1、BEC 剑桥商务英语(高级)13 及答案解析(总分：19.96，做题时间：149 分钟)一、SECTION 1 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)A According to the statistics of the Organization of Trade and Development of the United Nations, there are several swindling acts each month and swindling causes a loss of up to billions of US dollars annually. In 1959,
2、the swindle of Coffee in Costa Rica paralyzed the countrys economy for a certain period of time. At the urgent request of the international business community, the Organization of Trade and Development of the United Nations held two special meetings in 1984 and 1985 in Geneva to deal with the proble
3、m, but no agreement were reached. B Generally speaking, there is little opportunity for the swindlers to take advantage in the trading of complete sets of equipment or transfer of technology, while commodity transactions are most vulnerable to swindling. As long as such commodities as steel, cement,
4、 fertilizer and chemicals are identical in specification, model, pattern, or chemical composition, as long as the price is favorable and delivery is prompt, the buyer seldom sends any mission abroad to inspect the goods. Swindlers often take advantage of these factors and resell the goods to make pr
5、ofits. C Swindlers can also, by taking advantage of natural calamities such as storm and submerged reefs, forge and reported sea accidents. Then, they remove and resell the goods for huge profits. Since the cargo is not received, the buyer claims against insurance company. Therefore, the final victi
6、mized is the insurance company. Generally speaking, the carrier, captain and seaman collaborate with one another to commit this kind of economic crime. Afterwards, they sell the ship and the goods and abscond. If goods are carried on the ship, the insurance is one of the victims in this case. D The
7、criminals sometimes swindle money from the buyer by forging commercial documents. Upon presentation of the bill of lading, the buyer cannot get the goods after he has paid according to the contract. The seller can sometimes lose money in a contract that stipulates payment after the arrival of goods
8、or by bank collection. In most cases, the criminals first win the sellers trust by doing some successful trade transactions with him. Then he manages to acquire a large deal by signing a contract that stipulates payment after the arrival of the goods or by bank collection. As soon as he receives the
9、 goods, the buyer sells the goods and absconds with the money. E In order to prevent international swindling, we suggest the following measures: Firstly, we should promote education and maintain sharp vigilance in international trade transactions. Secondly, we should carefully investigate the credit
10、 status before the conclusion of a contract. Thirdly, we should draft every clause of the contract properly since the contract is the only legal document for the execution of transaction and the settlement of the dispute. Lastly, we should supervise the loading of the goods and keep a close watch on
11、 the movements of the carrying vessel. 0. Swindling can be devastating to a countrys economy. (A) （分数：0.96）(1).The seller can also lose money in receiving payment by bank collection.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.(2).Ship charters, captains and seamen sometimes conspire to swindle the ship-owner by making
12、 up a lost ship.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(3).Inspection of the goods is rarely done by the buyer outside of the country.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(4).Swindling is more likely to happen in commodity transactions than in transfer of technology.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(5).The buyer would find that the bill of lading, certific
13、ate of quantity and quality, packing list and invoice are all forged.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.(6).Insurance company is always responsible for the loss in a sea swindling.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(7).We should keep alert in international trade transactions.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.E.(8).There are no formal agreement
14、 about swindling in the world.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.二、SECTION 2 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Creativity on Demand As an event planner, who designs and orchestrates every type of event from corporate affairs to weddings, its my responsibility to put together and manage the individual creative teams that are co
15、ntributing to the occasions. (0) . One of the greatest challenges of my job, yet one of its most rewarding aspects, is working with creative people on a day-to-day basis. I deal with a lot of high-profile, artistic individualspeople who are extremely knowledgeable and well known in their own right.
