1、TOEFL(托福)1 及答案解析(总分：39.82，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Structure (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles is also termed silt, _ a consolidated aggregate is called siltstone.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.whyC.whereasD.whether2.South American flamingos can survive in temperatures _ above the freein
2、g point.（分数：1.00）A.that fewer degreesB.if few degreesC.only a few degreesD.when fewer degrees3.The modern automobile is a composed of more than 14,000 parts.（分数：1.00）A.complex technical systemB.system of complex technicalC.complex technical system thatD.system is technically complex.4.When _ from mi
3、lk, the remainder is called skim milk.（分数：1.00）A.all the butterfat is removedB.removing all the butterfat thatC.is all the butterfat removedD.the removal of all the butterfat5.The average wavelength of visible light is2,000 times _ the diameter of an atom.（分数：1.00）A.much asB.as greatC.greater thanD.
4、more than that6._ including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy, scrubby, or wooded.（分数：1.00）A.Depending on many factorsB.Many factors depending onC.Factors depending on manyD.On many factors depending7.The Arctic fox is found throughout the A
5、rctic, usually on tundra or mountains _ the sea.（分数：1.00）A.by which nearB.near ofC.because nearD.near8.Ohio, the center of _ the Hopewell culture, has the greatest concentration of ancient burial mounds in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.calledB.what is calledC.that is calledD.is called9.The classic Am
6、erican novel Moby Dick an account of the conflict between human beings and their fate.（分数：1.00）A.may be regarded asB.as may be regardedC.regarded as may beD.regarded may as be10.The Buffalo River in Arkansas was designated _ in 1972.（分数：1.00）A.a national river andB.which a national riverC.a national
7、 riverD.being a national river11.Duke Ellingtons orchestra,_ his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.（分数：1.00）A.he playedB.playingC.that it playedD.was playing12.Learning that takes place in infancy provides the _ for the eventual transformation of a child into an adult.（分数
8、：1.00）A.foundation is necessaryB.necessary foundation isC.necessary in the foundationD.foundation necessary13.Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education _ arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and speaking.（分数：1
9、.00）A.such subjects as basic inB.as basic subjects in suchC.in such basic subjects asD.as in such basic subjects14.Though a respected educator, Alexander Graham Bell _ the inventor of the telephone.（分数：1.00）A.as is best knownB.best known as isC.is best known asD.best is known as15.By using their tru
10、nks, elephants can tell the shape of all object and _ is rough or smooth, or hot or cold.（分数：1.00）A.itB.whether itC.howD.since it二、Section B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.Gourds were (introduced) to what is now the southwestern United States by (earliest) peoples (who) migrated north (from) Mesoamerica about 7
11、000 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.introducedB.earliestC.whoD.from17.First (reported by) Spanish explorers in 1796, (the asphalt) in Californias La Brea Tar Pit was mined (commercial) for (many) years.（分数：1.00）A.reported byB.the asphaltC.commercialD.many18.Fossil remains (reveal that) the farther back in time
12、 (an animal) lived, the smaller (than was) its brain in (proportion) to the size of its skull.（分数：1.00）A.reveal thatB.an animalC.than wasD.proportion19.Fuel is (any) substance or material (that reacts) chemically (with) another substance or material to produce (hot).（分数：1.00）A.anyB.that reactsC.with
13、D.hot20.The Medicare program (was established) in 1965 to (helping) elderly United States (citizens pay) the increasing (cost of) health care.（分数：1.00）A.was establishedB.helpingC.citizens payD.cost of21.It may be argued that genetics, the (study) of heredity and variation, (underwent) the (most rapi
14、d) development of any (science biological) in the twentieth century.（分数：1.00）A.studyB.underwentC.most rapidD.science biological22.The migration of African Americans from the rural South to the (industrial) North in (the early) 1900s (were) the (biggest internal) migration in American history.（分数：1.0
15、0）A.industrialB.the earlyC.wereD.biggest internal23.Saturn takes almost 30 Earth years (to make) one trip around the Sun, (during) Jupiter takes about twelve Earth years (to complete) one solar (revolution).（分数：1.00）A.to makeB.duringC.to completeD.revolution24.In 1913 (when) he (was) only 18 (year o
16、ld), Leo Sowerbys violin concerto was (performed by) the Chicago Symphony.（分数：1.00）A.whenB.wasC.year oldD.performed by25.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a (specific), set of weather criteria, (such as)falling barometric pressure ,(Lincrease) cloud cover ,and rising (humidity).（
17、分数：1.00）A.specificB.such asC.increaseD.humidity26.(It was) the (split of) eleven southern (states) from the Union in 1861 that (leading) to the Civil War in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.It wasB.split ofC.statesD.leading27.The pulse (that may) be felt (wherever) an artery (passes over) a solid struct
18、ure, such as (a bone )or cartilage.（分数：1.00）A.that mayB.whereverC.passes overD.a bone28.The (chemical element) chlorine is a corrosive, greenish-yellow gas (that) has (sharp) odor and (has) 21/2 times heavier than air.（分数：1.00）A.chemical elementB.thatC.sharpD.has29.(Few substances) lock less (alike
19、than )coal and diamonds, yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.（分数：1.00）A.Few substancesB.alike thanC.are fashionedD.from same30.Obsidian is (formed) (when) siliceous lava (cools) too rapidly to (crystallized) into rock-fanning minerals.（分数：1.00）A.formedB.whenC.coolsD.crystallized三、P
20、art I Listening (总题数：3，分数：3.00)A.Successful business practices.B.Famous inventors.C.Public health concerns.D.Unsuccessful inventions.A.They drank from public water fountains.B.They passed around a cup of water.C.They drank from personal tin cups that they carried with them.D.They bought a paper cup
21、of water.A.To demonstrate the importance of public health laws.B.To point out that without luck businesses will not succeed.C.To explain how traveling led to new inventions.D.To illustrate the importance of having the right product at the right time.A.The adaptations of the African grass mouse to it
