1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 16 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Theres a story in Texas about the rancher who complained when a well
2、 driller found oil instead of the water he had been sent to look for. “Cattle cant drink that stuff!“ the rancher cried. That story is no longer funny. We are short of both oil and water, but the water shortage is worse. 1And we are using water a great deal faster than it is being replaced. The repl
3、acement rate is dependent on rainfall(sometimes in the form of snow)to resupply rivers, lakes, and ground water. 2Worse, droughts are occurring more frequently and are increasing in severity, not only in the United States but also abroad. Even without droughts, rainfall is insufficient to maintain a
4、 balance. 3So much water has been taken from the Colorado River by Arizona and California that Mexico has complained that those states have exceeded the U.S. share under a 1944 treaty on water-sharing. Southern Californians also have elaborated arrangements to transport water from the Pacific North
5、west, which has it in abundance, to their area, which doesnt have nearly enough to support its population. 4 Short of a fanciful solution, the U.S. has two broad options, neither pleasant. We can conserve or we can produce. The former is inconvenient or worse: less irrigation(and thus less food), fe
6、wer swimming pools golf courses, and green lawns. 5In the quantities necessary, this would probably require nuclear power. It is technically feasible, but expensive, and was considered 30 years ago as a joint U.S.-Mexican project in the Gulf of California to alleviate the Colorado river problem. As
7、more of it is done, the cost could be expected to come down; and as we became more desperate for water, we would be more willing to pay the cost even if it didnt come down. 6This is an arrangement whereby large landowners would sell the groundwater under their land, for whatever the market would bea
8、r, to cities that might be hundreds of miles distant. This would involve the considerable cost of pipeline construction and would mean faster depletion of groundwater reserves. 7 Its a good bet that during the 21st century some new arrangements are going to have to be made about the nations and the
9、worlds water supplies. These are likely to be neither cheap nor easy. They are more likely to be cheaper and easier if we have thought about them in advance. 8We have been sued to choices of guns or butter. This one might be water or meat.A. A century ago, a drought affected only farmers and perhaps
10、 inland navigation; now it affects everybody.B. The Northwest is showing signs of getting tired of this drain.C. It is not too soon to begin.D. We cannot live without oil in the style to which we have become accustomed, but we cannot live at all without water.E. Rivers are running dry, especially in
11、 the West.F. It would also mean less food production.G. A solution currently being advanced in west Texas is a concept called “Water Ranching“. H. The latter is expensive: desalinization of seawater.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the fo
12、llowing passage and answer questions 9-18.1. From Dr. R.S. Scorer of Britains Imperial College of the Science comes the latest theory about the lighting flashes. Dr. Scorer believes the cause is hail failing through super cooled clouds. Ice particles bouncing off the falling hail acquire a positive
13、charge and rise to the top of the cloud while the hail carries a negative charge to the bottom of the cloud.2. According to Dr. Scorer, Benjamin Franklin first proved thunderclouds are charged with electricity. Later investigations showed that the tops of the clouds have a great positive charge and
14、the bottoms have great negative charge.3. When the charges became great enough to break the insulating properties of the air, lighting flashes carry the electricity within the cloud, or from cloud to cloud, or from cloud to earth. But the question remained: How do the charges develop within the clou
15、d.4. To seek the cause, Dr. Scorer and his colleagues at the college first duplicated thundercloud current in a liquid tank. They found the mixture takes place only in the tops of the clouds.5. Next a study of thunderclouds over the North Atlantic showed that the lighting occurs only when the temper
16、ature around cloud is below freezing. Particles at the top of the clouds begin to freeze but those in the remainder of the cloud stay unfrozen although below freezing temperature. In the laboratory, S.E. Reynolds whirled a refrigerated rod through ice particles and found that the particles bounced o
17、ff the rod acquired a positive charge. This was a missing link. Without hail and super cooled clouds, he concluded, there could be no lighting.Questions 9-13 For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(15), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer She
18、et. Do not mark any letter twice.A. How the lightning flashes come about.B. To measure moisture, scientist did the experiment.C. Two discoveries based on Dr. Scorers theory.D. Significance of Benjamin Franklins discovery.E. Experiments were done to find the cause of lightning.F. Dr. Scorer found the
19、 cause of lightning flashes.G. The continuing study of lightning flashes.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information in the text, complete eac
20、h sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. copyB. a positive chargeC. a negative chargeD. super cooled cloudsE. falling hail cloudsF. hail and super cooled cloudsG. moisture particles（
21、分数：10.00）(1).According to Dr. Score , lightning is caused by hail falling through 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The refrigerated rod served the same functions as 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Ice particles bouncing off hail falling through a cloud acquire 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).In the paragraph four the word “duplic
22、ated“ means 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to S.E. Regnolds, there could be no lightning without 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the following article from a book and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Home Is Where the Tongue Is For
23、all the pressures and rewards of regionalization and globalization, local identities remain the most ingrained. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more intimate local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, ma
