1、BFT 考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)-20 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading(总题数：5，分数：90.00)Happy Customers: Matter of Honor among JapaneseIn an age when personal service as a significant aspect of merchandising is dying out in the Untied States, Japan clings tenaciously to it. Service is viewed by people in Jap
2、an not as a luxury, but as an essential ingredient for the success of individual companies and the Japanese economy as a whole.Americans who move to Japan never get used to the range of services and courtesies taken for granted here. (1) Supermarket check-out counters have two or three people ringin
3、g up and bagging groceries. Some stores deliver, with each bag arriving neatly stapled closed. (2) Television shops normally send a technician to install and fine-tune a newly purchased set. (3) Car salespeople are known to bring new models around to customers homes for test drives and loaners are a
4、vailable for people whose cars are in for repairs.There are no limits to what is home-delivered video movies, dry cleaning, health foods, rented tailcoats (this last one requires tow visits from the sales staff, first for a fitting, second for delivery of the altered and freshly pressed garment). (4
5、) Japanese barbers often give back massages as part of an ordinary haircut. (5) Department stores seem to have twice, if not three times the floor staff of American ones. (6) Upscale customers dont have to come in at all the goods are taken to their homes for display and selection.Perhaps the darkes
6、t spot on personal service in Japan is how remarkably impersonal it can be. Everyone is treated exactly alike. (7) After a months stay in a hotel, guests may find the staff still has no idea who they are.Still, the Japanese view service as the glue that holds commercial relationships together. If th
7、e correct personal contact and follow-up come with the first sale, a second is sure to come. Market share and loyal customers are the first goal, not short-term profit. (8) A. The technician will rush back if anything goes wrong.B. If they remove a customers eyeglasses, they may polish the lenses be
8、fore returning them.C. Employees cheery greetings and directions, in fact, are often memorized from a company manual.D. Many stores wrap everything they sell.E. Service may cost but it helps ensure these more important objectives.F. Dry ice is inserted alongside the frozen foods to ensure that they
9、dont spoil on the way.G. Office deliveries are common, too, especially of lunch.H. To those old enough to remember how things used to be at home, life can bring on twinges of nostalgia.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_New Yorks Setback Expected to Be Deeper than Nati
10、ons1. It probably came as no surprise to most New Yorkers that the nation had officially slipped into a recession by spring, or that the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 knocked the wobbly legs out from under an already shaky economy.2. From Wall Street to Kew Gardens, the pain has been palpable. Just
11、as nearly every resident of the city and surrounding area knew someone who lost a life in the World Trade Center, most know someone who has been directly affected by its economic aftermath dislocations, pay cuts and job losses.3. That giant sucking sound? It is the gasp of collective belt-tightening
12、 across the five boroughs. Statistics confirm the anecdotes. New York City lost 44,200 jobs just in October, the New York State Labor Department said. It could lose 50,000 more by mid-2002.4. Economists and accountants have tried to tally the damage stemming from the attack, and though their figures
13、 do not always match, the costs are undeniably substantial. In addition to the physical damage and cleanup expenses estimated at $30 billion, the attacks could cost New York City some $20 billion in lost economic activity like retail sales and tourism services this year and $10 billion more next yea
14、r, according to E, a research firm based in West Chester, Pa. The $20 billion pledged by the federal government in emergency aid and billions more in insurance payments will help offset those costs, though only about half the federal assistance has actually been appropriated. A sharp falloff in tax
15、revenue, however, will leave the state and city with yawning budget gaps not seen since the early 1990s. The city alone projects a shortfall of $1.3 billion next 5 year and $3.6 billion in 2003.5. That will keep New Yorks prospects dim even if the national economy emerges from recession, as economis
16、ts predict it will in the second half of 2002. New York, they said, will endure a deeper and more protracted downturn than the rest of the country will feel. The gross city product, a measure of the citys economic output, declined 1.6 percent in the third quarter, compared with a 0.4 percent fall fo
17、r the nation as a whole.6. Some economists compare the situation in New York to that of cities hit by natural disasters, like Hurricane Andrew in 1992 or the earthquake in Kobe, Japan, in 1995. Initial slumps were followed by building booms that led to revived economies, said Stephen Kagann, chief e
