1、City及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：5.00)BPart A/BI For questions 1 -5, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions with the information youve heard. Write not more than 3 words in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the qu
2、estions below./I（分数：5.00）(1).Brighton is the largest seaside resort in the _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The town became popular in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The towns future as a tourist center was assured when it was visited by _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).There is a special exhibition in Brighton in _.（分数：1.00）填空项
3、1:_(5).Brighton, as a popular seaside resort, offers all kinds of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What kind of city is Tokyo?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What were the two disasters that destroyed the city of Tokyo?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Why were many new stadiums, parks, and hotels bui
4、lt?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Which problem is not mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart C/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)IQuestions 11 -13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11 -13./I（分数：3.00）(1).Who named the
5、 city New York?（分数：1.00）A.The English.B.Peter Minuit.C.The Indians.D.The Dutch.(2).Why did New York grow so rapidly?（分数：1.00）A.Because of its people.B.Because it is an old city.C.Because of its location.D.Because it has a lot of culture.(3).Which New York borough is not on an island?（分数：1.00）A.Manha
6、ttan.B.Queens.C.Brooklyn.D.The Bronx.IQuestions 14 -16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14 -16./I（分数：3.00）(1).What is the purpose of the talk?（分数：1.00）A.To encourage people to participate in a club activity.B.To introduce a new kind of bicycle.C.To inform
7、 the beginning cyclists about New Jerseys traffic law.D.To warn tourists about bicycling on the roadways.(2).According to the speaker, what makes New Jersey a good place to bicycle?（分数：1.00）A.Its large number of bicycle clubs.B.Its geographic variety.C.Its network of superhighways.D.Its mild climate
8、.(3).Why does the speaker mention the historical sites?（分数：1.00）A.Some of them are inaccessible to beginning cyclists.B.Some of them commemorate the development of the bicycle.C.They are nice places to visit on bicycle tours.D.They help to make New Jersey a wealthy state.IQuestions 17-20 are based o
9、n the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17-20./I（分数：4.00）(1).What is the population of Sydney according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.About 3 million.B.About 4 million.C.About 5 million.D.About 1 million.(2).Which of the following words is not used by authors to describe Sydne
10、y?（分数：1.00）A.Fascinating.B.Busy.C.Sophisticated.D.Exciting.(3).What is Sidneys most distinctive character according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It s a harbor city.B.It has a wealth of natural beauty.C.It has some famous constructions.D.It is the largest city in Australia.(4).How does the passage descr
11、ibe the people of Sydney?（分数：1.00）A.Bustling.B.Colorful.C.Friendly.D.Exciting.四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Hawaii, the newest state in the United States, is a U(21) /U of eight large islands and many small U(22) /U in the Central Pacific Ocean, about 2,200 miles west of San Francisco. Hawaii was
12、probably U(23) /U about 750 A. D. , by U(24) /U from the other Pacific islands. The first Europeans U(25) /U Americans to visit it were the British Captain James Cook and his U(26) /U in 1778. James named his discovery the Sandwich Islands U(27) /U the sponsor of his expedition, the Earl of Sandwich
13、. Twelve years later, the others from Europe and the new United States began to settle in the islands.These “westerners“ brought U(28) /U to Hawaii. They brought new diseases, which the Hawaiians had no U(29) /U to; they brought alcohol, which many Hawaiians became U(30) /U to; they brought a new re
14、ligion which U(31) /U the old values and forced the islanders to U(32) /U their old culture and U(33) /U to a new one.Many Americans settled in Hawaii, and in 1893, they U(34) /U the queen and U(35) /U Hawaii a republic. Sandford Dole, a missionarys son, was made president. In 1898, the United State
15、s U(36) /U the islands, and it became a U(37) /U of the United States in 1900.On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese U(38) /U Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack U(39) /U the entrance of the United States to the Second World War. In 1959, the United States Congress U(40) /U Hawaii to statehood, making it
16、 the fiftieth state in the United States. For the first time in about 200 years, Hawaiians were able to participate in the electoral process.（分数：20.00）A.groupB.bunchC.gatheringD.sortA.islandsB.kindsC.onesD.kindsA.colonizedB.inhabitedC.settledD.occupiedA.peopleB.menC.piratesD.seafarersA.andB.orC.as w
17、ell asD.thenA.bandB.crewC.crowdD.staffA.withB.asC.according toD.afterA.botherB.distressC.plagueD.troubleA.resistanceB.boycottC.conflictD.revoltA.fascinatedB.addictedC.enchantedD.captivatedA.extractedB.removedC.uprootedD.withdrawedA.departB.discardC.abandonD.evacuateA.agreeB.complyC.conformD.submitA.
