1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 10 及答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Shooting molten rock more than 500 meters into the air, Etna sent streams of lava rushing down its northeastern and southern flanks. The eruption was accompanied by hundreds of earthquakes measuring up to 4.3 on the Richter scale. As
2、 a huge plume of smoke and ash drifted across the Mediterranean Sea, residents of Linguaglossa(the name means “tongues“ of lava)tried to ward off the lava flows by parading a statue of their patron saint through the towns streets. 1. But the episode was unnerving because it was so similar to an erra
3、tic eruption on the volcanos southern flank in the summer of 2001 that destroyed parts of a tourist complex and threatened the town of Nicolosi. Some of the lavas discharged in both events were of an unusual type last produced in large amounts at the site about 15,000 years ago. 2. The Sicilians liv
4、ing near Mount Etna have long regarded the volcano as a restless but relatively friendly neighbor. 3. But now some researchers believe they have found evidence that Etna is very gradually becoming more dangerous. It is unlikely that Etna will explode like Mount Saint Helens in the near future, but f
5、ierce eruptions may become more common. 4. Extensive reports and legends record about 3,000 years of the volcanos activity, but a reliable chronicle has been available only since the 17th century. Most of the earlier accounts are limited to particularly violent eruptions, such as those occurring in
6、122 B.C. and A.D. 1169, 1329, 1536 and 1669. During the eruption in 1669, an enormous lava flow buried part of the city of Catania before pouring into the sea. With a surface area of approximately 1,200 square kilometers, Etna is Europes largest volcano. Its 3,340-meter-high peak is often covered wi
7、th snow. 5. Blocks of this material are occasionally caught in the magma the molten rock moving upwardand ejected at the surface. Numerous blocks of white sandstone were blown out during the 2001 and 2002 eruptions. This phenomenon occurs whenever magma must open new paths for its ascent, as is usua
8、lly the case with lateral eruptions(those that occur on the volcanos flanks). The volcano is more than 500,000 years old. Remnants of its earliest eruptions are still preserved in nearby coastal regions in the form of pillow lavas, which emerge underwater and do in fact look like giant pillows. 6. T
9、oday a much steeper cone rests on the ancient shield volcano. It consists of at least five generations of volcanic edifices that have piled up during the past 100,000 to 200,000 years, each atop the remnants of its eroded or partly collapsed predecessor. 7. Among Etnas special features are the hundr
10、eds of small cinder cones scattered about its flanks. Each marks a lateral outbreak of magma. 8. A. Only the upper 2,000 meters consists of volcanic material; the mountain rests on a base of sedimentary rock beds. B. Perhaps because of divine intervention, nobody was hurt and damage was not widespre
11、ad. C. The name of “Etna“ is derived from an old Indo-Germanic root meaning “burned“ or “burning“. D. At first, a shield volcano so called because it resembles a shield placed face-up on the ground grew in a depression in the area where Etna now stands. E. One of the worlds most productive volcanoes
12、, Etna has spewed about 30 million cubic meters of igneous material each year since 1970, with a peak eruption rate of 300 cubic meters a second. F. At that time, a series of catastrophic eruptions led to the collapse of one of Etnas predecessor volcanoes. G. Though persistently active, Etna has not
13、 had a major explosive eruption such as the devastating 1980 event at Mount Saint Helens in Washington State for hundreds of years. H. The present-day cone has been built in the past 5,000 to 8,000 years.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Todays career assumptions are
14、you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role. A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America: management phobia. 1 “I hated all the meetings,“ says a 10-year award-winning manager, And I found the more you did for people who wor
15、ked for you, the more they expected. 2 With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if youre on the technical side. 3 In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adamss popular cartoon characteras well as many television sitcoms routinely portraying managers as m
16、orons or enemies, they just dont get much respect anymore. Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. 4 But in todays global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch. 5There are far fewer
17、rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to climb. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks. Furthermore, managers now must supervise many people who are spread over different locations, even over different c
18、ontinents. 6 In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. 7 Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs, of course. 8 A. Many people dont want to be a manager
19、and many people who are managers are, frankly, itching to jump off the management track or have already. B. Its a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too. C. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view t
20、heir organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies. D. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance, marketing and technical people reporting to them. E. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist. F. Employers are looking for people who c
21、an do things, not for people who make other people do things. G. American Management Association surveys say three middle managers are laid off for every one being hired. H. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrati
22、ve executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_1While both have a large element of chance, in the long run the winner is the man who plays with steady skill. In both games ult
23、imate victory requires intimate knowledge of the rules, insight into the psychology of the other players, self-confidence, a considerable amount of self-discipline, and the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to opportunities provided by chance. No one expects poker to be played on the ethica
24、l principles preached in churches. 2 The man who keeps an ace up his sleeve or who marks the cards is more than unethical; he is a crook, and can be punished as such kicked out of the game or, in the Old West, shot. In contrast to the cheat, the unethical poker player is one who, while abiding by th
25、e letter of the rules, finds ways to put the other players at an unfair disadvantage. Perhaps he bothers them with loud talk. 3Ethical poker players frown on such tactics. 4The game calls for distrust of the other fellow. It ignores the claim of friendship. Cunning deception and concealment of ones
