1、BFT 考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)-17 (1)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading(总题数：5，分数：90.00)ManagementIt is strange that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 256 percent during a period when the economy had been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given t
2、o speedy assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. (1) What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the examination of cost-conscious employers who feel that academia has not
3、 been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no agreement about what the degree should include; and no agreed system of accreditation. Sure
4、ly there is something wrong. (2) Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest In already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Managements survey, which revealed that eighty-one percent of managers thought they would be
5、more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. (3) They need the inherent qualification of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating obedi
6、ence, if not total conviction.(4) We may therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. (5) If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, ther
7、e will be a powerful corrective.(6) One hopes there will be some of that in the relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly c
8、ompetitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial slums, that is not a promising sign for the future. (7) Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself too proud of its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communic
9、ation without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. (8) A. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.B. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree.C. We believe now that manag
10、ement is all about change.D. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry.E. More empowerment is requiredand we should strive to achieve it.F. The surge and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution.G. There is, too, the fact that training alone
11、does not make successful managers.H. One can easily think of people, some comparatively uneducated, who are now lauded captains of industry.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Addiction1. The word “addiction“ is often used loosely or ironically in informal conversation.
12、 People will refer to themselves as “mystery book addicts“, “fashion addicts“ or “cookie addicts“. Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries, being crazy about fashion or eating cookie is serious enough to be compared with addiction to heroin, drug or alcohol. The word “addiction“ is here us
13、ed jokingly to denote a tendency to thoroughly or over indulge in some pleasurable activities.2. Some people often refer to being “hooked on TV“. Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with unusual intensity, or is there a kind of
14、television viewing that falls into the more serious category of destructive addiction, like of drug or alcohol? The answer is obvious.3. When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. And yet
15、the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high“ substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and an increasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day no
16、t merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feel normal“ without them.4. An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Certain thing about that particular experien
17、ce makes his life without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible for him, for under the magic spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted, and he is deprived of other possible pleasures. The addict intensely desires an experien
18、ce and yet he is never really or fully satisfied. The organism may be temporarily sated or satisfied, but soon it begins to desire severely again.5. Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements and consequences. A heroin addi
19、ct, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from rational thinking, from capable working, from maintaining relationships normally, from developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholics life is ruined tooit is narrowed down, cut short and d
20、ehumanized by his incurable dependence on alcohol.A. Classification of TV addiction questionB. Functions of the harmless pursuit of pleasureC. Essence of serious addictionsD. Development of the addicts organismE. Destructive features of serious addictios F. Importance of addictive experiences for ad
21、dictsG. Informal usage of the word “addiction“ （分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. the addict is looking for pleasureB. serious and does harm to the addictsC.
22、 a serious addiction has destructive featuresD. they are making comment jokingly on their likesE. it should not be criticized to pursue addictive pleasuresF. his life is totally ruinedG. all addictions have negative and positive aspects（分数：10.00）(1).When people refer to themselves as “cookie addicts
23、“, _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The essence of a serious addiction is _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The difference between a serious and a harmless addiction is _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The author believes that TV addiction _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When a person is addicted to heroin, _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Home Is Where the
24、 Tongue IsFor all the pressures and rewards of regionalization and globalization, local identities remain the most ingrained. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more intimate local connections among many individuals. As Bernar
25、d Poignant, mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, “Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties there will be to ones roots and ones land.“In most communities, local languages such as Poignants Breton serve a
26、 strong symbolic function as a clear mark of “authenticity“. The sum total of a communitys shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a perceived line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the communitys origins. A concern fo
27、r authenticity leads most secular Israelis to champion Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amoun
28、ts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the “threat“ that globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to speci
29、fic reward systems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious ardor.As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200.
30、 Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native A
31、merican languages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements arc fiercely political and frequently involve staunch resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money
32、 in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy.In addition to invoking the subjective importance of local roots, pr
33、oponents of local languages defend their continued use on pragmatic grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of ones own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agenc
34、ies can also use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modem health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education
35、how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers and readers of local languages be multi-literate.（分数：14.00）(1).In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayors word to show that globalization
36、_.A. strengthens local identitiesB. weakens regionalizationC. strengthens individualismD. weakens local attachments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “authenticity“ in paragraph 2 refers to _.A. a strong symbolic cultural functionB. a communitys shared historical experienceC. a general association of lan
37、guage and traditionsD. a line of development from past to the present（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it _.A. weakens the authority of authenticityB. hinders the development of authenticityC. enhances the importance of authenticityD. promotes the maturity o
38、f authenticity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Locals resistance to the threat of globalization may result in _.A. the revival of some dying languagesB. the increase of formal Internet communitiesC. movements and projects to protect local rightsD. campaigns and champions of various groups（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Am
39、erica differs from Spain and Mexico in that _.A. its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the stateB. its locals are not interested in finding native AmericansC. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditionsD. its movements are not political（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Which of the following state
40、ments is NOT true?A. Pragmatically, local languages are less used than English.B. Local languages are more important in daily life.C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are.D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Local language user
41、s need to _.A. go abroad to master another languageB. champion those dying languagesC. learn a language besides their local languagesD. strengthen local languages to defeat English（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Internet ClonesYouku isnt the Chinese YouTube and Rcnren isnt the Chinese Facebook. That realization ha
42、snt (26) on investors, who continue to pile into Chinese Internet stocks with (27) discrimination. The Chinese Internet story certainly is compelling. With more than 450 million online, the Chinese Web boasts more (28) than any other in the world. Brokerage CLSA expects that number to increase to mo
43、re than 800 million by 2013. (29) important, rising incomes and low levels of e-commerce penetration mean online sales and advertising should increase. (30) an even faster clip.Mainstays of the sector Baidu and Sina have more than doubled in (31) in the past 12 months. Online-video platform Youku (3
44、2) .nearly doubled since its trading debut in December, 2010. Social-networking site Renren hopes to (33) $584 million when it (34) on the New York Stock Exchange in May.But not all Internet firms are created equal. Despite a passing similarity to U.S. peers, the Chinese newbies are (35) by the comp
45、arison. Take Youku, which, according to Internet research firm Analysis, (36) for just 20% of Chinas fragmented online-video space. (37) numbers vary, YouTube commands a much larger share of the U.S. online-video market yet it remains unclear (38) profitable it is.Renren, meanwhile, started life as
46、a Facebook clone. The user interface looks the same, but in terms of market (39) they are different. According to Web analysis firm comScore, in March, Facebook had 153 million active monthly users in the U.S. (40) to about 60% of the online population. Renrens 31 million, up from 24 million at the
47、end of 2010, means it has 7% of Chinese Internet users. That means it has (41) to expand but doesnt have the lock on the market Facebook (42) And it faces tough competition if it tries to expand out of its student niche. Meanwhile, its recent surge in users looks. (43) It added seven million monthly
48、 active users in the first three months of 2011, the same as total (44) in 2009 and 2010 combined. That is tough to explain as Renren is facing stiff competition for users. (45) Sinas Weibo microblogging platform.Everyone wants a piece of the Chinese Facebook, but in a competitive sector investors should consider the possibility they are buying a piece of the Chinese Friendster.（分数：40.00）(1).A. dawned B. realized C. clarified D. fell（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. enough B. much C. little D. no
