1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 23 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Sleeping in Space A voyage to Mars wou
2、ld take about eight months on a modern spaceship. That might seem like a great opportunity to catch up on your sleep. 1 “If we at some point really want to go to Mars and we want to send humans, then we need to know how they will cope,“ Mathias Basner told Science News. He is a sleep researcher at t
3、he University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia. 2 Their experiment was like a long-running game of make-believe: Six men spent 520 days a little more than 74 weeks on a pretend voyage to Mars. In fact, the crew spent the entire time confined inside a small, windowless cap
4、sule in Moscow, Russia. 3 During their “trip,“ the travelers pretended to land on Mars and to carry out science tests. Throughout the pretend trip, other scientists collected data on the travelers. 4Once every minute, that device recorded the mans motions. From these data, Basners team found that th
5、e volunteers were less active and slept more as the pretend mission continued. During the last 18.5 weeks of the trial, most participants were sleeping more each day than they had during the first 18.5 weeks. 5One mans natural sleep cycle shifted from a roughly 24-hour day to almost 25 hours long.(B
6、y coincidence, that time is closer to the length of a day on Mars.)This meant that he was sometimes awake when his crew members were asleep, and vice versa. 6Tests showed that he became less alert. Messing with sleep can have serious consequences, says Jeffrey Sutton. 7He also directs the Center for
7、 Space Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. “When you are doing high-risk behavior in space, a performance deficit can be life threatening, he told Science News. The decrease in activity found by Basners team could also prove problematic in space, says Sutton. 8 A. Hes a doctor and
8、 scientist who worked on the study. B. Another one of the six pretend travelers slept less over time. C. His team published its new findings in early January. D. Each participant wore a device on his wrist. E. Astronauts may need to increase their exercise to stay healthy. F. But a recent experiment
9、 finds that people may develop sleep problems on a long space journey or at least on the pretend trip in these tests. G Four of the men also developed sleep problems. H. The goal of this trial: to learn how people would cope with living in close quarters during travel to and from the Red Planet.（分数：
10、16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security 1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who
11、would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The programs trust fund will have a $4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and ca
12、n pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easymaking the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely. 2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin D
13、elano Roosevelt)s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David
14、Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us “more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us.“ 3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come aboutin fits
15、and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, “No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelts original Social Security Act. If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious,
16、 mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start.“ 4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressiv
17、es built on to create the program we know todaya program like Medicarethat people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for Americas Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this ele
18、ction seasonopposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP(American Association of Retired Persons)poll shows the vast
19、 majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire. 5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social
20、Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone. Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on you
21、r Answer Sheet Do not mark any letter twice. A Difficulty in implementing social reforms in US B Grand celebration plan for Social Security C Financial capacity of the present Social Security D Progressives contribution to Social Security E Impact of Roosevelts New Deal reforms F Social Securitys de
22、velopment and popularity G Public confidence in new social reforms（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-
23、18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14 -18), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. the candidates of this election B. the wealthy C. the financial deficit D. a system of sustainable security E. the progressives F. todays social security s
24、ystem G. the ups and downs of the market（分数：10.00）(1).To enhance Social Security, everyone should contribute, especially 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Roosevelts New Deal reforms established 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Roosevelts Social Security Act paved the way for 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The Social Security prog
25、ram would gain the support from 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Those who proposed to cut social benefits argue that they increased 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the following article and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on
26、your Answer Sheet Small, Imperfectly Formed One has to look a long time for an American politician of any political stripe who has failed to laud small businesses. Still, many have little clue as to what makes such businesses succeed or fail. Federal agencies aimed at helping small business, such as
27、 the Small Business Administration and the Minority Business Development Agency, have been around for half a century, yet persistent differences remain between the performance of businesses founded by white, male entrepreneurs and the rest. Blacks are less likely to be self-employed, for example, an
28、d when they are their businesses, on average, have lower sales and profits than do their white-or Asian-owned counterparts. If researchers could explain the causes of these differences, policy-makers could(at least in theory)supply small businesses with more useful help. Two researchers for the Cens
