1、GRE2及答案解析(总分：27.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.A rhetorician who spends so much of his time studying the famous -|_|-of logic is more than likely to produce a few self-evident statements of his own.（分数：1.00）A.self-knotsB.paradoxesC.twistsD.tautologiesE.platitudes2.It may be -|_|-
2、to obtain soap that is not antibacterial, given its -|_|-as a household cleansing product, but according to a new study, such products may be a waste of time.（分数：1.00）A.difficult . ubiquityB.imprudent . weaknessC.traditional . relevanceD.revolutionary . innovationE.extravagant . expense3.Educators w
3、ho study the influences of geographical differences on educational success have concluded that environment is not -|_|-factor, as students in one country are no more -|_|-than those in another.（分数：1.00）A.an essential .,. eruditeB.a determining . preeminentC.a pernicious . mediocreD.a conducive . mer
4、itoriousE.a wholesome . susceptible4.Henry James was to some degree interested in voyeuristically exploring his characters psychologies, though he was -|_|-this enterprise less by -|_|-than by sympathy.（分数：1.00）A.seduced into affectionB.impelled to curiosityC.goaded into loathD.discouraged from apat
5、hyE.intrigued by self-pity5.After the investigations and -|_|-that are both necessary and inevitable after a calamity such as the recently ended crisis, it may turn out that authorities could have handled the problem in a less -|_|-way.（分数：1.00）A.observation . convenientB.analyses . fashionableC.sec
6、ond-guessing . costlyD.footwork . organizedE.solutions . abstruse6.Ancient people felt much -|_|-concerning the notion that the appearance of comets was inauspicious, but nevertheless exhibited -|_|-concerning the proper reaction to the phenomenon.（分数：1.00）A.conviction . apprehensionB.apathy . ignor
7、anceC.disparity . discordD.consensus . disagreementE.suspicion . hesitancy7.Science and society are -|_|-collaborators: In the best of worlds we may achieve a very fine and finely negotiated partnership, and in the worst of worlds, -|_|-one by the other.（分数：1.00）A.symbiotic . destruction ofB.antagon
8、istic . amelioration ofC.trustworthy . exploitation ofD.uneasy . annihilation ofE.parasitic . indifference to二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)That large regions of the galaxy can be influenced by the formation of massive stars in a few localized regions requires that star formation somehow be coordinated o
9、ver long periods of time. The process commences with a single O-type star or a cluster of such stars in a giant molecular cloud, around which stellar radiation, winds and explosions carve a modest cavity from of the surrounding interstellar medium, concomitantly destroying the progenitor cloud. Perc
10、hance this disturbance triggers star formation in a nearby cloud, and so on, until the interstellar medium in this corner of the galaxy resembles Swiss cheese, composed of what theorists have recently begun to refer to as bubbles, or superbubbles, one of the most exciting discoveries in astrophysics
11、 in years. Within a hot bubble, the sun has revealed itself in x-rays emitted by highly ionized trace ions such as oxygen and at some point in the process of its formation, nearby bubbles commence to overlap, coalescing into a superbubble. The energy from more and more O-type stars feeds this expand
12、ing superbubble until its natural buoyancy stretches it from the midplane up toward the halo, forming a chimneythe superbubble thus becomes a pathway for hot interior gas to spread into the upper reaches of the galactic atmosphere, producing a widespread corona. Far from its source of energy, the co
13、ronal gas slowly starts to cool and condense into clouds. Over eons, these clouds fall back to the galaxys mid-plane, completing the fountain-like cycle and replenishing the galactic disk with cool clouds from which star formation begins anew. Star formation often occurs in sporadic but intense burs
14、ts, but in the Milky Way the competing feedback effects almost balance out, so that stars form at an unhurried pacejust 10 per year on average, except in some galaxies where positive feedback has gained the upper hand. 20 million to 50 million years ago, star formation in the central parts of M82 be
15、gan running out of control. Our galaxy, too, may have had sporadic bursts, and the way these starbursts occur, and what turns them off must be tied to the complex relation between stars and the tenuous atmosphere from which they precipitate. Progress will be made in this complicated subject as astro
16、nomers continue to study how the medium is cycled through stars, through the different phases of the medium, and between the disk and the halo. Observations of other galaxies give astronomers a birds-eye view of the interstellar goings-on, and answer such a critical question as whether stars are rea
