1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 10及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the following passage. Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences AH the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on the Answer Sheet. Most people associate inflation with price
2、 increases on specific goods and services. 1We must be careful to distinguish the phenomenon of inflation from price increases for specific goods. 2 Suppose you wanted to know the average price of fruit in the supermarket. 3You might have some success, however, if you sought out the prices of apples
3、, oranges, cherries, and peaches. Knowing the price of each kind of fruit, you could then compute the average price of fruit. The resultant figure would not refer to any particular product, but would convey a sense of how much a typical basket of fruit might cost. 4On occasion, you might even notice
4、 that apple prices rose while orange prices fell, leaving the average price of fruit unchanged. The same kinds of calculations are made to measure inflation in the entire economy. We first determine the average price of all outputthe average price levelthen look for changes in that average. 5 The av
5、erage price level may fall as well as rise. 6The deflation occurs when price decreases on some goods and services outweigh price increases on all others. 7We already noted, for example, that the price of apples can rise without increasing the average price of fruit, so long as the price of some othe
6、r fruit(e.g. oranges)falls. 8An increasing in the relative price of apples, for example, simply means that apples have become more expensive in comparison with other fruits(or any other goods or services).A. Because inflation and deflation are measured in terms of average price levels, it is possibl
7、e for individual prices to rise or fall continuously without changing the average price level.B. A decline in average price is called deflation.C. A rise in the average price level is referred to as inflation.D. In such circumstances, relative prices are changing, but not average prices.E. The econo
8、my is not necessarily experiencing an inflation, however, every time the price of a cup of coffee goes up.F. Surely you would not have much success in seeking out an average fruit nobody would be quite sure what you had in mind.G. Inflation is an increase in the average level of prices, not a change
9、 in any specific price.H. By repeating these calculations every day, you could then determine whether fruit prices, on average, were changing.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the following article and answer questions 9 -18 on the next pa
10、ge. Apples: The Live Longer Fruit0. Apples have been a product of healthy eating for many years, and the often-repeated line of an apple a day keeping the doctor away is far from a myth. Apples really do have a wonderful variety of nutritional benefits, and are a tasty addition to any diet of good h
11、ealth and longevity. Below is a list of the top five benefits of making apples a standard part of your daily diet.1. Pectin(果胶)is a source of dietary fiber and a very handy nutrient to have in ones diet. While it is also found in oranges, plums, and other fruits, apples have the highest concentratio
12、n of them all. Pectin works to increase the stools volume and resistance of fluids and is therefore helpful in treating constipation, diarrhea, and generally improving the health of the bowels(肠).2. A study on nutrition and heart disease found that eating three apples a day for three months can help
13、 you to drop your cholesterol by at least 20 points. How does this happen? Apple pectin, that miraculous source of dietary fiber, helps to draw bad LDL cholesterol out of the system. Not only that, but the antioxidant quercetin(栎皮酮)that is found in apples inhibits the LDL cholesterol from even accum
14、ulating in the bodys bloodstream.3. The high amounts of quercetin, other flavonoids(类黄酮), and phytochemicals(植物化学因子)found in this fruit deliver potent antioxidant activity to all who eat an apple, and with that inhibit the actions of free radicals. In addition, the phytochemicals may act against can
15、cer-causing substances, which will likewise help to prevent cancer. This means that apple eating prevents cancer of the prostate(前列腺)and lung, as well as other parts of the body.4. There may have been many generations of explorers that sought the fountain of youth, but all they had to do was fight t
16、he daily stresses of life with a tasty apple! The phytochemicals that come from the bright colors you find in the skins of your favorite apple variety, along with aiding the apples ability to lower cholesterol and fight cancer, also inhibits the onset of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease,
17、 and other conditions that lead to potentially weakening situations in old age.5. If keeping a full head of hair will help you to age more gracefully, then chow down on some apples. Chinese medicine considers hair loss to be a sign of a reduced kidney essence, and apples are on the list of fruits an
18、d vegetables that will help you to restore this essence and nourish the blood that flows to your hair follicles(毛囊).Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do n
19、ot mark any letter twice.A. Apples lower cholesterol.B. Apples benefit young and old.C. Apples slow the aging process.D. Apples reduce the risk of cancer.E. Apples help to prevent hair loss.F. Apples enrich peoples diet.G. Apples improve the bowels.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Par
20、agraph 2: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. D
21、o not mark any letter twice.A. different colorsB. hair folliclesC. dietary fiberD. antioxidant activityE. their cholesterolF. hair lossG. free radicals（分数：10.00）(1).Apples provide people with 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Eating apples enable people to drop 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Apple eating is conducive to
22、 the inhibition of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The skins of different kinds of apples may appear in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).A common problem in the elderly is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the following article and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B,
23、 C or D. Mark your answer on your Answer Sheet. Small, Imperfectly Formed One has to look a long time for an American politician of any political stripe who has failed to laud small businesses. Still, many have little clue as to what makes such businesses succeed or fail. Federal agencies aimed at h
24、elping small business, such as the Small Business Administration and the Minority Business Development Agency, have been around for half a century, yet persistent differences remain between the performance of businesses founded by white, male entrepreneurs and the rest. Blacks are less likely to be
25、self-employed, for example, and when they are their businesses, on average, have lower sales and profits than do their white-or Asian-owned counterparts. If researchers could explain the causes of these differences, policy-makers could(at least in theory)supply small businesses with more useful help
