1、(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中经济科技(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as
2、Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined fo
3、rms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to
4、 the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.（分数：20.00）(1).Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or m
5、eaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design.（分数：4.00）_(2).But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational?（分数：4.00）_(3).Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where s
6、pecific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best?（分数：4.00）_(4).Can we say that there is no process of natural
7、 selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor?（分数：4.00）_(5).They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle
8、of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.（分数：4.00）_二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states hav
9、e already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethical questions over whether and how
10、to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.Toda
11、y, there is widespread agreement that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious
12、 conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.（分数：20.02）(1).After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has s
13、hifted to the states.（分数：2.86）_(2).Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.（分数：2.86）_(3).The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already cl
14、ouded by scientific and ethical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.（分数：2.86）_(4).Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adu
15、lts, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.（分数：2.86）_(5).Today, there is widespread agreement that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned.（分数：2.86）_(6).Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning em
16、bryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.（分数：2.86）_(7).The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.（分数：2.86）_三、试题 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Wel
17、l before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to man
18、agement.In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long ch
19、ampioned. In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate Americas most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the ineffici
20、encies of numerous “assistants to“.In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted managements a
21、bility to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. “This is morally and socially unforgivable,“ wrote Druckers, “and we will pay a heavy price for it./（分数：19.98）(1).Well before
22、 his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to management.
23、（分数：3.33）_(2).In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he l
24、ong championed.（分数：3.33）_(3).In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate Americas most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess sta
25、ff and the inefficiencies of numerous “assistants to“.（分数：3.33）_(4).In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made.（分数：3.33）_(5).He maintained that multi-million-dollar
26、severance packages had perverted managements ability to look out anything but itself, What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers.（分数：3.33）_(6).“This is morally and socially unforgivable,“ wrote Druckers, “and
27、we will pay a heavy price for it./（分数：3.33）_四、试题 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)During the term of this Contract, all technical documentation, including but not limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques and know-how, to be provided by one Party to the other shall be tr
28、eated by the recipient as “Confidential Information“. Each Party agrees to use Confidential Information received from the other Party only for the purpose contemplated by this Contract and for no other purposes. Confidential Information provided is not to be reproduced in any form except as required
29、 to accomplish the intent of, and in accordance with the terms of, this Contract. Title to such information and the interest related thereto shall remain with the provider all the time.Each Party shall provide the same care to avoid disclosure or unauthorized use of the other Partys Confidential Inf
30、ormation as it provides to protect its own similar proprietary information. Confidential Information must be kept by the recipient in a secure place with access limited to only such Partys employees or agents who need to know such information for the purposes of this Contract and who have similarly
31、agreed to keep such information confidential pursuant to a written confidentiality agreement which reflects the terms hereof. The obligations of confidentiality pursuant to this Article shall survive the termination or expiration of this Contract for a period of five years.（分数：20.02）(1).During the t
32、erm of this Contract, all technical documentation, including but not limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques and know-how, to be provided by one Party to the other shall be treated by the recipient as “Confidential Information“.（分数：2.86）_(2).Each Party
33、agrees to use Confidential Information received from the other Party only for the purpose contemplated by this Contract and for no other purposes.（分数：2.86）_(3).Confidential Information provided is not to be reproduced in any form except as required to accomplish the intent of, and in accordance with
34、 the terms of, this Contract.（分数：2.86）_(4).Title to such information and the interest related thereto shall remain with the provider all the time.（分数：2.86）_(5).Each Party shall provide the same care to avoid disclosure or unauthorized use of the other Partys Confidential Information as it provides t
35、o protect its own similar proprietary information.（分数：2.86）_(6).Confidential Information must be kept by the recipient in a secure place with access limited to only such Partys employees or agents who need to know such information for the purposes of this Contract and who have similarly agreed to ke
36、ep such information confidential pursuant to a written confidentiality agreement which reflects the terms hereof.（分数：2.86）_(7).The obligations of confidentiality pursuant to this Article shall survive the termination or expiration of this Contract for a period of five years.（分数：2.86）_五、试题 5(总题数：1，分数
37、：20.00)Amid the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, Americas economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery. Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers are bracing for
38、a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuilt their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise. There is, however, something that eventually will have a much bigger impact on Americans prosperity than the slope of the recovery. That is the effect of the crisis on Americas
39、potential rate of growth itself.An economys long-term speed limit(its “trend“ or “potential“ rate of growth)is the pace at which GDP can expand without affecting unemployment and, hence, inflation. It is determined by growth in the supply of labor along with the speed with which productivity improve
40、s. The pace of potential growth helps determine the sustainability of everything from public debt to the prices of shares. Unfortunately, the outlook for Americas potential growth rate was darkening long before the financial crisis hit. The IT-induced productivity revolution, which sent potential ou
41、tput soaring at the end of the 1990s, has waned. More important, Americas labor supply is growing more slowly as the population ages, the share of women working has leveled off and that of students who work has fallen.（分数：19.98）(1).Amid the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, Americ
42、as economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery,（分数：3.33）_(2).Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuilt their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise.（分数：3.33）
