1、Environment(环境)(一)及答案解析(总分：73.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）(1).What does the man probably do?（分数：1.00）A.An estate agent.B.An electrician.C.A plumber.D.A salesman.(2).What“s the woman“ s opinion?（分数：1.00）A.Many people were killed by noise pollution.
2、B.She doesn“t agree with the man.C.We should raise people“ s awareness of noise pollution.D.Noise pollution is not so serious as the psychological problem.(3).What are they talking about?（分数：1.00）A.The requirements of writing a thesis.B.The credit hours required for a certain degree.C.Taking selecte
3、d courses.D.Which department to study in.(4).Why is the man complaining?（分数：1.00）A.The show is very difficult to understand.B.The room is full of theatrical persons.C.The crowd is very noisy.D.The room is too small for the audience.三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following p
4、assage. （分数：4.00）(1).From which academy“ s findings, China Daily summarised the report?（分数：1.00）A.The Chinese Academy of Sciences.B.The Chinese Academy of Forestry.C.The Chinese Academy of Environment.D.BothA. andB(2).What do you know about acid rain from the report?（分数：1.00）A.It“ s a kind of atmosp
5、here.B.It“ s a kind of air pollution.C.It“ s a kind of moisture.D.It“ s a kind of noise pollution.(3).Which country is the world“ s third largest region to be affected by acid rain?（分数：1.00）A.Europe.B.North America.C.China.D.Japan.(4).How many percent of China“ s land area is now affected by acid ra
6、in?（分数：1.00）A.15.B.50.C.60.D.70.四、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Text The message of 1 such as this is 2 natural systems are complex, unpredictable: understanding them 3 patient observation and 4 analysis. The lack of these conditions explains why, in the early modern era, grass snakes were kille
7、d as venomous, and gardeners 5 worms because they 6 gnaw plant roots. The assumption that people “ought“ to know about such things is based on an urban-rural divide that opened up in the 18th century. For a 7 of centuries, city and country people did 8 separate realms. But the car, the phone, the me
8、dia and the Internet have contributed to the 9 tendency of what we call modern lifestyle; and the vast population 10 from cities into rural areas blurred the difference 11 urban and rural. Thus, a new word“rurban“ has been coined to 12 this condition. Most of us now work 13 or in an office, and 14 w
9、e are involved in our primary industries, we are 15 more likely to be staring 16 a computer than 17 with the landscape. Human life has turned generally into a 18 by work, sleep, shopping and TVall 19 identical 20 performed in town or country.（分数：20.00）A.studyB.studiesC.studyingD.studiedA.whichB.whoC
10、.thatD.whatA.retainsB.relievesC.requiresD.enquiresA.permanentB.carelessC.sensitiveD.carefulA.protectedB.caredC.destroyedD.collideA.were thought toB.thought toC.were thoughtD.thoughtA.pairB.coupleC.listD.lineA.inhabitedB.inhabitingC.inhabitsD.inhabitA.sameB.identicalC.similarD.unifyingA.gatheringB.ou
11、tflowC.flourishD.crowdA.betweenB.inC.toD.withA.prescribeB.describeC.showD.detailA.inlandB.innerC.inputD.indoorsA.if evenB.even ifC.ifD.thoughA.veryB.quietC.farD.fullyA.atB.toC.intoD.withA.communicateB.communicatingC.to communicateD.to communicatingA.multicultureB.bicultureC.anti-cultureD.monoculture
12、A.literallyB.activelyC.theoreticallyD.actuallyA.whetherB.ifC.weatherD.even五、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Urban life has always embraced a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stresses; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunit
13、ies to make money mean competition, and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of a huge number of people inevitably involves more conflict, more travelling, the overloading of public services and exposure to th
14、ose deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today“s convenience of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has direct relationship to the si
15、ze of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and imperson
16、al; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual; for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, a
17、ll these defensive forms of behaviour are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community“ s concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the
18、major causes of urban crime. Inner regions of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the subu
19、rbs and beyond. Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighbourhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by high, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been for
20、ced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structure is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. I
21、nstead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to preserve familiar landmarks.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _ .（分数：2.00）A.anxious to succeedB.in need of helpC.naturally aggressiv
22、eD.likely to commit crime(2).The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _ .（分数：2.00）A.people do not communicate with their neighbourB.criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsC.people feel anonymous thereD.the traps of success are attractive to criminals(3).The majority
23、 of people who live in inner cities do so because they _ .（分数：2.00）A.dislike having to travel far to workB.have been forced by circumstances to do soC.don“ t like the idea of living in the suburbD.have turned against society(4).Architectural changes have affected city life by _ .（分数：2.00）A.dispersin
24、g long-established communitiesB.giving the individual a say in planningC.forcing people to live on top of each otherD.making people move to the suburbs(5).The author“ s general argument is that urban life would be improved by _ .（分数：2.00）A.moving people out of tower blocksB.restoring old buildingsC.
