1、IELTS(雅思)12 及答案解析(总分：10.03，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：4，分数：4.00)The dog belongs to (1) 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A.5537601B.5567301C.5567601A.9:00B.7:30C.1:30填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A.column AB.column BA.column AB.column BA.column AB.column BSashas problem: Has to (21) 1. Lecturers are (28) 2. N
2、ervous to (30) 3. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(11) 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(4).suitable for people who
3、 like living high up（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(5).has a walled garden（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(6).get a wonderful view of the Thames（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(7).quiet in the evening（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Batterse
4、a(8).near Londons theatres and shops（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(9).for people prefer grand mansions to garden（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(10).favored mostly by upper-middle class families（分数：0.10）A.the BarbicanB.St Johns WoodC.Battersea(A) Malcolm sits by t
5、he window. (B) Malcolm lives in New York? (C) Elsa lives in Florida. (D) Elsa changed her seat because a man next to her was smoking. (E) Elsas boyfriend and she still live near Spaceport. (F) Malcolm still lives a few miles from Spaceport. (G) Malcolm sold the house and the furniture a few miles fr
6、om Spaceport and moved to his friends in Florida. (H) Malcolm has move to New York. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Reading Module(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Thigh, robot People who have suffered debilitating strokes often have to cope with impaired
7、muscles that do not work properly. Even a simple act such as standing up from a chair and walking a few steps can become extremely difficult. Stroke victims often have to rely on wheelchairs, sticks, walking frames and other “orthotic“ devices to move about. But a new generation of active orthotic d
8、evices, capable of augmenting or replacing lost muscle function, is in the works. These devices use an assortment of complex computer and mechanical technology, borrowed from the field of robotics, to help patients get around. They are being made possible by the falling prices and improving performa
9、nce of sensors, computer control systems and battery technology. As well as benefiting elderly patients with permanent paralysis or muscle dysfunction, such devices could also help people in recovering from “arthroscopic“ (literally, “looking within the joint“) operations. Around 850,000 arthroscopi
10、c and knee replacement operations are carried out each year in America alone, and patients require an average of six weeks of rehabilitation before they are fully mobile again. Active orthotic devices could get them back on their feet sooner. Designing such devices presents a number of challenges. T
11、he biggest problem is providing enough power to assist the wearer, without making the device too bulky and heavy. Another challenge is devising a responsive and unobtrusive control system that can take readings from several sensors and automatically respond to the wearers motion by making appropriat
12、e movements. Several start-ups are, however, rising to the challenge and readying products for market. Among the firms developing active orthotic devices is Tibion, based in Moffett Field, California. It has developed the PowerKnee, a medical device that augments muscle strength in the quadriceps to
13、 help the wearer stand, walk and climb stairs. The device is based on recent advances in portable computing, embedded systems, prosthetics and materials, and Tibion expects it to be submitted for regulatory approval next year. Americas space agency, NASA, has expressed interest in it, since muscleau
14、gmentation systems might enable astronauts to work in space for longer without getting tired. Another company working in this area is Yobotics, based in Boston, Massachusetts, which has developed a powered device called the RoboKnee. It allows a healthy wearer to perform deep knee bends indefinitely
15、 or, at least, until the batteries run out. This is intended to be a first step towards the development of a far more elaborate exoskeleton device, the RoboWalker, which will augment or replace the muscular functions of the lower body. Also working on active orthotic devices is Hugh Herr of the Mass
16、achusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His team has designed an ankle brace to assist people with “drop foot“, who are unable to lift their feet normally when walking, because of weakened or damaged muscles around the ankle. The battery-powered device, which uses a motor to help raise and lower th
17、e front of the foot as the heel strikes the ground and lifts again, is about to begin testing on patients. Also at MIT, Woodie Flowers, a mechanical engineer, is developing an active joint brace that is designed to function like an active exoskeleton. Perhaps the best-known example of such a device
18、is the exoskeleton seen in the film “Aliens“, which allows the wearer to move heavy objects around, rather like a fork-lift truck. This kind of technology may not, it seems, remain in the realm of science fiction for much longer. （分数：0.98）(1).Write your answer on your answer sheet.（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_(2
19、).In what aspect does designing such new Medical devices present challenges?（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT
20、GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENWhats good for the poor is good for America Part 1 Although its prosperity depends on a worldwide network of trade, finance and technology, the United States currently treats the rest of the world, and especially the developing world, as if it barely exists. Much of the
21、poorer world is in turmoil, caught in a vicious circle of disease, poverty and political instability. Large-scale financial and scientific help from the rich nations is an investment worth making, not only for humanitarian reasons, but also because even remote countries in turmoil become outposts of
22、 disorder for the rest of the world. The biggest priority of next weeks Genoa Summit should be for the rich countries, above all the United States, to get serious about contributing to global economic development. The principal goal of foreign policy is now almost containments opposite: helping to e
23、nsure that all parts of the world, including the poorest, are integrated into global economic and ecological networks in mutually beneficial ways. Unfortunately, American presidents in recent times have not acknowledged that this goal requires massive foreign-policy investments. Americas foreign aid