17、lly the main source of power for the interstellar medium. The loop above the Cassiopeia superbubble1looks uncomfortably similar to the prominences that arch above the surface of the sun, prominences which owe much to the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere, and scientists have begun to wonder if
18、magnetic activity dominates our galaxys atmosphere. （分数：0.98）(1).The primary function of the passage as a whole is to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.indicate the direction that research into a particular physical phenomenon should takeB.illustrate the limitations of applying mathematics to complicated astrophysic
19、al phenomenaC.clarify the differences between an old explanation of a physical phenomenon and a new model of itD.introduce a new explanation of a physical phenomenonE.explain the difference between two related physical phenomena(2).Which of the following best describes the organization of the first
20、paragraph?（分数：0.14）A.A theory is presented and criticized.B.A phenomenon is named and then explained.C.A model is described and evaluated for consistency.D.A result is reported and its importance explained.E.A hypothesis is introduced and contrary evidence presented.(3).According to the passage, the
21、 more superbubbles that exist in a galaxy, -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.the longer the star-formation process will take placeB.the greater the amount of interstellar gas in the galaxyC.the higher the positive feedback rate of star formation in the galaxyD.the less magnetic activity in that galaxyE.the more regu
22、lar the intervals of star formation(4).According to the passage, which of the following is true about the way stars usually form?（分数：0.14）A.They tend to overlap as they appear.B.They tend to result from the residual matter of supernovas.C.They tend to generate in sudden irregular fits.D.They tend to
23、 destroy their progenitor clouds.E.They tend to form away from gas coronas.(5).According to the explanation given in the passage, which of the following causes superbubbles to gradually assume the shape of a chimney?（分数：0.14）A.The gravitational attraction of supernovas adjacent to the region of the
24、chimney s formationB.The effect of entropy on the relative abundance of hot interior gas within the superbubbleC.A chemical reaction involving ionized trace ions at the heart of the superbubbleD.A tendency toward coalescence in the gases that contribute to the formation of the superbubbleE.A natural
25、 buoyancy of the superbubble, which causes the chimney to stretch and become a gaseous conduit(6).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would occur if the chimneys formed by superbubbles failed to deliver their hot interior gas? . The surrounding galaxy would lack enough co
26、ol gas clouds to form new stars. . Positive feedback in the star formation process would go unchecked. . More and more O-type stars would come into existence from the static gas clouds. （分数：0.14）A.onlyB. onlyC.and onlyD.and onlyE., and (7).Which of the following, if true, would most seriously underm
27、ine the validity of the model of star formation that is presented in the passage?（分数：0.14）A.A star is discovered that emits lower levels of trace ions than those discovered by x-rays of our galaxys sun.B.A section of the universe is discovered to lack both stars and any sort of interstellar medium.C
28、.A galaxy is discovered with a negative rate of star formation.D.In one corner of the galaxy, coronal gas is discovered to rarify as it becomes cooler.E.A superbubble is found of equal mass to the galaxy surrounding it.Hydrothermal vents along the mid-ocean ridges host ephemeral ecosystems of divers
29、e fauna, including several crustacean species, some of which undergo development as larvae up to 1,000 meters above and 100 kilometers away from the vents. For example, vent crab Bythograea thermydron (at stage of larvae) possess image-forming compound eyes with a visual pigment sensitive to the blu
30、e light of upper oceanic waters. As these larvae metamorphose into adulthood and begin to descend to and settle at the vents, they lose their imageforming optics and develop highsensitivity naked-retina eyes. With maturation,the spectral absorbance of the visual pigment in these eyes also shifts tow
31、ards longer wavelengths and this progressive visual metamorphosis trades imaging for increased sensitivity, and changes spectral sensitivity to the dim, longer wavelengths of light existing at the bottom of the ocean. As hydrothermal vents produce light, vision may supplement thermal and chemical se
32、nses to orient post-larval settlement at vent sites. （分数：-0.98）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：-0.14）A.Adaptive Visual Metamorphosis in Deep-Sea Vent CrabsB.Aspects of the General Anatomical Development of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsC.New Research Directions in t
33、he Study of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsD.Common Features of Optics of Lower Depth Oceanic AnimalsE.Patterns of Anatomical Transformation in Lower Oceanic Creatures(2).According to the passage, the optical anatomy of Bythograea thermydrons acquires which of the following features as it grows from larva to an
