1、GRE1及答案解析(总分：27.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Several surgeons cautioned against -|_|-the new procedure, -|_|-that patients had been kept in the dark too long about its possible catastrophic consequences.（分数：1.00）A.eschewing . ponderingB.adopting . complainingC.publicizing . add
2、ingD.revising . advocatingE.administering . forgetting2.Jack Kerouac was neither a demon nor a saint but a -|_|-, notably gentle, deeply conflicted and finally self-destructive person whose dream from childhood was to be a writer.（分数：1.00）A.museB.martyrC.cadgeD.fallibleE.ascetic3.Adams was so -|_|-t
3、hat his friends did not bother to -|_|-him, because they presupposed that he would pay scant attention.（分数：1.00）A.obstinate infuriateB.obedient refuteC.refractory provokeD.intractable remonstrateE.bizarre palliate4.His father served as -|_|-to the entire Garcia clan, dispensing money and advice to t
4、hose who needed it, and the family, in turn, revered him.（分数：1.00）A.prelateB.paterfamiliasC.mountebankD.valetE.creditor5.While the causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction have received the most attention, Alvarezs paper points out work on the other major mass extinctions that may also be -|_|-f
5、or the tragedy.（分数：1.00）A.answerableB.indefensibleC.pitiableD.reprehensibleE.avoidable6.Though -|_|-in his youth, Muir grew in the fullness of time to acquire truly -|_|-habits envied by even the most hardened of his fellow survivalists.（分数：1.00）A.a stoic . gourmetB.a sycophant . humbleC.an eccentri
6、c . practicalD.a sensualist . spartanE.an ideologue . catholic7.The monarch and his followers thought of the court as -|_|-how the kingdom ought to be, the harmonious expression of a larger social order centred on the monarch.（分数：1.00）A.a miscalculation ofB.irrelevant toC.a microcosm ofD.recognizabl
7、e asE.isometric to二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The distinction between making art and thinking and writing about it should imply neither a mutual exclusiveness nor a hierarchic differentiation of these processes. Leonardo demonstrated that producing art and theorizing about Line it need not be antithet
8、ically opposed activities and that meaningful contributions can be achieved successfully in more than one field. Inexplicably, few theorists have built as memorable architectural structures as his and even fewer artists have been entrusted with the directorship of an influential art institution. Unf
9、ortunately, as theory and practice became more specialized in the modernera and their operational framework clearly defined both in the cultural milieu and the educational process, their independent paths and boundaries have curtailed possibilities of interaction. The creations of categories and div
10、isions have further emphasized highly individualized idiosyncrasies and, by exposing differences, diminished the value of a unifying artistic vocabulary. The transformative cultural process of the last decades has critically examined the artificial separations between theoretical and studio practice
11、s and disclosed viable connections between making, writing, thinking, looking and talking about art. The recent dialogue between the various components of the artistic discourse has recognized the common denominators shared by theoretical analyses and artistic production, one of which is clearly exp
12、osed by the argument that the central objective of the theorist and artist is to unmask and understand artistic meanings in painting or text. The notion that “true“ art is the product of individuals who are incapable of in-depth understanding, in stark contrast to erudite, restrained and controlled
13、scholars, is an outdated model. The assumption that artists make art but cannot or do not have to talk or write about it and that theorists rarely know anything about the creative process, has been consistently refuted by the many texts written from Leonardo da Vinci to Mary Kelly. Even van Gogh, a
14、martyr of the stereotypical “misunderstood genius,“ whose artistic career has been distorted by scores of films and books, wrote with lucidity and insight about art and his work. Apparently, the “mystery“ of the creative process, jealously protected by artists but also selectively cultivated by some
15、 art historians has been both a fascination and frustration for those extrinsic to the process and artists have exposed the intimacy of creativity while acknowledging the role of cognition in creativity. Even the ironic and subversive demise of authorship of the post-modern and electronic age acknow
16、ledges, at least indirectly, the value of the artists individual participation. However, many contemporary artists have abandoned the hierarchic segregation of the inner realm of the creator and, by combining theoretical and studio practices, brought a reconciliatory tone to the processes of making
17、art and analyzing it. Their works, which are often simultaneously artistic productions and critique of the artistic discourse, make use of visual and textual forms to expose the connection between looking and thinking as the essential attribute to both creating and understanding art. （分数：0.98）(1).Ac
