1、TOEFL(托福)3 及答案解析(总分：39.84，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Structure (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1._ over 100 years since the invention of the square-bottomed paper bag.（分数：1.00）A.Now isB.Now it hasC.There is nowD.It is now2.The second-oldest continuously occupied governors mansion in the United States _ Jackson, Mississipp
2、i.（分数：1.00）A.the location inB.is the locationC.is located inD.located in3.The organ-pipe cactus is _ in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.rare thatB.it rareC.so that rareD.rare4.At its center, the sun has a density of over a hundred times _and a temperature of 10 to 20 million degrees centigrade.（分数：1.00
3、）A.that of waterB.of waterC.than that of waterD.water5._. widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.（分数：1.00）A.DespiteB.WhetherC.ThoughD.Except for6.The chemical facts _ as a by-product of their search for gold became the basis for modem che
4、mistry.（分数：1.00）A.that had been accumulated by alchemistsB.were accumulated by alchemistsC.alchemists accumulating themD.had been accumulated by alchemists7._ crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in a dry atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.The surface of marble isB.
5、The surface of marble, whichC.Although the surfitce of marbleD.The surface of marble8.In jazz music, a riff is a simple melodic figure, _ and repeated several times.（分数：1.00）A.usually one or two measures lastedB.lasted one measure or two usuallyC.is lasting one or two measures usuallyD.usually lasti
6、ng one or two measures9.Though a respected educator, Alexander Graham Bell _ the inventor of the telephone.（分数：1.00）A.as is best knownB.best known as isC.is best known asD.best is known as10._ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin from Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 18
7、6（分数：1.00）A.By the government granting ofB.Government grants ofC.For the government to grantD.Government grants so that11.The saguaro, found in desert regions in the southwestern United States,_cactus in the world.（分数：1.00）A.is the largestB.the largestC.that is the largestD.the largest that is a12.T
8、he Arctic fox is found throughout the Arctic, usually on tundra or mountains _ the sea.（分数：1.00）A.by which nearB.near ofC.because nearD.near13.Portland, _. ,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.（分数：1.00）A.which Maines largest cityB.Maines largest cit
9、y whereC.is Maines largest cityD.Maines largest city14.By focusing on the interesting, _ the significant, the penny press newspapers of the 1830s helped to change the concept of news.（分数：1.00）A.which does not necessarilyB.not necessarilyC.was not necessarilyD.nor necessarily being15.Before the Europ
10、eans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper _ into ornaments, knives, and other artifacts.（分数：1.00）A.Which was hammeringB.which hammeredC.was hammeredD.hammered二、Section B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.(Most) fish swim by (moving) their tails from (side to) side, with (little relatively) body undul
11、ation（分数：1.00）A.MostB.movingC.little relativelyD.side to17.(Established) in 1948,the State University of New York is the (singly) (largest) University (system) in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.EstablishedB.singlyC.largestD.system18.Since prehistoric times,artists (have been) arranged colors on surfac
12、es (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.（分数：1.00）A.have beenB.in waysC.that expressD.about people19.The soil in which coffee (is grown) must be rich, (moisture), and absorbent (enough) to accept water readily, but (sufficiently loose) to allow rapid drainage.（
13、分数：1.00）A.is grownB.moistureC.enoughD.that retain20.A mutation (is result) of a definite biochemical (change) in a gene that causes the offspring to vary in (some) characteristic (from) the parents.（分数：1.00）A.is resultB.changeC.someD.from21.Protective behaviors of (amphibians) include hiding (in) th
14、e presence of danger and (having) coloration (such) closely matching the environment that the animal is not obvious.（分数：1.00）A.amphibiansB.inC.havingD.such22.Saturn takes almost 30 Earth years (to make) one trip around the Sun, (during) Jupiter takes about twelve Earth years (to complete) one solar
15、(revolution).（分数：1.00）A.to makeB.duringC.to completeD.revolution23.In this world of (high) technology, it is (easy) to forget that the most important (tools) ever(developed for) learning is still the book.（分数：1.00）A.highB.easyC.toolsD.developed for24.Candies may be made by (repeatedly dipping) wicks
16、 in tallow, by molding, (nor) by pouring (melted wax) over the wicks and rolling them (into) shape.（分数：1.00）A.repeatedly dippingB.norC.melted waxD.into25.First (reported by) Spanish explorers in 1796, (the asphalt) in Californias La Brea Tar Pit was mined (commercial) for (many) years.（分数：1.00）A.rep
