than do
4、they anyD.than they do any other6.The average wavelength of visible light is2,000 times _ the diameter of an atom.（分数：1.00）A.much asB.as greatC.greater thanD.more than that7.From colonial times, United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory _ directly from services that the go
5、vernment could provide.（分数：1.00）A.property owners benefited so thatB.why property owners benefitedC.that if property owners benefitedD.that property owners benefited8.The hourglass, an instrument used _, usually consists of two bulbs united by a narrow neck.（分数：1.00）A.measures timeB.time is measured
6、C.for measuring timeD.the time for measuring9._ crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in a dry atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.The surface of marble isB.The surface of marble, whichC.Although the surfitce of marbleD.The surface of marble10.Pig iron, wrought iron,
7、and steel contain iron carbides made up of _ of carbon.（分数：1.00）A.amounts are differentB.different amounts thatC.different amountsD.which amounts are different11.Among the 450 artworks in the White House art collection_.（分数：1.00）A.as is Mary Cassatts Young Mother and Two ChildrenB.is Mary Cassatts Y
8、oung Mother and Two ChildrenC.which is Mary Cassatts Young Mother and Two ChildrenD.Mary Cassatts Young Mother and Two Children12.The ice of a glacier that reaches the sea breaks off_.（分数：1.00）A.and forming icebergsB.to form icebergsC.icebergs have-formedD.when the formation of icebergs13.Elementary
9、 schools in the United states provide formal education _ arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and speaking.（分数：1.00）A.such subjects as basic inB.as basic subjects in suchC.in such basic subjects asD.as in such basic subjects14.South
10、 American flamingos can survive in temperatures _ above the freeing point.（分数：1.00）A.that fewer degreesB.if few degreesC.only a few degreesD.when fewer degrees15.In 1974 the space probe Mariner 10 discovered _ Mercurys surface is cratered by meteorite impacts.（分数：1.00）A.that the planetB.of the plane
11、tC.the planet thatD.which planet is二、Section B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.Although all sedimentary rocks contain iron, (but the deposits) that (are richest) in iron (consist) predominantly of minerals (such as) iron oxides, carbonates, silicates, and sulfides.（分数：1.00）A.but the depositsB.are richestC.consis
12、tD.such as17.Georgia OKeeffe is known for (hers) use (of) organic, abstract (forms) painted in clear, (strong) colors.（分数：1.00）A.hersB.ofC.formsD.strong18.(Born) in New York City in 1891, Preston Dickinson was (one) of the (pioneers) of modem (artistic) in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.BornB.oneC.pio
13、neersD.artistic19.The Spanish (claiming) title to (all of) North America and established the (oldest city) inthe United States, St. Augustine, Florida, (in) 156（分数：1.00）A.claimingB.all ofC.oldest cityD.in20.(As do) all insects, a butterfly has a hard (outer) covering, (called it) an exoskeleton, (th
14、at both) supports and protects the body.（分数：1.00）A.As doB.outerC.called itD.that both21.Photography disseminates information (about humanity) and nature, records the (visible) world, and (extension) human knowledge into (areas the) eye cannot penetrate.（分数：1.00）A.about humanityB.visibleC.extensionD.
15、areas the22.Also (known) as a movie (or) a film, the motion picture is one of the most popular (form) of art and entertainment (throughout) the world.（分数：1.00）A.knownB.orC.formD.throughout23.A cardinal role for (players) of the lute, (a stringed) instrument, (are) that every note is sustained for (a
16、s long as) possible.（分数：1.00）A.playersB.a stringedC.areD.as long as24.Recently archaeologists have strived (to develop) theories, (based on) archaeological (evident), that (explain) societal changes such as the development of farming.（分数：1.00）A.to developB.based onC.evidentD.explain25.Sea horses (us
17、ually) live along the shore among seaweed and (other) plants to which they (cling) to by (their tails).（分数：1.00）A.usuallyB.otherC.clingD.their tails26.(Although) the term “corrosion“ applies mostly to metals and particularly to (their reaction)to oxygen, all (material) are subject to (surface deteri
18、oration)（分数：1.00）A.AlthoughB.their reactionC.materialD.surface deterioration27.Metaphysical philosophy (is) concerned (with) the principles, structures, and (meaningful) that underlie all observable (reality).（分数：1.00）A.isB.withC.meaningfulD.reality28.Babies (have)soft spots (between) the bones (of)
19、their skulls, which (allowing)for furthergrowth.（分数：1.00）A.haveB.betweenC.ofD.allowing29.A uniform mingling of molecules, (which it) occurs in homogeneous chemical compounds, results from the (chemical) constituents melting, dissolving, (or) diffusing into (one another).（分数：1.00）A.which itB.chemical
20、C.orD.one another30.( When canned using )proper methods, food suffers (no) loss ill vitamins or (another) nutritive elements.（分数：1.00）A.When cannedB.usingC.noD.another三、Part I Listening (总题数：3，分数：3.00)A.How the President proposes new laws.B.How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.C.How the Pre
21、sident can reject a proposed law.D.How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.A.Why the President opposes a bill.B.How lawmakers want to revise a bill.C.Why a deadline has not been met.D.When lawmakers plan to end their session.A.They send the message to the President within ten days.B.The
22、y officially state reasons for rejecting the message.C.They meet with the President.D.They revise the vetoed bill.A.The bill becomes law immediately.B.The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.C.Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days.D.The President must sign the bill if
