1、2015 年职称英语（卫生类）C 级试卷及答案解析(总分：204.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词汇选项(总题数：16，分数：32.00)1.词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1 个意义最为接近选项。（分数：2.00）_2.It is prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：2.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible3.The law carries a penalty of up to
2、 three years in prison.（分数：2.00）A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation4.These products are inferior to those we bought last year.（分数：2.00）A.poorer thanB.narrower thanC.larger thanD.richer than5.The organization was bold enough to face the press.（分数：2.00）A.pleasedB.braveC.powerfulD.sensible6.The po
3、litical situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.（分数：2.00）A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed7.Most people find rejection hard to accept.（分数：2.00）A.refusalB.excuseC.clientD.destiny8.They re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.（分数：2.00）A.planningB.prepa
4、ringC.lookingD.requesting9.He said some harsh words about his brother.（分数：2.00）A.properB.normalC.unkindD.unclear10.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：2.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent11.It is the movement,not the color,of objects th
5、at excites the bull.（分数：2.00）A.frightensB.scaresC.arousesD.confuses12.I catch cold now and then .（分数：2.00）A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.constantlyD.regularly13.There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.（分数：2.00）A.a steadyB.a plentifulC.an extraD.a stable14.We cannot exist without air, foo
6、d or water.（分数：2.00）A.expandB.riseC.liveD.quit15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.（分数：2.00）A.amountB.temptC.supplyD.sum16.Shes extremely competent and industrious .（分数：2.00）A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent二、阅读判断(总题数：2，分数：28.00)17.阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个
7、句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。（分数：14.00）_Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline(基线)eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)(美国眼科学会) The
8、 reminder(提示)is part of the AAOs EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February. “ Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs, “ Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. “Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to
9、 function independently and have confidence in your abilities. Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams. People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes(糖尿病)or high blood pres
10、sure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends. By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eve diseases such as cata-racts(白内障)and glaucoma(青光眼). Thats a more than
11、 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases. But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater
12、worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.（分数：14.00）(1).Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In Dr. Stephanie Marioneauxs opinion, eye diseases pr
13、ogress by warning signs.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Gradual changes in vision can affect ones thought.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Only t
14、he old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain or joint pain.
15、（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：3，分数：24.00)18.概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。（分数：8.00）_Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outb
16、reak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major
17、outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola with their border.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne vir
18、us outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the vims is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola a
19、re non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore thr
20、oat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制), making bleedin
21、g even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria(疟疾)are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral
22、 infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?B Is the current outbreak the deadliest?C How do I know if I have contracted the virus?D What areas are currently affected?E What exactly does Ebola do to the body?F What caused the Ebola outbreak?（分数：8.00
23、）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A infected body fluidsB against the outbreak severityC the mode of transmissionD the initial days of being infectedE three countries in West AfricaF within a wide rang
24、e of days（分数：8.00）(1).The initial Ebola outbreak was found in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The Ebola virus transmits by contact with 1.（分数：2.0
25、0）填空项 1:_四、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)19.阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。（分数：10.00）_Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk
26、of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor co
27、mpared with those living lower down. To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world,
28、at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in S
29、anta Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result, “says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that reg
30、ulate growth of the unborn child,“ says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body. Giussan
31、i wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predispos
32、ed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the new study discover?（分数：2.00）A.Babies born to wealthy families are heavier.B.Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.C.Newborns in cities are lighter than average.D.Low-altitude babies have
33、a high risk of heart disease in later life.(2).Giussani and his team are sure that_.（分数：2.00）A.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa CruzB.people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa CruzC.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above averageD.mothers in
34、 La Paz are commonly under-nourished(3).It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the finding was unexpectedB.he was very tiredC.the study took longer than expectedD.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz(4).The results of the study indicate the reaso
35、n for the birth of underweight babies is_.（分数：2.00）A.lack of certain nutritionB.poverty of their mothersC.different family backgroundsD.reduction of oxygen levels(5).It can be learned from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later lifeB.
36、underweight babies have a shorter life spanC.babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birthD.newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodiesMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of U. S. adults have a less than 10-percent
37、risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology(心脏病学). Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “ I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea
38、 of how coronary(心脏冠状动脉的)heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population,“ lead(带头的)author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13 ,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who
39、 participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition(营养的供给)Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the
40、 highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity(种族划分)had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 -year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a h
41、igh or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk d
42、ownward, they add.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT right?（分数：2.00）A.The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U. S. adult.B.Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.C.Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.D.The distribution of
43、the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.(2).According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, _of the U. S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years.（分数：2.00）A.three percentB.ten percentC.twenty percentD.eighty-two percent(3)._doe
44、s NOT have the least effect on risk distributions.（分数：2.00）A.AgeB.GenderC.RaceD.Blood group(4).Whats the percentage that 15% of the U. S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years?（分数：2.00）A.About 3%.B.Less than 10% .C.Betweenl0% -20%.D.Above 20%.(5).Dr. Daniel and Dr. Natha
45、n suggest reducing the risk of overall population by_.（分数：2.00）A.losing weightB.aggressive treatment measuresC.public health strategiesD.Both B and CBetter Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacter
46、ia that cause tuberculosis(结核病).Most times, the infection remains inactive(不活跃的). But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug - resistant forms of tuberculosis. C
47、urrent treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic(抗生素)drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel belter. Doing that can lead to an infection(传染病)that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculo
48、sis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers dev