18、cording to the passage, the specialization of art and theory has tended to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.reduce the level of control artists have over artistic institutionsB.increase the usefulness of creating a unifying artistic vocabularyC.permit a greater level of development of knowledge concerning bothD.cur
19、tail interactions and establish false boundaries between the two fieldsE.complicate the educational process of artists in an unfortunate manner(2).It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the modern era artistic practice was regarded as -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.a hermetic field without potential fo
20、r collaboration, given that it was almost exclusively populated by “misunderstood geniuses“B.a field less isolated from the practice of critical analysis than the artistic process of the present eraC.more meaningful and useful as a self-critical force than the aesthetic judgments of non-artists, esp
21、ecially art historiansD.primarily concerned with the masking and concealment of artistic meanings from the general publicE.seldom times as specialized as the various branches of science from which art has traditionally been distinguished(3).Which of the following best states the authors main point a
22、bout artists who have abandoned the hierarchical distinction between art and theory?（分数：0.14）A.Theirs is a sterile, abstract practice, unlikely to produce few lasting works.B.They have demonstrated that critics are less important to the art-making process than the public commonly believes.C.They hav
23、e laudably focused their energy on exposing the extent to which theory informs their own practice.D.They have, to the detriment of their work, lost track of inner realm of the creator.E.They have demonstrated a positive alternative to critics who have abandoned their field to become artists.(4).The
24、passage suggests that the mystification of the artistic process by certain art historians and artists can be traced to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.the necessity of protecting artistic meaning from a general public who would most likely misunderstand and object to itB.an unconscious tendency of non-artists to l
25、ionize those artists whom the public admires but fails to understandC.a desire to protect and maintain the isolation between those who make art and those who analyze it, so as to reinforce the creative/critical distinctionD.a movement to expunge the challenging texts of dual artist/critics like Leon
26、ardo da Vinci and Mary Kelly from the critical canonE.a distinction between the methodology of scholars, who tend to be erudite, and that of artists, who are more intuitive in their thinking processes(5).The passage suggests that the post-modernist relegation of an artworks author to a minor and irr
27、elevant post -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.has resulted in a greater embrace of art forms that are sometimes wholly electronicB.has failed to entirely counter the notion that art-making originates at some point with an individualC.has enabled artists to demonstrate the visual and textual connections between art
28、and art criticismD.has tended to increase the intimacy of creation at the expense of the cognition of artistsE.has tended to subtly reinforce the ways in which artists are perceived as martyrs(6).The authors primary purpose in mentioning van Gogh is most likely to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.cite the case of a
29、n artist whose intention was to increase the mystification of the artistic processB.discuss an artist whose life has been consistently distorted by biographers and filmmakersC.give an example of an artist depicted as incapable of comprehending his own art work but able to do so in factD.provide an i
30、nstance of an artist whose work can scarcely be understood without the assistance of art criticsE.mention the example of an artist whose critical faculties were rightly overshadowed by his artistic abilities(7).Which of the following persuasive devices is NOT used in the passage?（分数：0.14）A.An exampl
31、e of an artist whose work critics misunderstandB.The contrast of different points of viewC.The repetition of key ideas and expressionsD.A mention of the most recent trends in art-makingE.Evaluative or judgmental wordsHydrothermal vents along the mid-ocean ridges host ephemeral ecosystems of diverse
32、fauna, including several crustacean species, some of which undergo development as larvae up to 1,000 meters above and 100 kilometers away from the vents. For example, vent crab Bythograea thermydron (at stage of larvae) possess image-forming compound eyes with a visual pigment sensitive to the blue
33、light of upper oceanic waters. As these larvae metamorphose into adulthood and begin to descend to and settle at the vents, they lose their imageforming optics and develop highsensitivity naked-retina eyes. With maturation,the spectral absorbance of the visual pigment in these eyes also shifts towar