24、yor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, “Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties there will be to ones roots and ones land.“ In most communities, local languages such as Poignants Breton serve a strong symbo
25、lic function as a clear mark of “authenticity“. The sum total of a communitys shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a perceived line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the communitys origins. A concern for authenticit
26、y leads most secular Israelis to champion Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a centr
27、al core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the “threat“ that globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward sy
28、stems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious ardor. As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smalle
29、r languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American lang
30、uages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements arc fiercely political and frequently involve staunch resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four
31、 official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy. In addition to invoking the subjective importance of local roots, proponents of
32、 local languages defend their continued use on pragmatic grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of ones own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can als
33、o use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow
34、 and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers and readers of local languages be multi-literate.（分数：14.00）(1).In Paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayors word to show that globalization _.（分数：2.00
35、）A.strengthens local identitiesB.weakens regionalizationC.strengthens individualismD.weakens local attachments(2).The word “authenticity“ in Paragraph 2 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.a strong symbolic cultural functionB.a communitys shared historical experienceC.a general association of language and tradit
36、ionsD.a line of development from past to the present(3).The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it _.（分数：2.00）A.weakens the authority of authenticityB.hinders the development of authenticityC.enhances the importance of authenticityD.promotes the maturity of authenticity(4).Locals resi
37、stance to the threat of globalization may result in _.（分数：2.00）A.the revival of some dying languagesB.the increase of formal Internet communitiesC.movements and projects to protect local rightsD.campaigns and champions of various groups(5).America differs from Spain and Mexico in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it
38、s volunteers have enough sponsorship from the stateB.its locals are not interested in finding native AmericansC.its youths are eager to pass on the local traditionsD.its movements are not political(6).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Pragmatically, local languages are less us
39、ed than English.B.Local languages are more important in daily life.C.The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are.D.The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.(7).Local language users need to _.（分数：2.00）A.go abroad to master another languageB.champion those dying l
40、anguagesC.learn a language besides their local languagesD.strengthen local languages to defeat English四、Part 4(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Read the following article and choose the best word for each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Long-Term Care Crisis The apparent
41、 demise of the Class Act leaves many middle-income Americans【C1】_to cope with rising expenses【C2】_long-term care for family members, The Times reported on Tuesday. Unlike the rich, who can afford to pay for services themselves, or the poor, who get help【C3】_Medicaid, the federal and state program fo
42、r low-income people, many members of the middle class have to look【C4】_disabled relatives themselves, or pay someone to do it. Polls show that many people believe that Medicare, the federal health program for those 65【C5】_older, pays for such care.【C6】_, Medicare stops paying nursing【C7】_bills after
43、 100 days. More than 10 million people in the United States already have long-term care【C8】_, and two-thirds of the costs are paid for by government programs,【C9】_Medicaid. Studies estimate that unpaid family members deliver an even【C10】_share of the care, and the cost of nursing home care averages
44、$72,000,a year. The Class Acts ambitions were undercut by an impractical structure that doomed it from the【C11】_experts and government actuaries say. Its【C12】_harks back to an attempt by President Ronald Reagan and a Democratic Congress to protect the elderly from catastrophic medical expenses and p
45、rovide a modest prescription drug benefit and somewhat【C13】_nursing home care. That law, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, was repealed within months of enactment after a furious response by elderly voters angry that they had to【C14】_for the benefits themselves through a tax mostly pai
46、d【C15】_the wealthy. In a famous【C16】_, Representative Dan Rostenkowski, an Illinois Democrat who was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, was booed and chased【C17】_a Chicago street by a group of elderly people, one of【C18】_draped herself over the hood of his car. The repeal legis
47、lation created a commission to examine the issue of long-term care, but it【C19】_the appetite of many in Congress to resolve the issue. The Clinton health plan made another attempt at improving long-term care, but the bill failed. And now the demise of the Class Act is【C20】_history.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】
48、（分数：2.00）A.struggleB.strugglesC.struggledD.struggling(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.withD.over(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.betweenC.throughD.within(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.behindC.uponD.before(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.andB.exceptC.butD.till(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.FirstlyB.EventuallyC.ActuallyD.Essentially(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.expertB.careC.programD.home(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.plansB.needsC.applicationsD.funds(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.namelyB.entirelyC.mostlyD.part
