1、GRE-8 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1-Analytical(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.Task 1: Issue ExplorationDirections: In 30 minutes, compose an essay on the following topic. You may not write on any other topic. Write your essay on the lined page that follows.The, topic is presented in a one- to two-sent
2、ence quotation commenting on an issue of general concern. Your essay may support, refute, or qualify the views expressed in the quotation. Whatever you write, however, must be relevant to the issue under discussion, and you must support your viewpoint with reasons and examples derived from your stud
3、ies and/or experience.Faculty members from various institutions will evaluate your essay, judging it on the basis of your skill in the following areas. Analysis of the quotations implications Organization and articulation of your ideas Use of relevant examples and arguments to Support your case Hand
4、ling of the mechanics of standard written EnglishTopic“If rituals did not exist, we would have to invent them. We need ceremonies and rituals to help us define ourselves socially and culturally.“（分数：10.00）_2.Task2: Argument AnalysisDirections: In 30 minutes, prepare a critical analysis of an argumen
5、t expressed in a short paragraph. You may not offer an analysis of any other argument. Write your essay on the lined page that follows.As you critique the argument, think about the authors underlying assumptions. Ask yourself whether any of them are questionable. Also evaluate any evidence the autho
6、r brings up. Ask yourself whether it actually supports the authors conclusion.In your analysis, you may suggest additional kinds of evidence to reinforce the authors argument. You may also suggest methods to refute the argument, or additional data that might be useful to you as you assess the soundn
7、ess of the argument. You may not, however, present your personal views on the topic. Your job is to analyze the elements of an argument, not to support or contradict that argument.Faculty members from various institutions will judge your essay, assessing it on the basis of your skill in the followin
8、g areas: Identification and assessment of the arguments main elements Organization and articulation of your thoughts Use of relevant examples and arguments to support your case Handling of the mechanics of standard written EnglishTopicThe following appeared in a letter to the editor in the journal H
9、ealth Matters.Statistics gathered over the past three decades show that the death rate is higher among those who do not have jobs than among those with regular employment. Unemployment, just like heart disease and cancer, is a significant health issue. While many health care advocates promote increa
10、sed government funding for medical research and public health care, it would be folly to increase government spending if doing so were to affect the nations economy adversely and ultimately cause a rise in unemployment. A healthy economy means healthy citizens.（分数：10.00）_二、Section 2 Verbal Rea(总题数：4
11、，分数：20.00)Directions: For each of the following sentences, select the two answers of the six choices given that, when substituted m the sentence, both logically complete the sentence as a Whole and create sentences that are equivalent to one another in meaning. Questions 1-6（分数：6.00）(1).Given the hu
12、man tendency to suspect and disbelieve in processes that take place below the level of consciousness, it is unsurprising that many students of organizational development _ the impact of the unconscious on business and political behavior and social dynamics. A. intimate B. acclaim C. applaud D. deny
13、E. gainsay F. acknowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Although the young author had the reputation of being excessively taciturn, he seemed not at all _ conversation. A. inclined to B. averse from C. capable of D. skilled at E. opposed to F. enamored of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).To Mrs. Trollope, writing
14、in the 1830s, nothing more clearly illustrated the _ pervading “the land of the free“ than the institution of slavery. A. sanctimoniousness B. conservatism C. hypocrisy D. rationality E. liberality F. orthodoxy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).To someone as phlegmatic as Paul, it was a shock to find himself
15、attracted to a woman so clearly his opposite in every way: a passionate activist, as _ in her enthusiasms as in her dislikes. A. dogmatic B. ardent C. haphazard D. wholehearted E. abstracted F. mistaken（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).Soap operas and situation comedies, though given to distortion, are so de
16、rivative of contemporary culture that they are inestimable _the attitudes and values of our society in any particular decade. A. contraventions of B. antidotes to C. indices of D. prerequisites for E. evidence of F. determinants of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Slander is like counterfeit money: many peop