25、building community centersD.preserving existing social system七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)G. F. Aland Many people regard Standard English as correct English. It is certainly the variety which is taught to foreign learners English and, in its written form, it represents the form which is found in most type
26、s of writingschool textbooks, government documents, newspapers and literature. But Standard English is only one variety among the many varieties of English, though it has acquired a special position among these varieties because it is used as the medium of education in England. Because of the positi
27、on of Standard English, it is often taken subconsciously as a norm in discussions of language acquisition, change and varieties. The effect of broadcasting has been to allow people to hear many different varieties of English from all over the world. Although this has not necessarily undermined the p
28、erceived status of Received Pronunciation, it perhaps has made it appear to speakers of the language that a high degree of variety exists and that many people, even quite distinguished ones, can use forms of spoken English which differ from those of Received Pronunciation. D. M. Richard A standard l
29、anguage is a variety of a language that is socially and culturally predominant and is generally accepted as the most proper form of that language. Written Standard English is, with minor differences, primarily in spelling the same word. However, with reference to the spoken language, the term Standa
30、rd English must be further qualified. The Standard English of New Zealand is by no means identical to the Standard English of Ireland. Indeed, even within a given country, what is considered standard may vary from area to area. Diversity among the regional dialects of England, particularly in pronun
31、ciation, is greater than in any other part of the world where English is spoken as a native language. English is also the only English-speaking nation with an official or quasi-official standard dialect, which we can call Standard British English(SBE This dialect is a social and educational, rather
32、than regional dialect. It is superimposed upon regional dialects; in effect, many of its users are bidialectal to some extent, able to speak both SBE and a regional dialect. SBE is the English taught in the public (that is, private. schools of England and Wales. David Alpher The rapid development in
33、 public broadcasting after about 1920 led in England and abroad to the establishment of BBC English as an actual spoken standard. This standard, alternatively known as Received Pronunciation, is that of a social and educational elite. Robert Claiborne But when we are communicating with “outsiders“,
34、and especially if we are communicating in writing, we will almost certainly do best with spoken Standard English. The reasons are very clear. To begin with, though most English speakers speak some nonstandard dialect, they almost certainly understand the educated speech of their region and, if they“
35、 re literate, written Standard English. (The latter, in fact, is acceptable currency almost anywhere in the English-speaking word.) The overwhelming majority of Englishlanguage publicationsnewspapers, magazines and booksare written, apart from some dialogue passages, in Standard English. The directi
36、ons and manuals that come with medicines, many foodstuffs, and the innumerable gadgets that enrich or complicate our lives are in Standard English. And the governmental and corporate bureaucrats that most of us have to correspond with from time to time deal in Standard, if often heavily jargonized E
37、nglish. In brief, Standard English is “better“ than other dialects because with it we can give information to and get information from, many more sources than with any other dialect. Gerald Knowles Standard English was for a long time essentially a written form of the language, but it did influence