34、ds longer wavelengths and this progressive visual metamorphosis trades imaging for increased sensitivity, and changes spectral sensitivity to the dim, longer wavelengths of light existing at the bottom of the ocean. As hydrothermal vents produce light, vision may supplement thermal and chemical sens
35、es to orient post-larval settlement at vent sites. （分数：-0.98）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：-0.14）A.Adaptive Visual Metamorphosis in Deep-Sea Vent CrabsB.Aspects of the General Anatomical Development of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsC.New Research Directions in the
36、 Study of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsD.Common Features of Optics of Lower Depth Oceanic AnimalsE.Patterns of Anatomical Transformation in Lower Oceanic Creatures(2).According to the passage, the optical anatomy of Bythograea thermydrons acquires which of the following features as it grows from larva to an a
37、dult? . A higher sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light . An enhanced ability to form images . A greater range of spectral absorbance （分数：-0.14）A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I and III onlyE.I, II, and III(3).According to the passage, the optics of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron (line 4
38、) serve all of the following purposes over the course of its life-cycle EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.14）A.They assist in the orientation process by helping the crab navigate toward post-larval settlements.B.They assist the crabs visually by permitting imaging in the light-saturated upper oceanic depths.C.They hel
39、p the crabs navigate by providing thermal and chemical senses to the adult crab near post-larval settlements.D.They increase the crabs flexibility by allowing the crab to adapt to two different environments with different lighting conditions.E.They permit the crabs to achieve increased sensitivity t
40、o the location of underwater thermal vents.(4).It may be inferred from the passage that the larval environment which surrounds the vent crab Bythograea thermydron differs from its adult environment in that it_.（分数：-0.14）A.contains more thermal vents than the adult environmentB.receives more of its l
41、ight from the sun than from hydrothermal ventsC.lacks the longer and dimmer wavelengths of light found in the adult environmentD.can be survived only by creatures equipped with image-forming opticsE.has a tendency to induce metamorphoses in the creatures that occupy it(5).It can be inferred from the
42、 passage that in Woolf s lifetime, women writers avoided conflating faction and fiction because to do so_.（分数：-0.14）A.impinged on their writings vividnessB.contaminated their writing s impartialityC.undermined their writings narrative coherenceD.restricted their writings resonanceE.limited their wri
43、ting s perceptiveness(6).The passage suggests which of the following about Virgina Woolfs work? . Woolfs most lasting contribution has been the high sense of objectivity she brought to her work, which was mostly lacking in the feminist writing of the time . Much of Woolf s non-fiction employed narra
44、tive strategies more commonly used in narrative at the time. . Woolfs intentions regarding the use of biographical anecdotes have largely been misread by critics. （分数：-0.14）A. onlyB.onlyC.and onlyD. and onlyE., , and (7).It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the critical receptio
45、n that Woolfs work has received as_.（分数：-0.14）A.largely irrelevant, in that it has paid too much attention to writers of female stereotypes instead of those who have challenged themB.insufficiently praiseful, in that it fails to acknowledge the extent to which Woolf attacked the stereotypes of her t
46、imeC.balanced, in that both Woolf s contribution to the fight against feminist stereotypes and her technical limitations are usually acknowledgedD.often inappropriate, in that critics often mistake the personal references in her work as evidence of self-absorption, instead of a valid techniqueE.most
47、ly incisive, in that it points out the unfortunate egotistism of her writing which diminished its overall positive aspects四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.WARNING: ADMONITORY : :（分数：1.00）A.decision: ambiguousB.alibi: exculpatoryC.deformity: congenitalD.stratagem: antagonisticE.analysis: holistic9.OUTSKIR
48、TS: TOWN : :（分数：1.00）A.wine: gobletB.leaf: plantC.shoulder: thoroughfareD.wing: helicopterE.step: stairs10.ARGOT: SUBCULTURE : :（分数：1.00）A.symptom: ailmentB.cipher: settlementC.jargon: professionD.face: individualityE.sign: convention11.PHLEGMATIC: PERTURB : :（分数：1.00）A.ineffable: ignoreB.greedy: goadC.invincible: subdueD.peaceful: mollifyE.bewildered: illuminate12.METEOROLOGY: WEATHER : :（分数：1.00）A.cosmology: atmosphereB.seismology: earthquakeC.alchemy: chemistryD.phonetics: languageE.mythology: narrative13.GLARING: LIGHT : :（分数：1.00）A.piquant: odorB.ruined: building