18、conomist for Gov. George E. Patakis office.7. New York, however, will not be helped by a building boom, he said. Rebuilding the World Trade Center, as huge as such a project would be, is unlikely to have a significant impact on the economy, Mr. Kagann said. The original construction had 3,500 jobs a
19、t its peak, with maybe 1,500 more ancillary jobs created together, only 0.2 percent of all jobs in the region. “The citys economy is simply too large for rebuilding to be a significant boost,“ he said.A. Deeper setback for cityB. Role of rebuilding in citys recoveryC. Palpable painD. Consequences of
20、 natural disastersE. Estimated economic lossesF. Rising unemploymentG. Economists optimism about citys economy（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 7 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. substantial
21、damageB. as differentC. the terrorist attacksD. the citys economyE. the rest of the nationF. clearly avoidableG. easily noticeable（分数：10.00）(1).The nation had already slipped into a recession before _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The pain caused by the terrorist attack is _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The terrorist
22、attacks on the city have brought about _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Economists predict that New York will fare worse than _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Rebuilding wont be of much help in reviving _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Crash-Prone? The Solution Could Be Windows XP;But does It Make Sense to Upgrade Your Operating System
23、?You can hardly turn on the television or click on a Web page without seeing a colorful ad for Microsofts new Windows XP operating system, which launched on Oct. 25.So, now that the long-awaited XP is here, what are you going to do about it? Should you upgrade, and if you do, how hard is it and what
24、 are the potential drawbacks? The decision is pretty easy if you really need a whole new Windows PC. They all come with XP preloaded, and in my tests of a few such models, they seemed to work well. Im writing this on my own new personal computer, a Dell that came preloaded with Windows XP, and it wo
25、rked great right out of the box.The only downside is that if youre keeping older printers, scanners and other peripherals, you may have to download new “drivers“ the small programs that allow a PC and a peripheral to interact. XP contains many of the drivers for recent-model printers and the like, s
26、paring you from even digging out the disks that came with them. But if you have older equipment, you may have to download new drivers, because the original software that came with the hardware might not work with Windows XP.Its harder to decide what to do about XP if you have a PC that doesnt need r
27、eplacing. If youre happy with the way things are working, dont upgrade. Its never a trivial thing to change operating systems, and you shouldnt do it without a reason.However, there are two big limitations in prior versions of Windows that XP does fix, and that might make an upgrade worthwhile. Thes
28、e are stability that is, the ability not to crash, or at least to do so rarely and compatibility. Windows 98 and Windows ME, the previous consumer versions, had wide compatibility with consumer software and peripherals, but lousy stability. Windows 2000, the prior business version, had great stabili
29、ty, but limited compatibility with consumer software and add-on hardware.Windows XP is designed to combine the stability of Windows 2000 (with which it shares underlying code) with the compatibility of Windows 98 and Windows ME, and in my experience, it does a good job at that. So if you need more r
30、eliability or compatibility than your current version of Windows supplies, an upgrade may be in order.But theres a catch. Microsoft says that an XP upgrade will really be sensible only if your PC is two years old or less built after 1999. And you need at least a 300MHz processor and 128 megabytes of
31、 memory, though I recommend at least 192MB, and 256MB is even better. Also, youll need a roomy hard disk Windows XP alone will suck up 1.5 gigabytes.So there are only a limited number of PCs for which upgrading makes sense, and you may have to invest in beefing yours up first.Not only that, but you
32、must have Windows 98, Windows ME or Windows 2000 on your current system to upgrade. If you have Windows 95 and somehow still have a new enough machine to qualify, you have to buy a very expensive, “full“ version of Windows XP, basically wipe out your whole hard disk and start from scratch with XP, l
33、osing all your installed programs and settings.If youre good to go, you next have to decide which upgrade version of XP is right for you the $99 Home Edition or the $199 Professional. The differences between them are surprisingly small, and 95 percent of home and small-business users will be fine wi
34、th the home version. Buy the pro version only if you are running more than a modest network or need special security features.Note that if you have Windows 2000, or NT 4.0, you can upgrade only to Windows XP Professional, not the Home Edition. If you have Windows 98 or ME, you can choose either flav
