1、(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中文化历史(一)及答案解析(总分：100.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only “the almighty dollar“. We scramble to “keep up wi
2、th the Joneses“. The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmon
3、y, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the worlds supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the worlds population but consume over a third of the worlds energy. These are now familia
4、r complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the “pursuit of happiness“ to mean the pursuit of material things.（分数：40.00）(1).A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit.（分数：5.00）_(2).Amer
5、icans, it is alleged, worship only “the almighty dollar“.（分数：5.00）_(3).We scramble to “keep up with the Joneses“.（分数：5.00）_(4).The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics.（分数：5.00）_(5).Americans are
6、 said to live by a quantitative ethic.（分数：5.00）_(6).The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans.（分数：5.00）_(7).As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the worlds supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute
7、6 percent of the worlds population but consume over a third of the worlds energy.（分数：5.00）_(8).These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the “pursuit of happiness“ to mean the pursuit of material things.（分数：5.00）_二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A major source of anxiety
8、 about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in contempo
9、rary society. Thus, the current anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.The real problems facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is ofte
10、n suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptability. The idealization of the fami
11、ly as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is harmful has added considerable strain. The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical experience.（分数：40.02）(1).A major source of anxiety about th
12、e future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself.（分数：6.67）_(2).Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in cont
13、emporary society.（分数：6.67）_(3).Thus, the current anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.（分数：6.67）_(4).The real problems facing American families today are not s
14、ymptoms of breakdown as is often suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptabilit
15、y.（分数：6.67）_(5).The idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is harmful has added considerable strain.（分数：6.67）_(6).The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical ex
16、perience.（分数：6.67）_三、试题 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.O
17、ur own, our countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great an
18、d noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for l
19、iberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.（分数：20.00）(1).The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.（分数：4.00）_(2).Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submissi
20、on. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.（分数：4.00）_(3).Our own, our countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world.（分数：4.00）_(4).Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of t
21、he Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions.（分数：4.00）_(5).The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. L
22、et us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.（分数：4.00）_(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中文化历史(一)答案解析(总分：100.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A commonplace criticism of American culture is its ex
23、cessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only “the almighty dollar“. We scramble to “keep up with the Joneses“. The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commenta
24、ry by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the worlds s
25、upply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the worlds population but consume over a third of the worlds energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the “pursuit of happiness“ to mean the pursuit of material thi
26、ngs.（分数：40.00）(1).A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(人们常常批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品，却忽略了人的精神需求。)解析：解析 不仅词语可以转译，句子甚至是段落都可以转译，当然句子成分也相应发生改变。上句的主语即译成谓语。主语还可根据需要或句式结构转译为宾语、定语、状语等。The rotation o
