1、BFT 考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)-19 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading(总题数：5，分数：90.00)Have life insurance? Is it enough or maybe too much?Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.“People dont think about, What will
2、 my family do if I am gone and not earning a living? “ says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser. “The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so theyre not stuck.“(1) Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations.
3、 Among their mistakes, one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. (2) “They dont think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance,“ says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent cant stop working and usually has
4、 to pay someone to help care for the family.(3) Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife.At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is
5、rarely sufficient to support your family. (4) Some employers provide a years salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living.Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. That may be a good deal for w
6、orkers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy. (5) Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance. “Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,“ Daugherty says. (6) On the othe
7、r hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: (7) . Single people and those who have no children to care for usually dont
8、 need life insurance.Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. “I said none,“ Katt says. (8) A. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000 barely enough to cover you
9、r funeral expenses.B. Families dont always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.C. “There are people who dont need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured.“D. The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has be
10、en relying on.E. “Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own.“F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.G. Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic.H. But if youre young
11、and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Happiness Secrets for Tough Times1. You dont need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness. Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able t
12、o fulfill your kids needs can weigh down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on nurturing your loved ones. “I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects of this economy on families and how parents cant afford to buy their kids
13、 luxuries like toys anymore,“ says Sonja Lyubomirsky, author of The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want. “But what they dont realize is that kids dont care about toys-what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them.“2. Now more than ever we nee
14、d each other to survive. Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier. Think of practical, everyday gestures that can make someones life a little bit easier. For example, Lyubomirsky says, “Maybe now many of us cant afford to take a cab to the airpo
15、rt, so offer to give a friend a ride.“3. “You could spend a lot of time ruminating,“ says Lyubomirsky. “But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and affects your self esteem. Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer.“ Get rid of pessimism. O
16、ne of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy. “What can I learn from this? Times are tough, Ive been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids, adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills.“4. “if you find a happy perso
17、n you will find a project,“ says Lyubomirsky. “Happy people all have goals they care about.“ Commit yourself to a project whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn. But its also important to remember to be flexible in these times. Dont get frustrated if circumstances ar
18、e stopping you from meeting your goals. Adopt and change! “If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal,“ says Lyubomirsky. “Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job.“5. When times are tough, its easy to get skip your regular workouts in favor of moping in f
19、ront of the TV and eating a bag of chips. Your thinking is “I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good.“ But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC. It will go a long way in boosting your happiness. “Even if you cant afford to go to the gym,“ Lyubo
20、mirsky says, “take time out to exercise at home or meditate.“A. Have a goal and be flexibleB. Find a new friendC. Avoid over-thinkingD. Do some physical exerciseE. Help othersF. Focus on your relationshipsG. Try to fulfill your kids needs（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分
21、数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. give a friend a rideB. adopt a new hobbyC. feel less out of controlD. learn a new set of skillsE. need each other to surviveF. take some time to exerciseG. weigh down hard on ones fami
22、ly life（分数：10.00）(1).Losing ones job in hard times may _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).In tough times people more than any other time _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Thinking positively can make people _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).When looking for a new job in hard times, one may have to _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When times are t
23、ough people should still remember to _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Small, Imperfectly FormedOne has to look a long time for an American politician of any political stripe who has failed to laud small businesses. Still, many have little clue as to what makes such businesses succeed or fail.Federal agencies aimed
24、 at helping small business, such as the Small Business Administration and the Minority Business Development Agency, have been around for half a century, yet persistent differences remain between the performance of businesses founded by white, male entrepreneurs and the rest. Blacks are less likely t
25、o be self-employed, for example, and when they are their businesses, on average, have lower sales and profits than do their white-or Asian-owned counterparts. If researchers could explain the causes of these differences, policy-makers could (at least in theory) supply small businesses with more usef
26、ul help.Two researchers for the Census Bureaus Centre for Economic Studies, Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan, recently published a working paper attempting to understand demographic differences behind small businesses success and failure. They concentrated on the years 2002 to 2005, with three databases a
