1、GRE12及答案解析(总分：27.04，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Regardless of what might be said about the vehement diatribes of the Minnesota senator, one cant argue that he was any less than utterly -|_|-his beliefs and his tituents, for invariably, he voted his -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.opposed to . p
2、oliticsB.committed to whimsC.conflicted in . inclinationsD.considerate in . platformE.dedicated to . conscience2.Future generations of physicists may look at the -|_|-of their former ideas and see in it, not the relics of some extinct creature, but a crude, early, yet wholly -|_|-version of their mo
3、re modern theories.（分数：1.00）A.mockery distinctB.armature laughableC.specter congruousD.skeleton recognizableE.treatment suspect3.When he was ordered from above to expel two -|_|-comradesthey insisted on challenging the leadershiphe found himself caught between his official duties and his oldest -|_|
4、-.（分数：1.00）A.dangerous . enmitiesB.obstreperous . loyaltiesC.peerless . inhibitionsD.dire . ambitionsE.excellent . considerations4.The language of the bureaucrats and administrators must needs be recognized as -|_|-of legal parlance, for there is no other way to explain its pedantic, -|_|-and pernic
5、ious style.（分数：1.00）A.an outgrowth pervicaciousB.a visitation rottenC.a rejection vitriolicD.a permutation heedlessE.a divagation rapturous5.With legal migration, governments need to persuade voters that they are accepting immigrants who will be -|_|-for the country, rather than those who will -|_|-
6、drain resources.（分数：1.00）A.beneficial merelyB.jingoistic withalC.exotic constantlyD.amusing ungraciouslyE.helpful seldom6.His -|_|-of the assigned pages was itself a much too lengthy summary; by all accounts, if he wishes to succeed by the standards of succinctness and concision, he must learn to re
7、strain his -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.development techniqueB.synthesis garrulousnessC.analysis constructionD.perusal interestE.synopsis verbosity7.While the causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction have received the most attention, Alvarezs paper points out work on the other major mass extinctions that ma
8、y also be -|_|-for the tragedy.（分数：1.00）A.answerableB.indefensibleC.pitiableD.reprehensibleE.avoidable二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Since her own era, Christina Rossettis devout Christianity has often been seen as a characteristic setting her apart from the other avowedly non-Christian members of the Pr
9、e-Raphaelite circle. In designating their movement a form of“aesthetic mysticism“, one established critic, Alice Law described the place Pre-Raphaelitism holds in the development of Victorian artistic culture as a movement away from a predominantly religious and moralizing function toward a culture
10、of aestheticismprecisely what Rossettis work has long been thought to reject. The Pre-Raphaelites attention to picturesque detail, the medievalist atmosphere and settings, the pervasive melancholy of their works, and their awareness of their arts primarily Christian literary and pictorial originsall
11、 these have been traditionally downplayed in their similarity to the characteristics of Christina Rossettis poetry. This belief persists, despite the distinctly religious “atmosphere“ of much of the work produced by both generations of Pre-Raphaelites: its employment of biblical images and typology;
12、 of religious figural language; and, more especially and pervasively, of medievalist backgrounds and settings that were seen by their early audiences to have clearly devotional, if not dangerously “Romanist“, associations. When discussing Pre-Raphaelitism as an historical movement, we must remember
13、that the first brotherhood was inspired largely by a sacramental aesthetic that tended to alienate Victorian society, which generally abhorred the notion of sacrifice. It is true that Rossettis traditional solution to the Romantic and Victorian literary problem of alienation from nature and the more
14、 characteristically Victorian problem of despair at lifes meaninglessness, was fundamentally Christian. But with few exceptions, Rossetti relied on the colloquial and angst-ridden language of both generations of Pre-Raphaelites. Even Swinburne, the Pre-Raphaelite whose anti-orthodoxy and iconoclasm
15、seem to conflict most profoundly with Rossettis values, enthusiastically hailed her. That most Victorians themselves perceived Christina Rossetti as unequivocally Pre-Raphaelite in her poetic affinities is clear, for throughout her poetry and much of her prose Christina Rossetti demonstrated true an
16、d deep affinities with Pre-Raphaelite aesthetic values, in both innovative and traditional ways. We must not forget her “pictorial“ modes of representation, the medieval atmosphere and settings that appear repeatedly in her poems, her appreciation of the worlds physical beauty and its expression in