34、 adult? . A higher sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light . An enhanced ability to form images . A greater range of spectral absorbance （分数：-0.14）A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I and III onlyE.I, II, and III(3).According to the passage, the optics of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron (line
35、4 ) serve all of the following purposes over the course of its life-cycle EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.14）A.They assist in the orientation process by helping the crab navigate toward post-larval settlements.B.They assist the crabs visually by permitting imaging in the light-saturated upper oceanic depths.C.They h
36、elp the crabs navigate by providing thermal and chemical senses to the adult crab near post-larval settlements.D.They increase the crabs flexibility by allowing the crab to adapt to two different environments with different lighting conditions.E.They permit the crabs to achieve increased sensitivity
37、 to the location of underwater thermal vents.(4).It may be inferred from the passage that the larval environment which surrounds the vent crab Bythograea thermydron differs from its adult environment in that it_.（分数：-0.14）A.contains more thermal vents than the adult environmentB.receives more of its
38、 light from the sun than from hydrothermal ventsC.lacks the longer and dimmer wavelengths of light found in the adult environmentD.can be survived only by creatures equipped with image-forming opticsE.has a tendency to induce metamorphoses in the creatures that occupy it(5).It can be inferred from t
39、he passage that in Woolf s lifetime, women writers avoided conflating faction and fiction because to do so_.（分数：-0.14）A.impinged on their writings vividnessB.contaminated their writing s impartialityC.undermined their writings narrative coherenceD.restricted their writings resonanceE.limited their w
40、riting s perceptiveness(6).The passage suggests which of the following about Virgina Woolfs work? . Woolfs most lasting contribution has been the high sense of objectivity she brought to her work, which was mostly lacking in the feminist writing of the time . Much of Woolf s non-fiction employed nar
41、rative strategies more commonly used in narrative at the time. . Woolfs intentions regarding the use of biographical anecdotes have largely been misread by critics. （分数：-0.14）A. onlyB.onlyC.and onlyD. and onlyE., , and (7).It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the critical recept
42、ion that Woolfs work has received as_.（分数：-0.14）A.largely irrelevant, in that it has paid too much attention to writers of female stereotypes instead of those who have challenged themB.insufficiently praiseful, in that it fails to acknowledge the extent to which Woolf attacked the stereotypes of her
43、 timeC.balanced, in that both Woolf s contribution to the fight against feminist stereotypes and her technical limitations are usually acknowledgedD.often inappropriate, in that critics often mistake the personal references in her work as evidence of self-absorption, instead of a valid techniqueE.mo
44、stly incisive, in that it points out the unfortunate egotistism of her writing which diminished its overall positive aspects四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.SOUND: ECHO : :（分数：1.00）A.sight: rainbow B.episode: televisionC.light: reflectionD.affection: attachmentE.observation: microscope9.TAILOR: SCISSORS
45、: :（分数：1.00）A.physician: pestilenceB.photographer: tripodC.butcher: cleaverD.gardener: hoseE.editor: keyboard10.ENDORSE: APPROVAL: :（分数：1.00）A.insult: sufferingB.commence :journeyC.contribute: revenueD.transmit: waveE.enchant: magic11.SAGE: JUDGMENT : :（分数：1.00）A.vaticinator: omnipotenceB.consumer:
46、wealthC.villain: perfidyD.autodidact: ambitionE.knave: deceit12.IMPERVIOUS: FRIABLE : :（分数：1.00）A.ductile: tensileB.insuperable: loftyC.nonflammable: combustibleD.malleable: flexibleE.convivial: exploitative13.SIGHT: BLUR : :（分数：1.00）A.length: increaseB.destruction: disintegrateC.dilemma: jumbleD.wr
47、iting: pontificateE.speech: slur14.FROWN: VEXATION : :（分数：1.00）A.dismiss: goodwillB.disable: recoveryC.wince: injuryD.maneuver: operationE.soothe: irritation15.GREENHOUSE: PLANT : :（分数：1.00）A.bottle: tonicB.incubator: microorganismC.orchard: underbrushD.pipeline: gasE.washroom: hygiene16.MODICUM: IO
48、TA : :（分数：1.00）A.abundance: magnitudeB.gallon: kilogramC.tress: braidD.thatch: bladeE.lock: hair五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.TEETOTALISM:（分数：1.00）A.patriotismB.bigotryC.overindulgenceD.tendencyE.broadmindedness18.TRACTABILITY：（分数：1.00）A.doubtfulnessB.impassabiluyC.sterilityD.persistenceE.urelessness19.BELLIGERENT:（分数：1.00）A.amorphousB.nascentC.friableD.conciliatoryE.droll20.REPUTE:（分数：1.00）A.indifferenceB.miserlinessC.nonentityD.recklessnessE.ignorance21.BREACH:（分数：1.00）A.forge aheadB.collectC.remain quietD.weldE.offer support22.CONCUR:（分数：1.00）A.