38、the use of grammar and vocabulary in speech, and even pronunciation. In all parts of the country the UK, local forms and usages have been subject to displacement: as fashions have changed and new forms have been accepted in the standard language and have gradually spread to local dialects. The vast
39、majority of English speakers today have a standardized variety of English. Agreement on matters of pronunciation seems to have developed in the nineteenth century, especially in the public schools of the south of England. This has led to a widespread acceptance in England of one variety of pronuncia
40、tion as a standard and this is the type that was adopted in the 1920s for broadcasting by the BBC. It is known as Received Pronunciation, or more commonly as RP. An RP speaker is somebody whose speech belongs to England, but cannot be pinned down to any region of England. RP has had a powerful influ
41、ence on all regional varieties, but relatively few people actually speak it. Now match each of the persons with the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements. Statements A.Although RP has greatly influenced the regional dialects in UK, very few people actually speak it. B.Standard E
42、nglish is more efficient in communicating with other people than other dialects. C.A greater population speaks Standard English in UK. D.The standard language varies from country to country.E. An international standard language should be developed.F. BBC is the standard of the British social elite.G
43、. Standard English has a special position because it acts as the medium of education.（分数：5.00）(1).G. F. Aland（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).D. M. Richard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).David Alpher（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Robert Claiborne（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Gerald Knowles（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、P
44、art A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Wang Peng“ s friendJack has moved into his new house. So please write a congratulation letter to Jack on behalf of him. You should write about 100 words. （分数：15.00）_十、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)2.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less
45、 than 120 words on the topic of City Library. You should base your composition on the table below and give a clear description of the city library. City Library 4th floor Literature and the vast population 10 from cities into rural areas blurred the difference 11 urban and rural. Thus, a new word“ru
46、rban“ has been coined to 12 this condition. Most of us now work 13 or in an office, and 14 we are involved in our primary industries, we are 15 more likely to be staring 16 a computer than 17 with the landscape. Human life has turned generally into a 18 by work, sleep, shopping and TVall 19 identica
47、l 20 performed in town or country.（分数：20.00）A.studyB.studies C.studyingD.studied解析：解析 本题考查名词 study 的特殊用法。studies 研究，做名词用；studying，studied 均为分词形式；study 学习。故选 B。A.whichB.whoC.that D.what解析：解析 本题考查宾语从句先行词用法。应选 C。A.retainsB.relievesC.requires D.enquires解析：解析 本题考查动词词义辨异。retain 保持，保留；relieve 解除，缓解；require
48、 需要，要求；enquire 咨询，查询。故选 C。A.permanentB.carelessC.sensitiveD.careful 解析：解析 本题考查形容词词义解析。permanent 永久的，长期的；careless，粗心地，不细心的；sensitive 敏感的；careful 仔细的，细心的。故选 D。A.protectedB.caredC.destroyed D.collide解析：解析 本题考查动词词义辨析。通过后句“gnaw plant roots”可知虫子给人们带来了损失，故排除 A、B。collide 与撞击/矛盾；destroy 杀死，毁灭。故选 C。A.were tho
49、ught to B.thought toC.were thoughtD.thought解析：解析 本题考查被动语态用法。句中“they”代指“the worms”，故应用被动语态。后有动词gnaw，需用不定式 to 连接，故选 A。A.pairB.couple C.listD.line解析：解析 本题考查量词用法。pair 双，对；couple 双，对，可用 a couple of 表示两个，几个；list 列表，a list of 许多，大量；line 线条，故选 B。A.inhabitedB.inhabitingC.inhabitsD.inhabit 解析：解析 本题考查强调句用法。“do/does/did+动词原形”，故选 D。A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.unifying 解析：解析 本题考查近义词辨析。由后句意可知，人们的生活方式趋向一致了。再来看四个选项。same 同样的，一样的；identical 一致的，和谐的
