1、Environment 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：5.00)BPart A/BI You will hear a passage about the Kansas City computer system. Listen and complete the sentence in questions 6-10 with the information you ve heard. Write not more than 5 words in each numbered box. You will hear the re
2、cording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below./I（分数：5.00）(1).Noise is America s most widespread _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Noise constitutes a real and present danger to _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Noise can produce serious _ stress.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Legislators have made _ the basis of ma
3、ny noise reducing programs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The more subtle and more serious _ have been given much less attention.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What does “runoff“ mean?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What characteristics can be of a flood?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is the passage main
4、ly about?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).How much of all precipitation is runoff?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What forms flood plain?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart C/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)IQuestions 11-13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13./I（分数：3.00）(1).What do we learn about the us
5、e of solar energy in the USA?（分数：1.00）A.It is very well established.B.It is relatively new.C.It is found in one million homes.D.It is being rapidly expanded.(2).Which is not true about solar heat collector panels?（分数：1.00）A.They look like sandwiches.B.They can heat but not cool homes.C.They cost abo
6、ut 300 each.D.They are placed on rooftops.(3).How many solar heat panels do three or four bedroom homes usually need?（分数：1.00）A.Three or four.B.Five or six.C.Seven or eight.D.Twelve or more.IQuestions 14-16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16./I（分数：3.0
7、0）(1).What is the main topic of the lecture?（分数：1.00）A.Bicycles and cars.B.Building codes.C.Energy conservation.D.New housing construction.(2).Why is insulation required in new houses?（分数：1.00）A.To limit discussion on heating bills.B.To prevent heat loss.C.To determine temperature in homes.D.To conv
8、ert homes to electric heat.(3).What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south?（分数：1.00）A.To avoid direct sunlight.B.To limit space used.C.To keep out the cold.D.To conform to other houses.IQuestions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions
9、 17-20./I（分数：4.00）(1).What s the talk mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Green house effect.B.Garbage treatment.C.Environment protection.D.Over-packaging problem.(2).Whats the problem with paper napkins and plastic food wraps?（分数：1.00）A.They can t be recycled though they help people save time on housework.B.Th
10、ey become trash and therefore are harmful to the environment.C.They add cost to the product and thus make it more expensive.D.Sometimes they are not strong enough to hold the purchase.(3).What does the speaker suggest people should do when they go shopping?（分数：1.00）A.Avoid over-packaging products.B.
11、Use cloth napkins and cloth towels.C.Not buy any products with plastic wraps.D.Take their own bags to hold things in.(4).What can we do to avoid the waste of paper?（分数：1.00）A.Learn to make notepads from unused sides of paper.B.Cut down on paper consumption.C.Teach children not to litter.D.Stop using
12、 paper towels.四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the United States, theU (21) /Uto protect plant and animalU (22) /Uhas become aU (23) /Ucontroversial andU (24) /Upolitical issue since theU (25) /Uof the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act,U (26) /Uto protect species living areas, and policies t
13、hatU (27) /Uland and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990 s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States wereU (28) /Ulegally in theirU (29) /Uto cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge wasU (30) /Uto protect the endangered spotted owl, whose remain
14、ing population occupies these forests andU (31) /Uthe intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalistsU (32) /Uthose of corporations and of individuals whoU (33) /Uto lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters
15、-and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992.SimilarU (34) /Uexist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the
16、developing countries may beU (35) /U, with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is aU (36) /Uto temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes to Earth thatU (37) /Uscientists have the potential toU (38) /Uthe planet of its biological richness. The destruction o
17、f Earth s ozone layer, for example, couldU (39) /Uto the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming couldU (40) /Uspecies unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated internati
18、onal efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth s complex web life.（分数：20.00）A.requireB.needC.wantD.lackA.kindsB.speciesC.sortsD.typesA.highlyB.veryC.extremelyD.quiteA.sharplyB.bitterlyC.brightlyD.intenselyA.passageB.passingC.adoptionD
19、.carryA.intendedB.aimedC.designedD.plannedA.conserveB.defendC.preserveD.maintainA.confrontedB.defiedC.challengedD.questionedA.attemptB.trialC.endeavorD.ventureA.mountedB.advancedC.ascendedD.setA.commandsB.demandsC.wantsD.requiresA.againstB.toC.withD.forA.stoodB.boreC.got upD.continuedA.situationsB.t
20、ensionsC.circumstancesD.conditionsA.poorB.miserableC.impoverishedD.pitifulA.meansB.wayC.methodD.toolA.affectB.concernC.relate toD.troubleA.stealB.burglarizeC.robD.lootA.donateB.giveC.provideD.contributeA.wipe outB.eliminateC.abolishD.exterminate五、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BPassage 1/BThe destruc
21、tion of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and
22、 friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiat
23、ive for change. Where is industry s and our recognition that protecting mankind s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time
24、is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking
25、and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal
26、boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First
27、, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can a
28、ccomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists di
29、sregard environmental protection chiefly because _ .（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).T
30、he main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _ .（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollu
31、tionD.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The word “tunnel-visioned“ (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “ _ “.（分数：1.00）A.narrow-mindedB.short-sightedC.blind to the factsD.able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play
32、 the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industry s understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(5).Which of the
33、 following is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.B.More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.C.Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.D.Environmental degradation
34、 will be stopped by the end of this decade.BPassage 2/BIn the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-mirror-the glass in the roof of a green-house which allows the sun s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert s prediction, the atmosphere will be wa
35、rmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would le
36、ad to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.
37、But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antar
38、ctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warm the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now
39、 natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold“ spots (that is, the relatively less
40、 hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter of “colder“ faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulatio
41、n. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The prob
42、lem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of
43、carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the suns diminishing heat.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would _ .（分数：1.00）A.prevent the sun s rays from reaching the earth s surfaceB.mean a warming up in the ArcticC.accou
44、nt for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD.raise the temperature of the earth s surface(2).The article was written to explain _ .（分数：1.00）A.the greenhouse effectB.the solar effects on the earthC.the models of solar-weather interactionsD.the causes affecting weather(3).Although t
45、he fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is _ .（分数：1.00）A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB.possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC.exclusively due to the effect of the internal of the earth s climate
46、D.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy(4).On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth s climate to take effectC.the man-made warming e
47、ffect helps to increase the solar effectsD.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect(5).If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, _ .（分数：1.00）A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsB.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC.t
48、he increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthBPassage 3/BSmog is something combined by smoke and fog. London is always known for its “black fogs“. In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog rolled into the city. It soon turned into black smog as the smoke of the city