26、. Two researchers for the Census Bureaus Centre for Economic Studies, Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan, recently published a working paper attempting to understand demographic differences behind small businesses success and failure. They concentrated on the years 2002 to 2005, with three databases at thei
27、r disposal: the Survey of Business Owners, conducted every five years; the Longitudinal Foreign Trade Transaction Database, which includes every US export transaction between 1992 and 2005; and a database co-developed by Mr Jarmin, which allowed the authors to track whether the owners of the firms i
28、n their sample had prior experience being their own bosses. By drawing from on the power of the Censuss data collection efforts, the authors hoped to create a more nuanced picture of business survival. Some of their findings were not terribly surprising. A firms chances of survival, regardless of th
29、e race or sex of its owner, decreased in poorer areas; and the better the education of the founder, the more likely it was to succeed. Businesses owned by Asians, Hispanics, or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be exporters. Older entrepreneurs were more likely to use personal savings to start t
30、heir businesses; younger owners were more likely to have to close up shop during the study period than were their middle-aged rivals. However, the data also confirmed that black-and female-owned businesses tended to perform worse than the average. They were also less likely to have been funded by ba
31、nk loans. Still, the businesses that survived, regardless of the owners race, tended to add employees at similar rates. Furthermore, after controlling for factors such as the education and race of the owner, there was no statistically significant difference in firms abilities to expand into differen
32、t locations. Finally, black entrepreneurs were more likely to have a history of self-employment than their white counterparts. Messrs Jarmin and Krizans paper is not the first to suggest that black entrepreneurs, less likely to have other business owners in their family or personal networks, tend to
33、 “start small“ when they venture out on their own. Most researchers get to end their papers by speculating, usually without much fear of consequence, as to the policy implications of their work. The authors of this paper, not wishing to imply that the Census Bureau might have policy opinions, declin
34、ed to do so. But the reader can make some guesses. One is that mentorship programmes may be particularly useful for promoting entrepreneurship among blacks. Another is that reaching out to businesses based on the owners race might be less useful than supporting businesses in poorer areas. And small
35、businesses of all stripes would be helped by improving that other institution lauded by politicians: Americas education system.（分数：14.00）(1).Most politicians in the U.S._.（分数：2.00）A.have had some experiences in running a small businessB.have made great efforts in helping small businessesC.have paid
36、little attention to small businessesD.have spoken highly of small businesses(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most small businesses are operated by white people.B.Federal agencies have failed in giving small businesses much help.C.Small businesses run by white male people are
37、generally more profitable.D.More federal agencies aimed at helping small businesses will be established.(3).When working on their paper Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan_.（分数：2.00）A.built up three databasesB.mainly studied the data of four yearsC.interviewed the owners of some small businessesD.found the S
38、urvey of Business Owners especially helpful(4).According to Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans paper, it is true that_.（分数：2.00）A.older entrepreneurs were more keen on saving moneyB.education played a role in running a small businessC.a business run by a black was less likely to survive in a poor areaD.you
39、nger entrepreneurs spent more time on study(5).One of Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans surprising findings is that_.（分数：2.00）A.successful businesses didnt show much difference in recruitment ratesB.locations were essential for small businesses success or failureC.most black entrepreneurs had a history of
40、 self-employmentD.female-owned businesses were the least likely to survive(6).One of the problems black owners and female owners faced was_.（分数：2.00）A.poor educationB.low work efficiencyC.lack of family backupsD.difficult access to bank loans(7).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.t
41、he education system in the U.S. needs improvingB.the Census Bureaus Centre is sponsored by the governmentC.U.S researchers dont have much say in how the country is runD.mentorship programs have been proved unsuccessful四、Part 4(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Read the following text and decide which answer best fits
42、each space. For questions 2645, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet Nuclear Age The Oyster Creek nuclear plant in New Jersey opened when the Beatles were still together, and since 1969 its single 645MW boiling-water reactor has provided enough energy to power 600,000 homes annually. Bu
43、t the oldest nuclear plant in the U.S. will be retired a little【C1】_Last year its owner, Exelon. announced that it would【C2】_Oyster Creek in 2019, 10 years ahead of schedule. The reason: the【C3】_plant costs too much to keep running【C4】_. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster has focused new attenti
44、on on the【C5】_future of the American atomic sector. But the U.S. nuclear industry was already facing a very【C6】_problem: its aging fleet of reactors. Nuclear plants were built with 40-year licenses that can theoretically be【C7】_to 60 or even 80 years. Half the countrys 104 reactors are more than 30
45、years old and【C8】_middle age. So far, 62 plants have been【C9】_20-year extensions, and 20 more have applications pending【C10】_like the one in Fukushima, the oldest plants in the U.S. 【C11】_to have fewer safety measures. If regulators crack down, operators could【C12】_-as Exelon did with Oyster Creek t
46、hat upgrading is not worth the【C13】_and shut down the plants If no new nuclear plants are built to【C14】_them, nuclear could fade into obsolescence. Ironically, that could have【C15】_environmental effects. A report by the Breakthrough Institute, an energy think tank, found that replacing all U.S. nucl
47、ear【C16】_a mix of coal and gas would raise carbon【C17】_9% by 2030. “We need to understand that there would be【C18】_to pulling back on nuclear,“ says Michael Levi, a senior fellow for energy and the environment at the Council on Foreign Relations.【C19】_a great athlete, nuclear power may be【C20】_after
48、 it retires.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.easilyB.trulyC.earlyD.clearly(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.closeB.changeC.sellD.return(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.demandingB.agingC.promisingD.amazing(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.safelyB.quicklyC.frequentlyD.typically(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hopelessB.greatC.brightD.troubled(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.newB.oldC.differentD.technical(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.adjustedB.appliedC.extendedD.stored(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.developingB.presentingC.accept