23、 its passed again.A.Just after a new President is elected.B.Just before Congress takes any short break.C.When Congress has just ended an entire session.D.Anytime during a session of Congress.A.A possible explanation for why green turtles nest in certain locations.B.Physical differences among various
24、 groups of green turtles.C.Several examples of mating behavior in green turtles.D.The impact of continental drift on the diet of green turtles.A.Teach their young how to swim.B.Mate and lay eggs.C.Hide from predators.D.Eat different kinds of fish.A.Its geography is similar to Brazils.B.Their instinc
25、t leads them to the place they were hatched.C.There are other species of turtles located there.D.Its climate is milder than Brazils.A.To discover how long their ancestors lived.B.To analyze how their appearance has evolved.C.To find out how a disease has spreadD.To determine how closely groups of tu
26、rtles are related.A.How historical events affected an art movement.B.How artists can influence economic conditions.C.Why a certain art movement failed to become popular.D.How valuable paintings were lost during wartime.A.Many artists lost faith in the value of art.B.Many artists moved away from larg
27、e cities.C.Many artists were forced to take jobs in other fields.D.Many artists in the United States moved to other countries.A.People wording in a large factory.B.People walking on crowded city streets.C.An everyday activity in a small town.D.A well-known historical event.A.The populations of small
28、 towns increased rapidly.B.Art critics in cites began to take notice of regionalism.C.Some regionalist painters began a new art movement.D.Society became more internationally focused.四、Part Vocabulary(总题数：5，分数：5.00)Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of th
29、e Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding (5) and grinding nuts and other plant food
30、s, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods. By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder; and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were importa
31、nt sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet. (10) The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago and domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term “Neoli
32、thic” is not used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period (15) elsewhere in the world. Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of the cont
33、inent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering (20) wild plants, Increasing predictabili
34、ty of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than for food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all weedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind t
35、hat would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and (25) dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human disturbed habitats, so humans intensively colle
36、cted them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant food and had detailed knowledge of plants. （分数：1.00）(1).The passage ma
37、inly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?（分数：0.10）A.The principal sources of food that made up their dietB.Their development of ground stone tool technologyC.Their development of agricultureD.Their distribution of work between men and women(2).The word “these” in
38、line 13 refers to（分数：0.10）A.seedsB.river valleysC.the Midwest and the SoutheastD.experimentation and domestication(3).According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?（分数：0.10）A.7,000 years agoB.4,000 to 2,000 years agoC.Long after the Neolithic periodD.Before th
39、e Archaic period(4).The word “adequate” in line 18 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.sufficientB.healthfulC.variedD.dependable(5).According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation of plants in eastern North America?（分数：0.10）A.Lack of enough wild food sources
40、B.The need to keep trees from growing close to settlementsC.Provision of work for an increasing populationD.Desire for the consistent availability of food(6).The phrase “rather than” in line 21 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.in addition toB.instead ofC.as a replacementD.such as(7).The plant “sum
41、pweed” is mentioned in line 25 in order to（分数：0.10）A.contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional valueB.explain the medicinal use of a plantC.clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut downD.provide an example of a plant that was easy to dom
42、esticate(8).The word “thrived” in line 26 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.stayedB.originatedC.grew wellD.died out(9).According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?（分数：0.10）A.They were varieties of weeds.B.They were moved from disturbed areas.C.They s
43、ucceeded in areas with many trees.D.They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.(10).According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plants were（分数：0.10）A.medical workersB.leaders of ceremoniesC.womenD.huntersSome animal behaviorists argue that certain anim
44、als can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. (5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of
45、consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the foo
46、d relative to the suns position in the sky, (10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site
47、 of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would (15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one h
48、as yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many (20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects
49、in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other (25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the hig
