1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 27 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Ice Cream Tester Has a Sweet Job John
2、Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in America. Hes the official taster for Edys Grand Ice Cream, one of the nations best-selling brands. His taste buds are insured for $1 million. He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edys headquarters in Oakland, California. 1 But the life of an ice c
3、ream taster, I realized after I met him last week, isnt all Cookies n Cream a flavor which Harrison invented, by the way. 2 For one thing, he doesnt swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off“ flavors, he takes a smallish bite, swishes it around to int
4、roduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds, smack-smack-smacks his lips to aerate the sample, and then gently inhales to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. 3 Then, no matter how heavenly it is, he deposits it into a trash can. 4 During the workweek, other sacrifices must be made: no onion
5、s, garlic or cayenne pepper; and no caffeine. 5 But its all a small price to pay for what he calls the worlds best job. 6 Yet, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. 7On these occasions, he swallows, consuming about a quart weekly. Americans eat 23.2 quarts person of ice cream an
6、d other frozen diary products annually. 8Vanilla, the best-selling variety. You should never call it plain vanilla. Its a very complex flavor, he says. The night after we met, I had a plain salad for dinner and sadly thought about my future. I have to either do what Harrison does learn to spit inste
7、ad of swallow or start interviewing more celery growers. A. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. B. With each step, hes evaluating whether the ice cream conveys a harmonious balance of dairy, sweetness and added ingredients the three flavor components of
8、ice cream. C. What flavor does the best-trained ice-cream palate in America prefer? D. And when he isnt doing that, he travels, buying Edys in supermarkets all over the country so that he can spot check for perfect appearance, texture and flavor. E. He even orders it in restaurants for dessert. F. A
9、 full stomach makes for a dull palate. G. No, its rigorous work, requiring discipline and selflessness. H. His family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
10、:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the following magazine article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. The Burden of Thirst 1. AylitoBinayos feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning, she can rundown the rocks to the river by starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up t
11、o her village with a container of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day since she was a small child. So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of south-western Ethiopia in Africa. 2. In developed parts of the world, people turn on a tap and out p
12、ours abundant, clean water. Yet nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5 billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of proper hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually, most of the
13、m children. 3. Bringing clean water close to villagers homes is the key to the problem. Communities where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All the hours previously spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise more animals or even start a business. Famil
14、ies spend less time sick or caring for family members who are unwell. Most important, not having to collect water means girls can go to school and get jobs. The need to fetch water for the family, or to take care of younger siblings while their mother goes, usually prevents them ever having this exp
15、erience. 4. But the challenges of bringing water to remote villages like those in Konso are overwhelming. Locating water underground and then reaching it by means of deep wells requires geological expertise and expensive, heavy machines. Abandoned wells and water projects litter the villages of Kons
16、o. In similar villages around the developing world, the biggest problem with water schemes is that about half of them break down soon after the groups that built them move on. Sometimes technology is used that cant be repaired locally, or spare parts are available only in the capital. 5. Today, a UK
17、-based international non-profit organisation called Water Aid is tackling the job of bringing water to the most remote villages of Konso. Their approach combines technologies proven to last - such as building a sand dam to capture and filter rainwater that would otherwise drain away. But the real in
18、novation is that Water Aid believes technology is only part of the solution. Just as important is involving the local community in designing, building and maintaining new water projects. 6. The people of Konso, who grow their crops on terraces they have dug into the sides of mountains, are famous fo
19、r hard work. In the village of Orbesho, residents even constructed a road themselves so that drilling machinery could come in. Last summer, their pump, installed by the river, was being motorised to push its water to a newly built reservoir on top of a nearby mountain. From there, gravity will carry
20、 it down in pipes to villages on the other side of the mountain. Residents of those villages have each given some money to help fund the project. They have made concrete and collected stones for the structures. Now they are digging trenches to lay pipes. If all goes well, AylitoBinayo will have a ta
21、p with safe water just a three-minute walk from her front door. Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A-G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Failure of
22、 some projects B. A possible success C. Anew management style D. Some relevant statistics E. A regular trip for some people F. Treatment for disease G. Water in peoples lives（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1
23、（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. build a sand dam B. fetch water C. maintain the
24、m D. drink contaminated water E. install the pump F. have a tap with safe water G. do other meaningful things（分数：10.00）(1).Women in the village of Foro have to climb up and down the mountains to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Nearly 900 million people in the world have to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The time spent
25、 collecting water for the villagers can be used to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).In villages of the developing world, the biggest problem with water schemes is how to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).With the help of local people, Konso in the near future will 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the followi