26、strength and intentions, not kindness and openheartedness, are vital in poker. 5And no one should think any the worse of the game of business because its standards of right and wrong differ from the prevailing traditions of morality in our society. That most businessmen are not indifferent to ethics
27、 in their private lives, everyone will agree. My point is that in their office lives they cease to be private citizens; they become game players who must be guided by a somewhat different set of ethical standards. The point was forcefully made to me by a Midwestern executive who has given a good dea
28、l of thought to the question: “So long as a businessman complies with the laws of the land and avoids telling harmful lies, he is ethical. If the law as written gives a man wide-open chance to make a killing, he would be a fool not to take advantage of it. 6There is no obligation on him to stop and
29、consider who is going to get hurt. If the law says he can do it, thats all the justification he needs. There is nothing unethical about that. 7 I think it is fair to sum up the prevailing attitude of businessmen on ethics as follows: We live in what is probably the most competitive of the worlds civ
30、ilized societies. Our customs encourage a high degree of aggression in the individuals striving for success. Business is our main area of competition, and it has been made into a game of strategy. The basic rules of the game have been set by the government, which attempts to detect and punish busine
31、ss frauds. But as long as a company does not break the rules of the game set by law, it has the legal right to shape its strategy without reference to anything but its profits. 8 A. No one thinks any the worse of poker on that account. B. We can learn a good deal about the nature of business by comp
32、aring it with poker. C. If he doesnt, somebody else will. D. Poker has its special ethics, and here I am not referring to rules against cheating. E. Its just plain business sense. F. Or he tries to get them drunk. G. Decisions in this area are, finally, decisions of strategy, not of ethics. H. Poker
33、s own brand of ethics is different from the ethical ideals of civilized human relationships.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 10 答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Shooting molten rock more than 500 meters into the air, Etna sent streams of
34、 lava rushing down its northeastern and southern flanks. The eruption was accompanied by hundreds of earthquakes measuring up to 4.3 on the Richter scale. As a huge plume of smoke and ash drifted across the Mediterranean Sea, residents of Linguaglossa(the name means “tongues“ of lava)tried to ward o
35、ff the lava flows by parading a statue of their patron saint through the towns streets. 1. But the episode was unnerving because it was so similar to an erratic eruption on the volcanos southern flank in the summer of 2001 that destroyed parts of a tourist complex and threatened the town of Nicolosi
36、. Some of the lavas discharged in both events were of an unusual type last produced in large amounts at the site about 15,000 years ago. 2. The Sicilians living near Mount Etna have long regarded the volcano as a restless but relatively friendly neighbor. 3. But now some researchers believe they hav
37、e found evidence that Etna is very gradually becoming more dangerous. It is unlikely that Etna will explode like Mount Saint Helens in the near future, but fierce eruptions may become more common. 4. Extensive reports and legends record about 3,000 years of the volcanos activity, but a reliable chro
38、nicle has been available only since the 17th century. Most of the earlier accounts are limited to particularly violent eruptions, such as those occurring in 122 B.C. and A.D. 1169, 1329, 1536 and 1669. During the eruption in 1669, an enormous lava flow buried part of the city of Catania before pouri
39、ng into the sea. With a surface area of approximately 1,200 square kilometers, Etna is Europes largest volcano. Its 3,340-meter-high peak is often covered with snow. 5. Blocks of this material are occasionally caught in the magma the molten rock moving upwardand ejected at the surface. Numerous bloc
40、ks of white sandstone were blown out during the 2001 and 2002 eruptions. This phenomenon occurs whenever magma must open new paths for its ascent, as is usually the case with lateral eruptions(those that occur on the volcanos flanks). The volcano is more than 500,000 years old. Remnants of its earli
41、est eruptions are still preserved in nearby coastal regions in the form of pillow lavas, which emerge underwater and do in fact look like giant pillows. 6. Today a much steeper cone rests on the ancient shield volcano. It consists of at least five generations of volcanic edifices that have piled up
42、during the past 100,000 to 200,000 years, each atop the remnants of its eroded or partly collapsed predecessor. 7. Among Etnas special features are the hundreds of small cinder cones scattered about its flanks. Each marks a lateral outbreak of magma. 8. A. Only the upper 2,000 meters consists of vol
43、canic material; the mountain rests on a base of sedimentary rock beds. B. Perhaps because of divine intervention, nobody was hurt and damage was not widespread. C. The name of “Etna“ is derived from an old Indo-Germanic root meaning “burned“ or “burning“. D. At first, a shield volcano so called beca
44、use it resembles a shield placed face-up on the ground grew in a depression in the area where Etna now stands. E. One of the worlds most productive volcanoes, Etna has spewed about 30 million cubic meters of igneous material each year since 1970, with a peak eruption rate of 300 cubic meters a secon
45、d. F. At that time, a series of catastrophic eruptions led to the collapse of one of Etnas predecessor volcanoes. G. Though persistently active, Etna has not had a major explosive eruption such as the devastating 1980 event at Mount Saint Helens in Washington State for hundreds of years. H. The pres
46、ent-day cone has been built in the past 5,000 to 8,000 years.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：解析：前一句讲到了 Etna 火山的一些特点，最后一句 E 句进一步描述了 Etna 火山是如何成为世界上最活跃的火山的。Todays career assumptions are you can
47、 get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role. A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America: management phobia. 1 “I hated all the meetings,“ says a 10-year award-winning manager, And I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected. 2 With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if youre on the technical side. 3 In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adamss popular cartoon characteras well as many television sitcoms routinely portraying managers