22、s environmentB.The sleeping habits of the African grass mouseC.The effect of intense sunlight on the diet of the African grass mouseD.The habitat of the African grass mouseA.It has a flattened shapeB.It has an extra layer of pigmented tissueC.It has a furry coveringD.It has a large cranial cavityA.T
23、hey are active during daylight hoursB.Their heads are exposed to sunlight while they sleepC.They have only partially adapted to their tropical environmentD.Their wings are easily damaged by ultraviolet radiationA.To demonstrate George Washingtons survival skills.B.To show that some stories about fam
24、ous people may be historically inaccurate.C.To describe a historical event that was portrayed in a painting.D.To tell a story that George Washington told about himself.A.She led her tribe to victory against the colonistsB.She was considered to be extremely beautiful.C.She created popular American In
25、dian art.D.She helped establish peace between her tribe and the colonistsA.They have only recently been discovered.B.They were painted by the colonists who knew her.C.Most of them portray her as a child.D.They might not reflect her true appearance.四、Part Vocabulary(总题数：5，分数：5.00)Native Americans pro
26、bably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning around 60,000 B.C. and the last ending around 7,000 B.C., this land
27、bridge was open. The (5) first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented their sci
28、entific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty. (10) Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic forms, are easily disposed to think
29、 of “literature” only as something written. But on reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regar
30、dless of language, culture, (15)or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form. Of course, the differ
31、ences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The essential (20)difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form,” the shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become mor
32、e clearly realized over the course of the performance. In performing verbal art , the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performers competence in both areas. It is this intense (2
33、5)mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a tradition of performances. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America lea
34、ve their homeland?（分数：0.10）A.They were hoping to find a better climate.B.They were seeking freedom.C.They were following instructions given in a dream.D.They were looking for food.(2).The phrase “are easily disposed” in line 11 is closet in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.demonstrate reluctanceB.readily encour
35、age othersC.have a tendencyD.often fail(3).The word “Ultimately” in line 14 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.frequentlyB.normallyC.whenever possibleD.in the end(4).The word “compelling” in line 17 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.joyousB.intricateC.competingD.forceful(5).What is the main point o
36、f the second paragraph?（分数：0.10）A.Public performance is essential to verbal art.B.Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.C.Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art.D.The production of literature provides employment for many artists.(6).What can be inferred about the nature of the
37、 Native American literature discussed in the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.B.Its main focus is on daily activities.C.It is based primarily on scientific knowledge.D.It is reshaped each time it is experienced.(7).According to the passage, what responsibility
38、does the audience of a verbal art performance have ?（分数：0.10）A.They provide financial support for performances.B.They judge the quality of the content and presentation.C.They participate in the performance by chanting responses.D.They determine the length of the performance by requesting a continuat
39、ion.(8).Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It involves acting.B.It has ancient origins.C.It has a set form.D.It expresses an inner vision.(9).What can be inferred from the passage about the difference between written and oral lite
40、rature?（分数：0.10）A.Written literature reflects social values better than oral literature does.B.Written literature involves less interaction between audience and creator during the creative progress than oral literature does.C.Written literature usually is not based on historical events, whereas oral
41、 literature is.D.Written literature is not as highly respected as oral literature is.(10).What is the authors attitude toward Native American literature?（分数：0.10）A.Admiring of its formB.Critical of the cost of its productionC.Amused by its contentD.Skeptical about its originsMany ants forage across
42、the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route by intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depos
43、iting a tiny amount of trail (5)pheromonea mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes. These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants in either direction. Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a foo
44、d trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use (10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculat
45、ed that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth. The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, (15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish
46、the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space. As the ant mov
47、es to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space. (20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth down the trail. （分数：1.00）(
48、1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：0.10）A.The mass migration of antsB.How ants mark and follow a chemical trailC.Different species of ants around the worldD.The information contained in pheromones(2).The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.look upB.walk towardC.revolv
49、e aroundD.search for food(3).The word “intermittently” in line 4 is closest in meaning to（分数：0.10）A.periodicallyB.incorrectlyC.rapidlyD.roughly(4).The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single（分数：0.10）A.messageB.dead antC.food trailD.species(5).According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?（分数：0.10）A.To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicalsB.To attract different types of antsC.To protect their trail from other speciesD.To indicate how far away