29、us Bureaus Centre for Economic Studies, Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan, recently published a working paper attempting to understand demographic differences behind small businesses success and failure. They concentrated on the years 2002 to 2005, with three databases at their disposal: the Survey of Busi
30、ness Owners, conducted every five years; the Longitudinal Foreign Trade Transaction Database, which includes every US export transaction between 1992 and 2005; and a database co-developed by Mr. Jarmin, which allowed the authors to track whether the owners of the firms in their sample had prior expe
31、rience being their own bosses. By drawing from on the power of the Censuss data collection efforts, the authors hoped to create a more nuanced picture of business survival. Some of their findings were not terribly surprising. A firms chances of survival, regardless of the race or sex of its owner, d
32、ecreased in poorer areas; and the better the education of the founder, the more likely it was to succeed. Businesses owned by Asians, Hispanics, or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be exporters. Older entrepreneurs were more likely to use personal savings to start their businesses; younger owne
33、rs were more likely to have to close up shop during the study period than were their middle-aged rivals. However, the data also confirmed that black and female owned businesses tended to perform worse than the average. They were also less likely to have been funded by bank loans. Still, the business
34、es that survived, regardless of the owners race, tended to add employees at similar rates. Furthermore, after controlling for factors such as the education and race of the owner, there was no statistically significant difference in firms abilities to expand into different locations. Finally, black e
35、ntrepreneurs were more likely to have a history of self-employment than their white counterparts. Messrs Jarmin and Krizans paper is not the first to suggest that black entrepreneurs, less likely to have other business owners in their family or personal networks, tend to “start small“ when they vent
36、ure out on their own. Most researchers get to end their papers by speculating, usually without much fear of consequence, as to the policy implications of their work. The authors of this paper, not wishing to imply that the Census Bureau might have policy opinions, declined to do so. But the reader c
37、an make some guesses. One is that mentorship programmes may be particularly useful for promoting entrepreneurship among blacks. Another is that reaching out to businesses based on the owners race might be less useful than supporting businesses in poorer areas. And small businesses of all stripes wou
38、ld be helped by improving that other institution lauded by politicians: Americas education system.（分数：14.00）(1).Most politicians in the U.S. _.（分数：2.00）A.have had some experiences in running a small businessB.have made great efforts in helping small businessesC.have paid little attention to small bu
39、sinessesD.have spoken highly of small businesses(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most small businesses are operated by white people.B.Federal agencies have failed in giving small businesses much help.C.Small businesses run by white male people are generally more profitable.D.
40、More federal agencies aimed at helping small businesses will be established.(3).When working on their paper Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan _.（分数：2.00）A.built up three databasesB.mainly studied the data of four yearsC.interviewed the owners of some small businessesD.found the Survey of Business Owners es
41、pecially helpful(4).According to Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans paper, it is true that _.（分数：2.00）A.older entrepreneurs were more keen on saving moneyB.education played a role in running a small businessC.a business run by a black was less likely to survive in a poor areaD.younger entrepreneurs spent m
42、ore time on study(5).One of Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans surprising findings is that _.（分数：2.00）A.successful businesses didnt show much difference in recruitment ratesB.locations were essential for small businesses success or failureC.most black entrepreneurs had a history of self-employmentD.female-
43、owned businesses were the least likely to survive(6).One of the problems black owners and female owners faced was _.（分数：2.00）A.poor educationB.low work efficiencyC.lack of family backupsD.difficult access to bank loans(7).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.the education system in
44、the U.S. needs improvingB.the Census Bureaus Centre is sponsored by the governmentC.U.S researchers dont have much say in how the country is runD.mentorship programs have been proved unsuccessful四、Part 4(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Read the following article and choose the best word, for each space. For question
45、s 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Internet Clones Youku isnt the Chinese YouTube and Renren isnt the Chinese Facebook. That realization hasnt【C1】_on investors, who continue to pile into Chinese Internet stocks with【C2】_discrimination. The Chinese Internet story certainly is
46、 compelling. With more than 450 million online, the Chinese Web boasts more【C3】_than any other in the world. Brokerage CLSA expects that number to increase to more than 800 million by 2013.【C4】_important, rising incomes and low levels of e-commerce penetration mean online sales and advertising shoul
47、d increase .【C5】_an even faster clip. Mainstays of the sector Baidu and Sina have more than doubled in【C6】_in the past 12 months. Online-video platform Youku【C7】_.nearly doubled since its trading debut in December, 2010. Social-networking site Renren hopes to【C8】_$584 million when it【C9】_on the New
48、York Stock Exchange in May. But not all Internet firms are created equal. Despite a passing similarity to U.S. peers, the Chinese newbies are【C10】_by the comparison. Take Youku, which, according to Internet research firm Analysis,【C11】_for just 20% of Chinas fragmented online-video space.【C12】_numbers vary, YouTube commands a much larger share of the U.S. online-video market yet it remains unclear【C13】_profitable it is. Renren, meanwhile, start