27、f the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。(主语转译成谓语)As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴点燃时会发出光和热。(主语转译成宾语)Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature. 没有空气，地球的温度会发生极大的变化。(主语转译成定语)A semiconductor has a poor conductivity at
28、room temperature, but it may become a good conductor at high temperature. 在室温下，半导体的电导率差，但在高温下它可能成为良导体。(主语转译成定语)May 2008 found her working in a research center. 2008 年 5 月她在一家研究中心工作。(主语转译为状语)criticism 意思是“批评”，后缀-ism 用法之一表示某种行为的过程或结果，如 simplism(片面看问题)，ostracism(排斥)，terrorism(恐怖行动)等。翻译时不能一成不变地把-ism 译成汉
29、语的“主义”，而应根据不同语境灵活处理。它还可表示文学或艺术流派(如表现主义 expressionism, Socratism 苏格拉底派)，宗教派别(如天主教 Catholicism，佛教 Buddhism)，学术理论或观点的“论、术、学或法”(如不可知论agnosticism，磁学 magnetism)，意识形态方面的某种信念、原则或理论体系(激进主义 activism，民族主义 nationalism，唯心主义 idealism)，某一语言的特征或风格(Americanism 美国用语，Africanism 非洲人讲英语的风格)，某一地方的人的风格、特征或习惯(Orientalism 东
30、方人特征，Asianism 亚洲人风格，urbanism 城市居民的生活方式)，表示人的偏见(speciesism 物种歧视，ageism 年龄歧视)，表示事物特性(professionalism 职业精神，antagonism 敌意)，等等。(2).Americans, it is alleged, worship only “the almighty dollar“.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(据称，美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。)解析：解析 allege 一词多译为“断言，声称”，在上句中也是表达此意思。该词在英美常用于法律方面，意思为“在证据不足的情况下指控”，故可译为“涉嫌”，如：
31、Mr. Jackson is alleged to have been at the center of an international drug ring. 杰克逊先生涉嫌曾是一个国际贩毒集团的核心人物。(3).We scramble to “keep up with the Joneses“.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(美国人会盲目地在生活上竞相攀比。)解析：解析 keep with the Joneses 用简洁明快的“盲目攀比”译出其意。成语的形象如难以进入译入语，或是进入译语后显得拖沓繁冗，则可考虑采取意译。如：the salt of the earth 社会中坚或优秀分子；t
32、he Achilles Heel 致命伤或唯一要害，go Dutch 各自付帐，to be born in the purple 出身名门望族。直译可在一定程度上保留原文的色彩，如 the almighty dollar(万能的美元)，a bolt from the blue(晴天霹雳)，a dark horse(黑马)，部分直译、部分意译的则有 to kill two birds with one stone(一箭双雕)，the black sheep(害群之马、败家子)，birds of a feather flock together(物以类聚，人以群分)。(4).The love af
33、fair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(美国人钟情于汽车，这一直是国内外批评家嘲笑美国人的话。)解析：解析 love affair 一语在英语中作为比喻可用于多种场合，在汉语的使用中则范围较窄，往往采用较为婉转的表达方式。(5).Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic.（分数
34、：5.00）_正确答案：(美国人遵循数量的信条。)解析：解析 ethic 一词语义丰富，有“伦理，道德；信条，信仰”等。根据上下文此处译成“信条，信念”较合适。再如：Our professional ethic enjoins us to stay uncommitted and report the facts. 我们的职业道德要求我们保持中立，报道事实真相。Now America is embracing a new ethic and a new creed “Lets roll“. 现在，美国人遵循的是一个新的信条，即“让我们摇滚吧。”If you travel across Amer
35、ica, you will find people of many different ethic backgrounds and many different faiths. 如果你去美国旅行的话，你会见到来自不同种族背景和有着不同信仰的人。(6).The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(温文尔雅，和睦相处，量入为出对于大多数美国人来说都成了过眼烟云。)解析：解析 这句可分成几个短句。正确、合理地
36、使用汉语成语，不但能准确表达原文意思，还能给译文增添几分文采。上文翻译即采用了这一方法。再如：Hijackers rammed two jetliners into each of New Yorks World Trade Center towers yesterday, toppling both in a hellish storm of ash, glass, smoke and leaping victims. 几名劫机分子昨日劫持两架喷气式飞机撞向纽约世贸中心，致使双塔轰然倒塌，顿时尘土飞扬，玻璃飞溅，浓烟滚滚，人们四处逃生。这一切构成了一幅地狱般的场景。It is sometim
37、es said that the English are a polite people. This can make life difficult for foreigners. 时而传闻英国人彬彬有礼，这却使外国人与之相处起来左右为难。He described all the things he had seen and heard. Many people read Marco Polos book, but few believed what he said. 他描绘了自己耳闻目睹的一切。阅读过马可波罗著作的大有人在，但相信他那一套的却寥寥无几。(7).As a result, we
38、are said to be swallowing up the worlds supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the worlds population but consume over a third of the worlds energy.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(其结果是我们美国人被说成吞噬着世界上不可再生的自然资源。美国人占世界人口的百分之六，却消耗着世界上三分之一以上的能源。)解析：解析 这两句分别为复合句和简单句。复合句中的谓语部
39、分 to be swallowing up 也可意译为“消耗、用掉”等。非限制性定语 which are irreplaceable 也可后置译为“(而)这一切是不可再生的”。主语 we 增译为“我们美国人”的做法值得借鉴。(8).These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the “pursuit of happiness“ to mean the pursuit of material things.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(这些是我们现在常常听到的抱怨。的确，在某
40、些方面，美国人可能信奉“追求幸福”就是追求物质享受。)解析：解析 这两句句式不复杂，理解也不很难。但在表达上，译文作了部分有益的更改。如第一句直译则为“这些是现在熟悉的抱怨”，显然参考译文则顺畅得多。又如，the pursuit of material things的翻译一是把名词短语译为动宾结构(追求物质享受)，二是把 material things 从直译的“物质/物质事物”转译为“物质享受”，通畅多了。二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not s
41、o much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in contemporary society. Thus, the current anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.The real problems facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often suggeste