24、 is 0.1% of GDP, a derisory shadow of what it used to be, and roughly one-third of the European level. Following Americas lead, most of the large economies have allowed their own foreign-assistance programmes to shrink since the end of the cold war. Even when the United States reaped a peace dividen
25、d of more than 2% of GDP in reduced defence spending after 1990, it cut, rather than increased, foreign-assistance spending as a share of national income. Part 2 The Bush administration and Congress must find their way to a renewal of American foreign policy and the sensible international investment
26、s that will be needed to back it up. The presidents core team knows the world and its risks. Last years Meltzer Commission, on which I served, demonstrated that there could be a bipartisan consensus on the need for much more American help for the poorest countries. The new chairman of the Senate For
27、eign Relations Committee, Joseph Biden, is ideally suited by knowledge and temperament to help lead a bipartisan foreign-policy effort with the Bush administration. Here are some guidelines for investing in foreign policy in todays global economy. First, we must identify the areas where money can re
28、ally make a difference. Keenest attention should be paid to the worlds poorest regions, the ones most likely to fall prey to the vicious circle of poverty, disease and state collapse. Remarkably, only around one-sixth of American aid is currently directed to the 48 least-developed countries, most of
29、 which are in Africa. Help for these countries should come in two ways: as direct support for national programmes to fight disease, malnutrition and illiteracy, when those programmes make sense and are honestly administered; and through programmes to develop new technologies to overcome barriers to
30、long-term economic development. Second, the United States should end its decade-long war against the United Nations agencies. Specialised organisations such as the World Health Organisation, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, UNAIDS
31、and the United Nations Development Programme need to be bolstered with more money and administrative reforms, not squeezed financially to the point of collapse. These agencies would be greatly strengthened by closer and properly financed links with Americas own top-rank institutions, such as the Nat
32、ional Institutes of Health and the Centres for Disease Control. Third, and surely most important, the Bush administration must explain to Americans that a big increase in budgetary outlays on behalf of economic development in the worlds poorest and most unstable regions is an investment in core Amer
33、ican interests and values. All serious professional estimates show that the fight against AIDS in the developing countries will require at least $ 2 billion-3 billion a year from the United States government for the global fund-rather more than the $ 200 million so far promised. External assistance
34、for Africa will require not the current miserly $ 1 billion from America, but a several-fold increase, if profound problems have a chance of being overcome. Sub-Saharan Africa, neglected by the United States, has routinely received a sum equivalent to around one-sixth of the American aid given to th
35、e Middle East. Part 3 Fifty years ago a soldier-statesman, General George Marshall, then secretary of state, explained to Americans that urgent financial support for Europe would stabilize societies destroyed by the second world war and the post-war economic crises. Such aid would unleash Europes po
36、tential for recovery to everyones mutual benefit. His vision was exactly on the mark. Winston Churchill called the resulting Marshall Plan “the most unsordid act in history“. The United States once again has a soldier-statesman, Colin Powell, as secretary of state. A new Powell Plan to mobilize Amer
37、ican technology and finances, both public and private, on behalf of the economic development of the worlds poor countries would be a fitting follow-up to the Marshall Plan. The world, and America, would be enormously safer and more prosperous as a Result. Questions 31 - 33 Below is a list of heading
38、s, choose the most suitable choices for parts (1-4) and write the appropriate numbers (i-iv) on your answer sheet. Note: There are more headings than you need so you will not use all of them and you may use any heading more than once. List of heading i. Jeffrey Sachs on where Uncle Sam should be mor
39、e generous, and the reason ii. the United States should end its decade-long war against the United Nations agencies iii. Re-inventing foreign aid v. A Powell Plan （分数：1.00）(1).Part1（分数：0.10）填空项 1:_(2).Part2（分数：0.10）填空项 1:_(3).Part3（分数：0.10）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Righ
40、ts to remember NEW HN, CONNECTICUT One element of this doctrine is what I call “Achilles and his heel“. September 11th brought upon America, as once upon Achilles, a schizophrenic sense of both exceptional power and exceptional vulnerability. Never has a superpower seemed so powerful and so vulnerab
41、le at the same time. The Bush doctrine asked: “How can we use our superpower resources to protect our vulnerability?“ The administration has also radically shifted its emphasis on human rights. In 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt called the allies to arms by painting a vision of the world we were try
42、ing to make: a post-war world of four fundamental freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear. This framework foreshadowed the post-war human-rights construct-embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent international covenants that
43、emphasised comprehensive protection of civil and political rights (freedom of speech and religion), economic, social and cultural rights (freedom from want), and freedom from gross violations and persecution (the Refugee Convention, the Genocide Convention and the Torture Convention). But Bush admin
44、istration officials have now reprioritised “freedom from fear“ as the number-one freedom we need to preserve. Freedom from fear has become the obsessive watchword of Americas human-rights policy. Witness five faces of a human-rights policy fixated on freedom from fear. (A) Two core tenets of a post-
45、Watergate world had been that our government does not spy on its citizens, and that American citizens should see what our government is doing. But since September 11th, classification of government documents has risen to new heights. The Patriot Act, passed almost without dissent after September 11t
46、h, authorises the Defence Department to develop a project to promote something called “total information awareness“. Under this programme, the government may gather huge amounts of information about citizens without proving they have done anything wrong. They can access a citizens records-whether telephone, financial, rental, internet, medical, educational or library-without showing any involvement with terrorism. Internet service