35、or of XP.In my tests, which included five PCs running all the main older versions; the Windows XP upgrades, both home and pro, went very smoothly.The process took about an hour in each case, and the installation software was friendly and clear in its instructions and progress reports.（分数：14.00）(1).T
36、he writer wrote the article on a computer _.A. that often crashesB. that needs replacingC. preloaded with Windows XPD. limited in stability and compatibility（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).You may have to download new “drivers“ if you have a whole new Windows PC _.A. but recent-model peripheralsB. but older pe
37、ripheralsC. but older softwareD. but old disks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Prior versions of Windows are inferior to Windows XP in that _.A. the former is weaker in either stability or compatibilityB. the former is weaker in both stability and compatibilityC. the former is more expensiveD. the former is les
38、s colorful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Microsoft recommends an XP upgrade for _.A. all personal computers without XPB. PCs built within the past two yearsC. old personal computersD. PCs which often crash（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the most expensive to upgrade?A. Windows 2000. B. Windows
39、98.C. Windows 95. D. Windows ME（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Windows XP Home Edition is appropriate for _.A. all the main older versions of WindowsB. Windows 98 or MEC. Windows 2000D. NT4.0（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The writers own experience with the Windows XP upgrades was generally _.A. discouragingB. pleasantC
40、. nastyD. odd（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Do You Need an MBA?Perhaps you have seen the media stories and some of the exciting career opportunities of MBAs, and you imagine, “That could be me . “ You might be well into the career of (26) dreams, but you have been told you will need an (27) to advance. Or, you ma
41、y be at a (28) in your career and wonder how you should make a translation. (29) of what initially inspired you to consider an MBA degree, you (30) start with a thorough self-assessment process that will help you match your personal strengths and interests with your professional ones to help you exp
42、lore (31) an MBA makes sense for you.(32) helps you focus and articulate your thinking. Exhibiting undirected thinking or behavior might (33) you from gaining admission to an MBA program. More importantly, you will limit your return on investment if you (34) choose a school or are ill-prepared to ta
43、ke (35) of its educational opportunities. The MBA is very different from many (36) graduate degrees, in which academic promise is (37) paramount in the admissions process. At a minimum, business school (38) officers consider career history and aspirations, evidence of leadership potential, and acade
44、mic achievement. (39) the typical MBA candidate has several years of full-time, post-undergraduate work experience in a (40) capacity and can clearly articulate motivations for MBA study.A good self-assessment process will help you establish specific career and education goals (41) utilize your stre
45、ngths (42) address your weaknesses. Lacking specific goals, you will be searching (43) direction for a school. How will you eliminate options, much (44) make a choice you will be happy with in the end? (45) will you determine whether the MBA experience was a good value? Whenever you are considering
46、major changes in your life, self-assessment can help you clarify your goals and make wise decisions.（分数：40.00）(1).A. ones B. your C. my D. yours（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. opportunity B. aid C. MBA D. aspiration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. crossroads B. loss C. turn D. traffic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Despite
47、B. Doubtless C. Regardless D. Responsive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. would B. have C. ought D. should（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. whether B. whenever C. whatever D. how（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Self-assessment B. MBA C. Friendship D. Experience（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. help B. lead C. prevent D. insist（分数：2.00）A.
48、B.C.D.(9).A. cautiously B. blindly C. honestly D. interestingly（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. measure B. use C. advantage D. stock（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. more B. another C. great D. other（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. labeled B. considered C. posed D. received（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. high-ranking B. harsh C. education D. admission（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. However B. Besides C. Eventually D. Therefore（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. responsible B. fixed C. minor D. possibl