18、defeatedB.destroyedC.overpoweredD.overthrewA.brandedB.madeC.createdD.builtA.took overB.tookC.receivedD.admittedA.areaB.territoryC.districtD.landA.attackedB.assaultedC.bombedD.raidedA.broughtB.tookC.lead toD.brought aboutA.admittedB.confessedC.consentedD.received五、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BPassa
19、ge 1/BThe changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nations “urban“ from its “rural“ population for the first time. “Urban population“ was defined as persons
20、living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants.Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of “urban“ to take account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons liv
21、ing in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Each su
22、ch unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitants or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, f
23、or general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000. Such an area included the county in which the central city is located, and adjacent counties that are found to be metropolitan in
24、 character and economically and socially integrated with the county of the central city. By 1970, about two-third of the population of the United States was living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the central cities.With the Census Bureau and the United
25、 States government used the term SMSA (by 1969 there were 233 of them), social scientists were also using new terms to describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple “towns“ and “cities“. A host of terms came into use: “metropolitan regions“, “polynucleared popu
26、lation groups“, “metropolitan clusters“, and so on.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.How cities in the United States began and developed.B.Solutions to overcrowding in cities.C.The changing definition of an urban area.D.How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census
27、.(2).Prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town have to have before being defined as urban?（分数：1.00）A.2,500B.8,000C.15,000D.50,000(3).According to the passage, why did the Census Bureau revise the definition of urban in 1950?（分数：1.00）A.City borders had become less distinct.B.Cities had undergo
28、ne radical social change.C.Elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.D.New businesses had relocated to large cities.(4).Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?（分数：1.00）A.It has a population of at least 50,000.B.It can include a citys outlying regions.C.It can include uninc
29、orporated regions.D.It consists of at least two cities.(5).By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA?（分数：1.00）A.3/4B.2/3C.1/2D.1/3BPassage 2/BBoston is a tiny place. Even when inner urban suburbs such as Cambridge, Brookline, Somerville, and Chelsea are
30、included, Greater Boston is still unusually small in scale for a major population center. That gives Boston much of its special flavor. Unfortunately, during times of great prosperity it also creates special challenges.Perhaps the most pressing of these challenges is housing. As the Phoenixs special
31、 package on housing shows, the apartment shortage in Greater Boston has reached crisis proportions. Since the mid 1990s, rents have gone up by 50 percent or more in some neighborhoods. And even at these grossly inflated prices, apartments are still nearly impossible to come by. Nevertheless, some mo
32、dest steps can be taken.Its the old not-in-my-backyard syndrome: everyone knows theres a housing shortage, but no one wants to see new housing come into his or her own neighborhood. USuch opposition can be eased by involving local residents in planning for new housing. The lesson is that bottom-up s
33、olutions invariably work better than top-down edicts./UBoston University, Boston College, Northeastern University, and MIT have taken major steps toward building housing for their students on their own campuses. During the 1960s and 70s, student housing spread into neighborhoods such as the Fenway (
34、near Northeastern) and Audubon Circle (near BU). Students kept such neighborhoods alive during those difficult years. But as neighborhoods become able to “thrive on their own“ , universities should be encouraged, wherever possible, to pull back, thus opening up neighborhood housing to long-term resi
35、dents.In his State of the City address in January, Mayor Tom Menino identified the housing crisis as his number-one priority, and named a respected legislator, Charlotte Richie, as his housing czar. In a recently published interview, Boston Redevelopment Authority head Tom O Brien spoke of the need
36、to preserve the diversity of Bostons neighborhoods, and identified the citys residential character as one of its saving graces. Yet the city has been missing in action. At the very least.Menino should make a concerted effort to ease the housing shortage in neighborhoods where the problem is particul
37、arly acute. More important, Menino has to realize that he cannot deal with housing as an “in box“ mayor, taking on an issue here, an issue there as they come up. He should work with officials in surrounding communities and convene a housing summit to consider a wide range of ideas.（分数：5.00）(1).The a
38、uthor thinks that Boston is a tiny place, because _.（分数：1.00）A.it has a small populationB.it covers a small piece of landC.it is unusually small in scale for a major population centerD.few people know about this city(2).The author has suggested the following solutions to the housing crisis, EXCEPT _
39、.（分数：1.00）A.involving grassrootsB.back to campusC.improving transportationD.governmental efforts(3).What does the author mean by “not-in-my-backyard syndrome ?（分数：1.00）A.You can do whatever you like so long as you dont bother me.B.It is none of my business, and I dont care about it.C.No new houses s
40、hould be built in my backyard.D.It is the mayors decision and I have no word in it.(4).The authors attitude towards the government is _.（分数：1.00）A.hopefulB.disappointedC.sarcasticD.bitter(5).The authors suggestion to the Mayor is _.（分数：1.00）A.to sit in his office and listen to reportsB.to visit thos
41、e bothered by lack of housing and listen to their complaintsC.to hold a meeting attended by high officials in his government and listen to their adviceD.to meet the mayors of nearby cities and listen to their opinionsBPassage 3/BNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public
42、 and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviou
43、s“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of you
44、r neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Smalltown residents are more involved with kin that are
45、 big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to di
46、splay psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If ne
47、ighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of more likely than their small-town counterparts to have
48、 a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements best descr