17、lush images, the intensity of her poems, which seems inseparable from their “sincerity“, and not least her preoccupation with love. To a greater extent than figures more peripheral to the Pre-Raphaelite circle, Christina Rossetti produced works that appear to be dominated by the same aesthetic consc
18、iousness and literary values that make Pre-Raphaelitism the central movement which unintentionally spawned the aestheticism of the 1880s and 1890s. Pre-Raphaelitism, in fact, influenced aesthetic thought in a way that made the movement central to the transition from the sentimental moral idealism of
19、 the Victorian mainstream to the variously nihilistic, skeptical, and ironic value systems that dominate modern poetry. （分数：1.04）(1).Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：0.08）A.Rosetti and the Pre-Raphaelites: A HagiographyB.The Pre-Raphaelites: Diverg
20、ent Styles Within a MovementC.Rossetti and Her Influence: The Development of Victorian PoetryD.The Aesthetics of Religious Poetry: Rossettis ContributionE.Rossettis Estrangement from the Pre-Raphealites: An Exaggerated Notion(2).According to the passage, Rossettis verse and that of other Pre-Raphael
21、ites shares which of the following stylistic characteristics?（分数：0.08）A.A melancholy atmosphereB.The use of religious figural languageC.A rejection of the notion of sacrificeD.A preference for a Christian solution to aesthetic problemsE.An anti-orthodox iconoclastic approach(3).Thepassage supplies i
22、nformation for answering which of the following questions?（分数：0.08）A.How has Rossettis verse influenced more recent generations of poets?B.How did Rossetti seem to feel about the use of biblical images as a stylistic trait of Pre-Raphealite verse?C.What was the general response of Victoria to the ae
23、sthetic transition that Pre-Raphealite poetry effected?D.What was the basis for the Victorian problem of alienation and meaninglessness?E.Which Pre-Raphaelite held views most diametrically opposed to Rossettis?(4).The author of the passage offers all of the following as characteristics of Pre-Raphae
24、lite art whose significance was ignored in order to isolate Rossettis work as anomalous, EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：0.08）A.their sober toneB.their usage of the painterly idiomC.their cognizance of a religious influenceD.their minimalist sensibilityE.their medievalist atmosphere(5).Which of the following, if t
25、rue, might be an example of the “exceptions“ cited in the second paragraph of the passage?（分数：0.08）A.Despite the generally grave tone of her verse, Rossetti often used formal and cheerful language in her poetry.B.Rossetti, unlike her contemporaries, relied upon long cadences to express her mood as a
26、 poet.C.Rossetti often preferred rhyme schemes more complicated than those used by her peers.D.Rossettis work demonstrated a more broad-minded intelligence than that of many Pre-Raphaelites.E.Rossetti, in spite of her romantic aesthetic, made many more attempts at developing style less laden with se
27、ntimentality than that of other Pre- Raphaelites.(6).Rossettis “appreciation of the worlds physical beauty and its expression in lush images“ is most probably alluded to by the author as an example of which of the following?（分数：0.08）A.A sensibility that unites Rossetti to the rest of the Pre-Rapheal
28、ites.B.A sensibility that distinguish Rossetti as a more accomplished poet than her fellow Pre-Raphealites.C.A suggestion of the reasons behind her choice to rely upon Christian imagery.D.An aesthetic that was rather typical at the time for Victorian poets.E.An aesthetic that suggests Rossetti may h
29、ave had influences on poets peripheral to the Pre-Raphealite circle.(7).It can be inferred from the examples given in the passage that medievalist backgrounds were problematic for Victorians for which of the following reasons?（分数：0.08）A.They symbolized a reliance on irony that was typical not only o
30、f PreRaphaelite work but many other controversial movements.B.They concealed an uncomfortable infatuation with the notion of sacrifice.C.They avoided the sentimentality that was most revered and palatable at the time.D.They presented a challenge to the average Victorians reluctance to modernize and
31、become nihilistic.E.Rossetti relied on the colloquial and angst-ridden language of both generations of Pre-Raphaelites.(8).Which of the following, if true, would most likely weaken the significance of Mignot and Aldrichs research?（分数：0.08）A.The numbers of neurotransmitters and receptor levels differ
32、s widely between dog brains and human brains.B.Alterations in neurotransmitter and receptor levels might be the result of sleep disturbances, not the cause of it.C.A particular site in the brains frontal lobe is isolated where the bulk of the neurological damage occurs.D.Too few acetylcholine, dopam