17、orted byB.the asphaltC.commercialD.many26.Anyone with absolute, or perfect, pitch (are) able to identify by ear (any) note at (some)standard pitch or to (sing) a specified note at will.（分数：1.00）A.areB.anyC.someD.sing27.Acoustics, (the) study of sounds, (is) one of the (oldest) of the (physically) sc
18、iences.（分数：1.00）A.theB.isC.oldestD.physically28.Lumber (production) was the (main industry) in Michigan until (the early) 1900s, (which) the automobile industry was established in Detroit.（分数：1.00）A.productionB.main industryC.the earlyD.which29.The Atlantic cable, which began (to operating) in 1866,
19、1inked the United States to London and to another cable (stretching) eastward to India (and beyond).（分数：1.00）A.to operatingB.anotherC.stretchingD.and beyond30.The (oldest) public edifice in Washington D.C., the White House was (originally) constructed in the 1790s, (also) has been rebuilt or extensi
20、vely remodeled (three times since).（分数：1.00）A.oldestB.originallyC.alsoD.three times since.三、Part I Listening (总题数：3，分数：3.00)A.The diagnosis of asthma.B.How to prevent an asthma attack.C.What asthma is and what happens during an asthma attack.D.The types of medicine available to an asthmatic.A.Inner
21、ears.B.Bronchial tubes.C.Sinuses.D.Tonsils.A.They shouldnt come to the camp.B.They must limit their activities.C.They will be seen by a doctor every day.D.They bring their medicine to camp.A.It bothers people with asthma.B.Cigarettes arent allowed at the camp.C.It pollutes the air in the tents.D.Peo
22、ple who smoke dont come to the camp.A.How historical events affected an art movement.B.How artists can influence economic conditions.C.Why a certain art movement failed to become popular.D.How valuable paintings were lost during wartime.A.Many artists lost faith in the value of art.B.Many artists mo
23、ved away from large cities.C.Many artists were forced to take jobs in other fields.D.Many artists in the United States moved to other countries.A.People wording in a large factory.B.People walking on crowded city streets.C.An everyday activity in a small town.D.A well-known historical event.A.The po
24、pulations of small towns increased rapidly.B.Art critics in cites began to take notice of regionalism.C.Some regionalist painters began a new art movement.D.Society became more internationally focused.A.The adaptations of the African grass mouse to its environmentB.The sleeping habits of the African
25、 grass mouseC.The effect of intense sunlight on the diet of the African grass mouseD.The habitat of the African grass mouseA.It has a flattened shapeB.It has an extra layer of pigmented tissueC.It has a furry coveringD.It has a large cranial cavityA.They are active during daylight hoursB.Their heads
26、 are exposed to sunlight while they sleepC.They have only partially adapted to their tropical environmentD.Their wings are easily damaged by ultraviolet radiation四、Part Vocabulary(总题数：5，分数：5.00)Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first Mesopotamian inventors of writ
27、ing may have been a people the later Babylonians called Subarians. According to tradition, they came from the north and moved into Uruk in the south. By about 3100B.C, They Were apparently subjugated in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerians, whose name became (5) synonymous with the region immediate
28、ly north of the Persian Gulf, in the fertile lower valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. Here the Sumerians were already well established by the year 3000B.C. They had invented bronze, an alloy that could be cast in molds, out of which they made tools and weapons. They lived in cities, and they had b
29、egun to acquire and use capital. Perhaps most important, the Sumerians adapted writing (probably from the Subarians) into a flexible tool of (10) communication. Archacologists have known about the Sumerians for over 150 years. Archacologists working at Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia in the mid-nine
30、teenth century found many inscribed clay tablets. Some they could decipher because the language was a Semitic one (Akkadian), on which scholars had already been working for a generation. But other tablets were inscribed in another language (15) that was not Semitic and previously unknown. Because th
31、ese inscriptions mad reference to the king of Summer and Akkad, a scholar suggested that the mew language be called Sumerian. But it was not until the 1890s that archaeologists excavating in city-states well to the south of Nieveh found many thousands of tablets inscribed in Sumerian only. Because t