27、t their disposal: the Survey of Business Owners, conducted every five years; the Longitudinal Foreign Trade Transaction Database, which includes every US export transaction between 1992 and 2005; and a database co-developed by Mr. Jarmin, which allowed the authors to track whether the owners of the
28、firms in their sample had prior experience being their own bosses. By drawing from on the power of the Censuss data collection efforts, the authors hoped to create a more nuanced picture of business survival.Some of their findings were not terribly surprising. A firms chances of survival, regardless
29、 of the race or sex of its owner, decreased in poorer areas; and the better the education of the founder, the more likely it was to succeed. Businesses owned by Asians, Hispanics, or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be exporters. Older entrepreneurs were more likely to use personal savings to s
30、tart their businesses; younger owners were more likely to have to close up shop during the study period than were their middle-aged rivals.However, the data also confirmed that black-and female-owned businesses tended to perform worse than the average. They were also less likely to have been funded
31、by bank loans. Still, the businesses that survived, regardless of the owners race, tended to add employees at similar rates. Furthermore, after controlling for factors such as the education and race of the owner, there was no statistically significant difference in firms abilities to expand into dif
32、ferent locations. Finally, black entrepreneurs were more likely to have a history of self-employment than their white counterparts. Messrs Jarmin and Krizans paper is not the first to suggest that black entrepreneurs, less likely to have other business owners in their family or personal networks, te
33、nd to “start small“ when they venture out on their own.Most researchers get to end their papers by speculating, usually without much fear of consequence, as to the policy implications of their work. The authors of this paper, not wishing to imply that the Census Bureau might have policy opinions, de
34、clined to do so. But the reader can make some guesses. One is that mentorship programmes may be particularly useful for promoting entrepreneurship among blacks. Another is that reaching out to businesses based on the owners race might be less useful than supporting businesses in poorer areas. And sm
35、all businesses of all stripes would be helped by improving that other institution lauded by politicians: Americas education system.（分数：14.00）(1).Most politicians in the U.S. _.A. have had some experiences in running a small businessB. have made great efforts in helping small businessesC. have paid l
36、ittle attention to small businessesD. have spoken highly of small businesses（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?A. Most small businesses are operated by white people.B. Federal agencies have failed in giving small businesses much help.C. Small businesses run by white male
37、people are generally more profitable.D. More federal agencies aimed at helping small businesses will be established.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When working on their paper Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan _.A. built up three databasesB. mainly studied the data of four yearsC. interviewed the owners of some small
38、 businessesD. found the Survey of Business Owners especially helpful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans paper, it is true that _.A. older entrepreneurs were more keen on saving moneyB. education played a role in running a small businessC. a business run by a black was less
39、likely to survive in a poor areaD. younger entrepreneurs spent more time on study（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).One of Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizans surprising findings is that _.A. successful businesses didnt show much difference in recruitment ratesB. locations were essential for small businesses success or f
40、ailureC. most black entrepreneurs had a history of self-employmentD. female-owned businesses were the least likely to survive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).One of the problems black owners and female owners faced was _.A. poor education B. low work efficiencyC. lack of family backups D. difficult access to ba
41、nk loans（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. the education system in the U.S. needs improvingB. the Census Bureaus Centre is sponsored by the governmentC. U.S researchers dont have much say in how the country is runD. mentorship programs have been proved unsuccessful（分数
42、：2.00）A.B.C.D.Less education, income linked to obesity in women, not menWomen who are better educated and live in households that are middle-income or above are less likely to be obese than women who are less educated and live in the lowest income households, new government research shows.Among men,
43、 there is not a statistically significant (26) in obesity based on income and very (27) difference based on education, the data show.(28) , about one in three U.S. adults-almost 73 million people-are obese, which is (29) 30 or more pounds over a (30) weight. Extra weight raises the (31) of diabetes,
44、 heart disease, some types of cancer and other (32) .“There is a relationship between obesity and income, but its not a (33) story,“ says Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist with the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.“When looking at these two
45、 (34) of socioeconomic status-income and education-their (35) is greater on women than men,“ she says.Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, says that (36) -income women may be more likely to become obese because of environmental (37) such as lack of access to safe places to do physical
46、 activity and easy access to fast food.Among the findings:29% of women who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese in opposition (38) 42% of women who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four.23% of women with a co
47、llege degree are obese, significantly less than the 42% of women with (39) than a high school education.33% of men who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese, (40) 29% of men who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family o
48、f four are obese. This difference is not considered statistically (41) .The analysis is based on (42) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is considered the gold (43) for evaluating obesity because it is a(an) (44) survey of people whose weight and height are actually (45) rather than being self-reported.（分数：40.00）(1).A. difference B. discovery C. preference D. association（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. little B. much C. big D. few（分数：2.00）A
