1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 8及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences AH the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on the Answer Sheet. To understand the nature of the liberal ar
2、ts college and its function in our society, it is important to understand the difference between education and training. Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers and teachers to perform specific ta
3、sks necessary to its operation, just as it needs carpenters and plumbers and stenographers. 1And these needs, our training centers the professional and trade schools fill. But although education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of under
4、standing, of perception, and wisdom. 2They serve society by examining its function, appraising its needs, and criticizing its direction. They may be earning their livings by practicing one of the professions, or in pursuing a trade, or by engaging in business enterprise. They may be rich or poor. 3W
5、ithout them, however, society either disintegrates or else becomes an anthill. The difference between the two types of study is like the difference between the discipline and exercise in a professional baseball training camp and that of a Y gym. In the one, the recruit is training to become a profes
6、sional baseball player who will make a living and serve society by playing baseball. 4The training at the baseball camp is all-relevant. The recruit may spend hours practicing how to slide into second base, not because it is a particularly useful form of calisthenics but because it is relevant to th
7、e game. 5Similarly, the candidate for the pitching staff spends a lot of time throwing a baseball, not because it will improve his physique it may have quite the opposite effect but because pitching is to be his principal function on the team. 6The intention is to strengthen the body in general, and
8、 when the members sit down on the floor with their legs outstretched and practice touching their fingers to their toes, it is not because they hope to become galley slaves, perhaps the only occupation where that particular exercise would be relevant. In general, relevancy is a facet of training rath
9、er than of education. What is taught at law school is the present law of the land, not the Napoleonic Code or even the archaic laws that have been scratched from the statute books. And at medical school, too, it is modern medical practice that is taught, that which is relevant to conditions today. 7
10、 In the liberal arts college, on the other hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. 8A. At the Y gym, exercises have no such relevance.B. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to change the stud
11、ent, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the Y gym is to make a fat man into a thin one, or a strong one out of a weak one.C. And the plumber and the carpenter and the electrician and the mason learn only what is relevant to the practice of their respectiv
12、e trades in this day with tools and materials that are presently available and that conform to the building code.D. Training supplies the immediate and specific needs of society so that the work of the world may continue.E. And in the other, he is training only to improve his own body and musculatur
13、e.F. The exercise would stop if the rules were changed so that sliding to a base was made illegal.G. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, the instigators of our progress.H. They may occupy positions of power and prestige, or they may be
14、 engaged in some humble employment.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the following article and answer questions 918 on the next page. Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack
15、 and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The programs trust fund will have a
16、$4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easy making the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely.2. Social Securit
17、y was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what th
18、e venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us “more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us.“3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in
19、this country have come about in fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, “No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelts original Social Security Act. If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me
20、 would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start.“4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of
21、 legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know today a program like Medicare that people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for Americas Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge the
22、ir support to Social Security this election season opposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP(American Association
23、 of Retired Persons)poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire.5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededi
24、cating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone.Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. For each numbered parag
25、raph(1-5), mark one letter(AG)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Difficulty in implementing social reforms in USB. Grand celebration plan for Social SecurityC. Financial capacity of the present Social SecurityD. Progressives contribution to Social SecurityE. Impact of Roosevelts N
26、ew Deal reformsF. Social Securitys development and popularityG. Public confidence in new social reforms（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information
27、in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(AG)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. the candidates of this electionB. the wealthyC. the financial deficitD. a system of sustainable securityE. the progress
28、ivesF. todays social security systemG. the ups and downs of the market（分数：10.00）(1).To enhance Social Security, everyone should contribute, especially 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Roosevelts New Deal reforms established 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Roosevelts Social Security Act paved the way for 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1
29、:_(4).The Social Security program would gain the support from 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Those who proposed to cut social benefits argue that they increased 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. At the time Jane Austins nove
30、ls were published between 1811 and 1818 English literature was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify
31、with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Coleridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that “novel-reading occasions the destruction of the minds powers.“ These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little a
32、ttention from early nineteenth-century literary critics.(In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention.)The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in
33、1816 on novelistic portrayals “outside of ordinary experience“, for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austins fiction. “Her novels“, wrote Scott, “present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century
34、 Flemish Painting.“ Scott did not use the word “realism“, but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels, the critic Whately didnt use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scotts evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruc
35、tion in what we have called Austins realistic method. “Her characters“, wrote Whately, “are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own.“ “Moral instruction“, explained Whately, “is more likely to be
36、 effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator“. Whitely especially praised Austins ability to create characters who “mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled.“ Whitely concluded
37、 his remarks by comparing Austins art of characterization to Dickens, stating his preference to Austins. Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth century critics. An example of such a response w
38、as Lewes complaint in 1859 that Austins range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace.(Twentieth-century, Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw a
39、s her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class.)In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.（分数：14.00）(1).The prim
40、ary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic onesB.argue that realistic character portrayals the novelists most difficult task as well as the aspect of a novel most likely to elicit critical responseC.urge a reas
41、sessment of Jane Austins novels by twentieth-century literary criticsD.describe some of the responses of nineteenth-century critics to Jane Austins novels as well as to fiction in general(2).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?（分数：2.00）A.Was Whately aware
42、of Scotts remarks about Jane Austins novels?B.Who is an example of a twentieth-century Marxist critic?C.Who is an example of a twentieth-century critic who admired Jane Austins novels?D.What is the authors judgment of Dickens?(3).The author mentions that English literature “ was not part of any acad
43、emic curriculum“ in the early nineteenth century in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.emphasize the need for Jane Austin to create ordinary, everyday characters in her novelsB.contrast nineteenth-century attitudes toward English literature with those toward classical literatureC.give one reason why Jane Austins
44、 novels received little critical attention in the early nineteenth centuryD.give support to those religious and political groups that had attacked fiction(4).The passage suggests that twentieth-century Marxists would have admired Jane Austins novels more if the novels, as the Marxists understood the
45、m, had_.（分数：2.00）A.described the values of upper-middle class societyB.portrayed characters from more than one class of societyC.avoided moral instruction and sermonizingD.anticipated some of the controversial social problems of the twentieth century(5).It can be inferred from the passage that Whate
46、ly found Dickens characters to be_.（分数：2.00）A.less liable than Jane Austins characters to have a realistic mixture of moral qualitiesB.less susceptible than Jane Austins characters to the moral judgments of a sermonizing narratorC.ordinary persons in recognizably human situationsD.especially interes
47、ting to young readers(6).According to the passage, the lack of critical attention paid to Jane Austin can be explained by all of the following nineteenth-century attitudes toward the novel EXCEPT the_.（分数：2.00）A.assurance felt by many people that novels weakened the mindB.certainty shared by many po
48、litical commentators that the range of novels was too narrowC.lack of interest shown by some critics in novels that were published anonymouslyD.fear exhibited by some religious and political groups that novels had the power to portray immoral characters attractively(7).The author would most likely agree that which of the following is the best measure of a writers literary success?（分数：2.00）A.Praise of the writers work by religious and political groups.B.Inclusion of the writers work in an academic c