32、he Akkadians thought of Sumerian as a classical language (as ancient Greek and Latin are considered today), (20) they taught it to educated persons and they inscribed vocabulary, translation exercised, and other study aids on tablets. Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian, schol
33、ars since the 1890s have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well. Vast quantities of tablets in Sumerian have been unearthed during the intervening years from numerous sites. （分数：1.00）(1). According to the passage, the inventors of written language in Mesopotamia were probably the（
34、分数：0.10）A.BabyloniansB.SubariansC.AkkadiansD.Sumerians(2). The word “subjugated“ in line 4 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.distinguishedB.segregatedC.ConcentratedD.conquered(3). The phrase “synonymous with“ in line 5 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.equivalent toB.important forC.respected inD.f
35、amiliar with(4). According to the passage, by the year 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had already done all of the following EXCEPT:（分数：0.10）A.They had abandoned the area north of the Persian Gulf.B.They had established themselves in cities.C.They had started to communicate throughD.They had created bronze
36、tools and weapons.(5). The word “some“ in line 14 refers to（分数：0.10）A.ArchaeologistsB.SumeriansC.yearsD.clay tablets(6). Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians?（分数：0.10）A.They were descendants of the Persians.B.They were the first people to cultivate the val
37、ley of the Tigris.C.They were accomplished musicians.D.They had the beginnings of an economy.(7). According to the passage, when did archaeologists begin to be able to understand tablets inscribed in Sumerian?（分数：0.10）A.IN the early nineteenth centuryB.More than 150 years agoC.After the 1890sD.In th
38、e mid-eighteenth century(8). According to the passage, in what way did the Sumerian language resemble ancient Greek and Latin?（分数：0.10）A.It Was invented in Mesopotamia.B.It became well established around 3000 B.C.C.It became a classical language.D.It was used exclusively for business transactions.(9
39、). The word “excavating“ in line 19 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.LivingB.diggingC.assemblingD.building(10). According to the passage, how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language?（分数：0.10）A.By translating the work of the SubariansB.By using their knowledge of spoken Semitic langu
40、agesC.By comparing Sumerian to other classical languagesD.By using their knowledge of AkkadianGeographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Floridas ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so ba
41、rren it supports only lichens as ground cover.(It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter (5) the soil.) Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert plant life it can sustain is only the xerophytic,
42、the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat, direct, brutaland
43、 subtropical. (10) Floridas surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either; Shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes, prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. “It appear Said one early naturalist,“ to
44、 desire to display the result of the misery through which it has Passed and is passing.“ By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet (15) our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful
45、 about such a place? The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. R is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels (20) wer
46、e higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged , its ecosystems essentially undisturbed, since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rar
47、e organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 Of these are found nowhere else on Earth. （分数：1.00）(1). What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：0.10）A.How geographers define a placeB.The characteristics of Floridas ancient scrubC.An early naturalists opinion of
48、FloridaD.The history of the Lake Wales Ridge(2). The author mentions all of the following as factors that define a place EXCEPT（分数：0.10）A.altitudeB.soilC.life-formsD.aspect(3). It can be inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica（分数：0.10）A.does not hold moistureB.is found only in Florida
49、C.nourishes many kinds of ground coverD.provides food for many kinds of lizards(4). The word“sustain“ in line 6 is closets in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.selectB.strainC.supportD.store(5). The author mentions the prickly pear (line 12) as an example of（分数：0.10）A.valuable fruit-bearing plants of the scrub areaB.unattractive plant life of the scrub areaC.a pant discovered by an early natur