33、ine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters exist in dog brains to establish their role in narcolepsy.E.An autoimmune dysfunction is conclusively proven to be the cause in a large but incomplete majority of narcolepsy cases.(9).According to the passage, scientists have positively confirmed that the bra
34、ins of narcoleptics differ from those of normal brains in which of the following ways?（分数：0.08）A.Narcoleptic brains tend to remove degenerative tissue at a more prolific rate than that of nonnarcoleptics.B.Narcoleptics are less responsive to drugs which treat neural autoimmune dysfunction than are n
35、onnarcoleptics.C.Nonnarcoleptics do not possess the same neurological immune antigens as narcoleptics.D.Neurons that control muscle tone are damaged in the brains of narcoleptics, but not in those of non-narcoleptics.E.Narcoleptics experience greater neural degeneration as a result of aging than do
36、nonnarcoleptics.(10).The passage supplies information to answer which of the following questions?（分数：0.08）A.Which species, human or dog, has greater numbers of the neurotransmitters that have been hypothetically linked to narcolepsy?B.At what age do human beings first experience the degenerative eff
37、ects of narcolepsy?C.What role do human leukocyte antigens perform for the human immune system?D.Why did Honda initially suspect that HLAs played a role in narcolepsy?E.Which of the researchers named in the passage isolated narcolepsy as a distinct syndrome?(11).It may be inferred from the passage t
38、hat by studying the brains of narcoleptic dogs, the author learned that -|_|-.（分数：0.08）A.neural degeneration may occur too early for scientists to be able draw many useful conclusions about itB.a loss of neurons would be undetectable unless the deadcellswere concentrated in a particular area of the
39、brainC.pathologists not only were researching the wrong stage of the disease process, but ignoring its unique effects on different speciesD.the brain tends through its natural processing to remove the effects of neural degenerationE.the theories of Aldrich and Mignot were largely correct, at least a
40、s far as dogs are concerned(12).The development of a thoroughly effective treatment for narcolepsy is regarded by the author as -|_|-.（分数：0.08）A.possible, but not very importantB.interesting, but too costly to be practicalC.promising, but many years offD.extremely unlikelyE.highly probable(13).The p
41、assage implies that research into the cause of human narcolepsy has been complicated by what aspect of the human brain?（分数：0.08）A.The tendency of certain neurons to resemble foreign matter that HLAs rejectB.A lack of apparent neurological damage caused by a tendency to remove debris through support
42、cellsC.Its susceptibility to diseases like Parkinsons and AlzheimersD.Its tendency to reject the drugs which scientists have developed to treat narcolepsys symptomsE.The effects of aging on the symptoms of the diseaseAir turbulence can substantially accelerate the appearance of large dropletstrigger
43、ing rain by presenting a new mechanism, the “sling effect“, which increases collisions of droplets that have become detached from the airflow. First, vapor condensation in cloud cores produces small droplets resembling one another in size, which then expand to raindrop size by coalescing under the e
44、ffects of air turbulencea force thought to cause collisions of similar-sized droplets whose radii exceed a few micrometers. Then, turbulent vortices act as small centrifuges that spin heavy droplets out, creating concentration heterogeneities and jets of droplets, both of which increase the mean col
45、lision rate, which in turn accelerates rain initiation. One can conclude that rain prediction requires a quantitative description of droplet collision in turbulence, a mechanism which helps meteorologists to forecast rainfall, but detailed understanding of the phenomenon entails consideration of suc
46、h factors as warm and cold fronts stretching over hundreds of miles, individual clouds perhaps a mile or so across, and even, as the mechanism illustrates, tiny eddies perhaps a few centimeters or so in size. （分数：-1.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：-0.25）A.explain and resolve a c
47、ontroversy among meteorologistsB.present and describe a recently discovered phenomenonC.suggest and prove a theory on the cause of a phenomenonD.describe and confirm research findings under questionE.discuss and evaluate the soundness of certain experimental observations(2).According to the passage,
48、 air turbulence generally does which of the following? . Creates small droplets of equal size to form in cloud cores. . Causes different concentrations of rain droplets to form in different places. . Speeds up the rate by which large droplets appear. （分数：-0.25）A. onlyB. onlyC. and onlyD. and onlyE., , and (3).According to the passage, rain prediction requires a quantitative description of droplet collision in turbulence for which of the following reasons?（分数：-0.25）A.The “sling effect“ remains unproven and requires experimental corrob