17、le who would not coin it _ without qualms. A. hoard it B. invest it C. withdraw it D. circulate it E. spread it around F. complain about it（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.Directions: The next questions are based on the content of the following passage. Read the passage and then determine the best answer choice
18、 for each question. Base your choice on what this passage states directly or implies, not on any information you may have gained elsewhere.For each of Questions 7-10, select one answer choice unless otherwise instructed.Questions 7-10 are based on the following passage.With Merediths The Egoist we e
19、nter into acritical problem that we have not yet beforefaced in these studies. That is the problemLine offered by a writer of recognizably impressive(5) stature, whose work is informed by a muscu-lar intelligence, whose language has splendor,whose “view of life“ wins our respect, andyet for whom we
20、are at best able to feel onlya passive appreciation which amounts, prac-(10) tically, to indifference. We should be unjustto Meredith and to criticism if we should,giving in to the inertia of indifference, sim-ply avoid dealing with him and thus avoidthe problem along with him. He does not(15) “spea
21、k to us,“ we might say; his meaning isnot a “meaning for us“; he “leaves us cold.“But do not the challenge and the excitementof the critical problem as such lie in thatambivalence of attitude which allows us to(20) recognize the intelligence and even thesplendor of Merediths work, while, at thesame
22、time, we experience a lack of sympathy,a failure of any enthusiasm of response?（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, the work of Meredith is noteworthy for its elements of A. sensibility and artistic fervor B. ambivalence and moral ambiguity C. tension and sense of vitality D. brilliance and lingui
23、stic grandeur E. wit and whimsical frivolity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).All of the following can be found in the authors discussion of Meredith EXCEPT A. an indication of Merediths customary effect on readers B. an enumeration of the admirable qualities in his work C. a selection of hypothetical comments
24、 at Merediths expense D. an analysis of the critical ramifications of Merediths effect on readers E. a refutation of the claim that Meredith evokes no sympathy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the author finds the prospect of appraising Merediths work critically to be A
25、. counterproductive B. overly formidable C. somewhat tolerable D. markedly unpalatable E. clearly invigorating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the role of criticism? A. Its prime offi
26、ce should be to make our enjoyment of the things that feed the mind as conscious as possible. B. It should be a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world. C. It should enable us to go beyond personal prejudice to appreciate the virtues of works ant
27、ipathetic to our own tastes. D. It should dwell upon excellencies rather than imperfections, ignoring such deficiencies as irrelevant. E. It should strive both to purify literature and to elevate the literary standards of the reading public.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.Directions: Each of the following senten
28、ces or groups of sentences contains one, two, or three blanks. These blanks signify that a word or set of words has been left out. Below each sentence are columns of words or sets of words. For each blank, pick the one word or set of words from the corresponding column that best completes the text.（
29、分数：7.00）(1).Whereas off-Broadway theatre over the past several seasons has clearly U (i) /Ua talent for experimentation and improvisation, one deficiency in the commercial stage of late has been its marked incapacity for U (ii) /U Blank (i). manifested. lampooned. disavowedBlank (ii). orthodoxy. spo
30、ntaneity. burlesque（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Although she had received many compliments for her U (i) /Uin debate, at her inauguration as president of the student body she was surprisingly U (ii) /U Blank (i). candor. analysis. fluencyBlank (ii). inarticulate. inattentive. inconsiderate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3)
31、.Even though their subjects and approaches are quite different, each of these filmmakers takes great care to U (i) /Ua strong sense of place. In this way, they make their films intimate portraits of not only the characters but also the U (ii) /U Blank (i). reject. impart. vitiateBlank (ii). settings
32、 they emulate. families they abandon. spaces they inhabit（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In England after 1600, small bass viols called division viols began to U (i) /Ularger consort basses. They remained the dominant viol size until they U (ii) /Uduring the eighteenth century. Blank (i). impede. displace. circ