16、They are passionate and talented, caring and wonderful individuals who often have their own vision of how they want particular elements of events designed and executed. Therein lies the challenge. (9). When you are working with creative minds, its crucial to keep them on track so they dont go off on
17、 tangents and disrupt the projects rhythm or production schedule. This means taking a very active management role. (10). If needed, I will take the person aside and remind him that producing an event is a team effort and not a platform for an individual to shine. If you cant get the creative team le
18、aders to accept some kind of direction and parameters, then you must strongly consider removing them from the project and not hiring them in the future, however brilliant they are. (11). If I have a client who insists on hiring him, I decline the project. At the same time, you do have to trust your
19、most talented people. People in general always produce better results when you trust themtrust that they are going to perform not only to your expectations but to their highest levels. People hate being micromanaged because it implies that you dont respect or trust them. (12) I make sure that my peo
20、ple understand their position within the project while giving them the latitude to express their abilities, talents, and ideas. When you want people to produce at their peak levels, empowerment and communication are vital. I strongly believe in communicationits what I do all day. I am constantly on
21、the phone or in meetings. Communication doesnt always have to be direct, of course, and I am a tremendous fan of e-mail. (13). Obviously, as a leader, you cannot do all the communicating yourself. The key is to identify the items that you really must communicate yourself and delegate the rest. (14).
22、 Inspiring and motivating a team to perform at the top of its game is exciting and sometimes exhausting. But the process is always very rewarding. You learn a huge amount from your creative people, and they constantly surprise you with their ideas. A. For example, I worked with a very well-known and
23、 talented but very self-centered florist, whose volatile behavior would wreak havoc on the team and affect the overall event production, and now I just wont work with him. B. As the event producer, its my responsibility to keep everyone focused on the overall concept and design and to work with each
24、 team leader to ensure that the teams move forward in the same direction, all while minimizing difficulties and drama. C. The trick, I believe, is learning how to manage diverse individual personalities and take control with style and grace. D. Of course, for that to work you need to have an associa
25、te who can function as your right-hand person. E. When seven people have to change four tires, fill up a gas tank, make quick adjustments to the suspension, and get a car back on the track in just over ten seconds, teamwork is, to put it mildly, essential. F. If an individual is not functioning as p
26、art of the team in the way that he should be, I will manage him a bit more than the others until I feel he is back on track. G. But I do think, even in this day and age, you really cannot beat just talking to someone face-to-face or at least by phone. H. Together, we do everything from selecting the
27、 perfect stamp for the invitations to installing temporary roads in order to provide access to an event. EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is H. （分数：1.02）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.三、SECTION 3 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The tariff-jumping motive for FDI is
28、well developed in the literature. The trade-of foreign firms typically face in these models is based on the level of the tariff when exporting versus the boardcost associated with setting up a manufacturing plant abroad. Other studies compare the effects of tariffs with the effects of quota and volu
29、ntary export restraints (VERs) and have shown how the profit gain for foreign firms due to VERs lowers the propensity to engage in FDI. While the use of tariffs, quota and VERs has been reduced as a result of multilateral trade negotiations, the use of other trade policy instruments, notably antidum
30、ping, has increased. Recent empirical work has confirmed that the FDI response to antidumping actions is certainly not uncommon, in particular in case of antidumping actions targeting Japanese firms, in a recent study, analyses duty-jumping FDI by firms based in other countries than Japan. The antid
31、umping jumping FDI is very limited in scale in case firms without international experience based in developing countries are targeted. Given the demonstrated importance of FDI responses to antidumping actions, it is surprising that the theoretical literature on the effects of antidumping law have by
32、 and large ignored the issue of antidumping jumping. In a symmetric model of two countries considering reciprocal (anti-)dumping and reciprocal FDI, they find that producers in both countries would gain from the abolition of antidumping law from the WTO statute. This result is driven by the fact tha