26、ng article from a newspaper and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on your Answer Sheet. Are You Afraid of MOOCs? Are MOOCs and other online materials a threat to quality public higher education, and to our role as professors? The me
27、mbers of the philosophy department at San Jose State University think so. They recently issued an open letter to Michael Sandel, a professor of Harvard University, objecting to his role in encouraging the use of MOOCs at public universities. The controversy stems from San Jose States contract with e
28、dX, a company that provides MOOCs, including one based on Sandels course on justice at Harvard. San Jose State has agreed to use materials provided by edX, but the philosophy department has refused to use Sandels online lectures in its courses. Though MOOCs are still new, many of the arguments prese
29、nted by the San Jose State philosophy professors do not ring true in light of my experience. We should begin by distinguishing two issues. The philosophy professors state that they have felt pressured by their administration to use the materials from Sandels course. The administration denies exertin
30、g any such pressure. Whatever the truth of the matter, that is an issue of academic freedom, and not about the pedagogical merits of using MOOCs and other online materials. I certainly agree that professors should be, responsible for the content and pedagogy in their own courses. The real issue, the
31、n, is whether the availability and use of online materials, whether through MOOCs or through other channels, is a threat to quality education, especially at public universities. Many of the arguments presented in the letter presuppose an either/or, all-or-nothing approach when it comes to face-to-fa
32、ce versus online teaching. But the whole point of a hybrid, or blended, course is that it combines both. And it is difficult to see why it makes a great deal of difference whether the online content is delivered via a MOOC or not. Nothing will ever replace the face-to-face discussions that occur in
33、the classroom. But in many traditional, on-campus courses, little discussion occurs. In a lecture course with hundreds, or even just scores, of students, much of the time in the classroom is inevitably spent with the professor lecturing and the students(hopefully)taking notes-or at least listening a
34、ttentively. In courses with a significant lecture component, the advantages of using online lectures are undeniable. I know from my own experience that, if my attention wanes for a few moments, it is very convenient to simply go back and play a portion again. One can do the same if one doesnt quite
35、understand something the first time. And one need not miss material to take a bathroom break. The availability of high-quality online lectures is an opportunity to rethink how we spend our time in the classroom. If an online lecture presents the material, or walks students through an argument, we ar
36、e freed to spend more time discussing the aspects of the material that are most difflcult-or most interesting. We can do other kinds of activities that we might not have time for if we felt obliged to present the material in the traditional way. Yes, hybrid courses usually involve less face-to-face
37、time, but that time can be better and more effectively spent. The crucial thing is that the instructor remains in the drivers seat -and that takes us back to academic freedom. As long as individual professors are choosing what material to assign or recommend, running their in-class discussions and a
38、dding material that they think is not adequately covered in the online lectures, choosing the assignments and tests, and grading those tests, there is no threat to the professoriate, or to the quality of education at universities, public or otherwise.（分数：14.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage
39、is to _.（分数：2.00）A.encourage the utilization of MOOCsB.emphasize the importance of MOOCsC.criticize MOOCs for its inconvenienceD.expose the unreliability of MOOCs(2).The controversy at San Jose State University is caused by the professors _.（分数：2.00）A.requirements for the MOOCsB.expenses on the MOOC
40、sC.opposition to the MOOCsD.misuse of the MOOCs(3).According to the author, the two issues that should be first distinguished are _.（分数：2.00）A.academic freedom and content diversificationB.academic freedom and educational meritsC.administrative pressure and faculty responsibilityD.administrative pre
41、ssure and teaching methodology(4).The author thinks online materials may _.（分数：2.00）A.threaten quality educationB.replace classroom teachingC.be combined with traditional teachingD.reduce offline teaching load(5).One major advantage of online courses over the traditional ones is that they _.（分数：2.00
42、）A.motivate more students to learnB.require less time and concentrationC.provide more activities for teachersD.can be replayed when needed(6).With the help of online lectures, professors can _.（分数：2.00）A.use the classroom time more effectivelyB.have more face-to-face time with studentsC.develop more
43、 materials for offline instructionD.enjoy more free time and breaks between classes(7).The underlined part of the last paragraph indicates that the role of professors is _.（分数：2.00）A.to learn how to drive vehiclesB.to design and manage the courseC.to control everything in the classroomD.to develop a
44、nd offer their own online courses四、Part 4(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Read the following text and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Recycling Paper The process of recycling paper can help to reduce deforestation and energy consumptio
45、n on a significant scale. There are many different reasons why we should recycle paper products, and some of these are【C1】_in the paragraphs below. Energy consumption will always be on the【C2】_as population levels grow, and so any manufacturing processes which help to reduce energy consumption are【C
46、3】_ The Energy Information Administration(EIA)claim that there can be as【C4】_as a 40% energy saving when recycling paper over producing paper【C5】_the direct raw material. Although recycling paper has many【C6】_, it also has its drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is that we cannot recycle the【C7】_paper
47、 product for eternity, as the fibers contained within the paper degrade over time,【C8】_their strength and length. On【C9】_, an individual paper fiber can only be recycled a【C10】_of six times. Although this is a significant drawback, the six time recycling process will help to【C11】_a great deal of ene
48、rgy when you consider【C12】_much paper there is to be recycled. If paper fibers can be recycled up to 6 times, and we recycled all paper products, this could help to【C13】_the intensity of deforestation for paper products up to a factor of 6. With paper production said to【C14】_around 40% of harvested wood, and paper said to【C15】_around 90% wood, you can see how recycling paper is an important process for the【C16】_of our forests. Today, the use of