33、umventBlank (ii). went out of fashion. gained prominence. achieved closure（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The perpetual spinning of particles is much like that of a top, with one significant U (i) /U: unlike the top, the particles have no need to be wound up, for U (ii) /Uis one of their U (iii) /Uproperties. B
34、lank (i). difference. correlation. resultBlank (ii). circuitousness. rotation. collisionBlank (iii)G. intrinsicH. hypotheticalI. intangible（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Directions: The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Once you have read the passage, select the answer choice that be
35、st answers each question. Answer all questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin the passage.For each of Questions 16-20, select one answer choice unless otherwise instructed.Questions 16-17 are based on the following passage.How is a newborn star formed? For theanswer to this question, we
36、 must look to thefamiliar physical concept of gravitationalLine instability. It is a simple concept, long(5) known to scientists, having been first recog-nized by Isaac Newton in the late 1600s.Let us envision a cloud of interstellaratoms and molecules, slightly admixed withdust. This cloud of inter
37、stellar gas is static(10) and uniform. Suddenly, something occurs todisturb the gas, causing one small area withinit to condense. As this small area increases indensity, becoming slightly denser than the gasaround it, its gravitational field likewise(15) increases somewhat in strength. More matterno
38、w is attracted to the area, and its gravitybecomes even stronger; as a result, it starts tocontract, in process increasing in density evenmore, This in turn further increases its grav-(20) ity, so that it accumulates still more matterand contracts further still. And so the processcontinues, until fi
39、nally the small area of gasgives birth to a gravitationally bound object,a newborn star. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the information contained within it as A. controversial but irrefutable B. speculative and unprofitable C. uncomplicated and traditional D. original but
40、obscure E. sadly lacking in elaboration（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(7).Directions: For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. The author provides information that answers which of the following questions? A. How does the small areas increasing density affec
41、t its gravitational field? B. What causes the disturbance that changes the cloud from its original static state? C. What is the end result of the gradually increasing concentration of the small area of gas?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.Questions 18-20 are based on the following passage.The Quechua world is submerg
42、ed, so tospeak, in a cosmic magma that weighs heav-ily upon it. It possesses the rare quality ofLine being as it were interjected into the midst of(5) antagonistic forces, which in turn implies awhole body of social and aesthetic structureswhose innermost meaning must be theadministration of energy.
43、 This gives rise tothe social organism known as the ayllu, the(10) agrarian community that regulates the pro-curement of food. The ayllu formed the basicstructure of the whole Inca empire.The central idea of this organization was akind of closed economy, just the opposite of(15) our economic practic
44、es, which can bedescribed as open. The closed economyrested on the fact that the Inca controlledboth the production and consumption offood. When one adds to this fact the reli-(20) gious ideas noted in the Quechua texts citedby the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, onecomes to the conclusion that in
45、the Andeanzone the margin of life was minimal andwas made possible only by the system of(25) magic the Quechua constructed throughhis religion.Adversities, moreover, were numerous,for the harvest might fail at any time andbring starvation to millions. Hence the(30) whole purpose of the Quechua admin
46、istra-tive and ideological system was to carry onthe arduous task of achieving abundance andstaving off shortages. This kind of structurepresupposes a state of unremitting anxiety,(35) which could not be resolved by action. TheQuechua could not do so because his pri-mordial response to problems was
47、the use ofmagic, that is, recourse to the unconsciousfor the solution of external problems. Thus(40) the struggle against the world was a struggleagainst the dark depths of the Quechuasown psyche, where the solution was found.By overcoming the unconscious, the outerworld was also vanquished.(45) The
48、se considerations permit us to classifyQuechua culture as absolutely static or, moreaccurately, as the expression of a mere stateof being. Only in this way can we under-stand the refuge that it took in the germina-(50) tive center of the cosmic mandala as revealedby Quechua art. The Quechua empire wasnothing more than a mandala, for it w