33、t reciprocal antidumping jumping FDI increases competition and reduces profits of domestic firms. All types of international price discrimination with the lower price charged in the EU can classify as dumping, at least for products for which there are close EU substitutes. We explicitly consider a c
34、lause in EU antidumping law that allows the EU administration to settle antidumping actions either by levying duties or by demanding price undertakings from the foreign exporting firms. Our model shows that this decision will depend on the objective function of the EU administration, which may vary
35、between protecting the interests of EU industry only (maximizing producer surplus) and also taking into account the interests of consumers and user industries (maximizing EU social welfare). The former corresponds to the direct objective of antidumping law. Pursuing the latter is in line with the pu
36、blic interests embedded in EU antidumping law by which the EU Commission is held to consider repercussions on consumers and user industries. A second aspect of EU antidumping incorporated in the model is that the level of duties and price undertakings is typically determined by the degree to which f
37、oreign firms undercut EU producers prices on the EU market. This rule is applied to ensure that antidumping measures remove the injury to EU industry. The rule limits the discretionary power of the EU administration in determining duty and price undertaking levels. Contrary to the symmetric model of
38、 Haland and Wooton, we explicitly take on boardcost asymmetries, viz. a cost advantage of the foreign firm. Such a cost advantage is a most likely reason for price undercutting by foreign exporters resulting in antidumping actions. We allow cost advantages to be either firm-specific, in which case t
39、hey are internationally transferable through FDI, or location specific. We show that the occurrence of duty jumping FDI in the EU requires that the foreign firms cost advantage is at least partly firm specific. In the next section we present the model for the case of products which are sufficiently
40、close substitutes (like products) and firm-specific cost advantages, assuming that the EU administration is able to commit to antidumping actions before the foreign firms investment decision, and allowing two alternative policy objectives (producer surplus and social welfare). For this purpose we us
41、ed a three-stage model. In the first stage, the EU administration decides whether to take antidumping measures, and if so, whether to levy a duty or allow a price undertaking. In the second stage the foreign firm decides whether to serve the EU market through export or FDI. In the third stage, the f
42、oreign firm is engaged in price competition with a local firm on the EU market, which offers close substitute products. Injury arises from a production cost advantage of the foreign firm, which may either be location specific, for example, based on lower foreign wages or firm specific like based on
43、a transferable technological advantage. （分数：1.02）(1).According to the first paragraph, what does the study about tariff-jumping motive show?（分数：0.17）A.The welfare and strategic effects of antidumping laws under alternative market structures.B.Industries incentives to petition for antidumping.C.These
44、 studies show under which conditions foreign firms prefer to set up local production units over exporting when serving distant markets.D.The potential effect of antidumping measures in strengthening collusive practices.(2).What does the evidence show in the second paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.The evidence s
45、uggests that EU firms show a comparable FDI response if they are targeted by US antidumping actions.B.The evidence shows the possibility of a protection building equilibrium.C.A foreign firm that intends to engage in second period FDI increases its first period export in order to increase the level
46、of protection faced by the rival foreign firm.D.The evidence implies that they are concerned with the effects of economic integration involving the abolition of antidumping law.(3).After reading the first three paragraphs, what do you think the two studies deal with?（分数：0.17）A.The two studies examin
47、e antidumping jumping FDI in the context of EU antidumping practices.B.Two studies deal with the relationship between antidumping and FDI.C.They analyze the conditions under which antidumping jumping FDI occurs.D.They explain the output and welfare effects of antidumping actions.(4).What does the wr
48、iter imply in the fourth paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.An antidumping duty is akin to a tariff.B.A price undertaking is a commitment by the foreign firm to raise its price.C.The conditions under which undertakings are allowed are not well articulated in EU antidumping law.D.An EU antidumping case can only be
49、 initiated when imports are dumped on the European market and cause material injury.(5).From the fifth paragraph, in the case of cost advantages, what does FDI imply?（分数：0.17）A.It implies that it is often a feature of exporters based in developing countries.B.It implies that foreign firms relinquish their cost advantage and produce at the same marginal cost as those of EU producers.C.It implies the differences in FDI responses between firms from developed and developing countries.D.It implies that in EU antidumping practice, a substantial n
