1、(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中文化历史(二)及答案解析(总分：101.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：36.00)Yet the U.S. benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door. Broke after its Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable re
2、al estate transactions ever made. Napoleon would not have sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants. It would take six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti“s independence. Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 mill
3、ion francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19year U.S. occupation and two subsequent in starvations in the past 100 years. Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.
4、S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate prophecy for America“s plundered neighbor: “The spirit of the times . will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt. The shackles. which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war, will remain on long, w
5、ill be made heavier.“ Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospered. If that had been the case, this year Haiti would celebrating the bicentennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.（分数：36.00）(1).Yet the U.S. benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door. Bro
6、ke after its Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million.（分数：6.00）_(2).The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable real estate transactions ever made.（分数：6.00）_(3).Napoleon would not have sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistan
7、ce of Haitian inhabitants. It would take six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti“s independence.（分数：6.00）_(4).Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide towa
8、rd turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19-year U.S. occupation and two subsequent interventions in the past 100 years.（分数：6.00）_(5).Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate
9、prophecy for America“s plundered neighbor: “The spirit of the times. will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt. The shackles. which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war, will remain on long, will be made heavier.“（分数：6.00）_(6).Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospe
10、red. If that had been the case, this year Haiti would be celebrating the bicentennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.（分数：6.00）_二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The task of writing a history of our nation from Rome“s earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings and even were I co
11、nfident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so. I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: Every writer on history tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in poin
12、t of style, or bring new facts to light. Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them; if so, I must comfort myself with the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition. My task, moreover, is an immensely labori
13、ous one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast that any adequate treatment is hardly possible. I shall find antiquity a rewarding study. If only, because while I am absorbed in it, I shall
14、 be able to turn my eyes from the troubles, which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over anxious consideration, which may well plague a writer in contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.（分数：25.00）(1).The task of writing a histo
15、ry of our nation from Rome“s earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings and even were I confident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so.（分数：5.00）_(2).I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: Every writer on history
16、 tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in point of style, or bring new facts to light.（分数：5.00）_(3).Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them; if so, I must comfort myself w
17、ith the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition.（分数：5.00）_(4).My task, moreover, is an immensely laborious one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast
18、 that any adequate treatment is hardly possible.（分数：5.00）_(5).I shall find antiquity a rewarding study. If only, because while I am absorbed in it, I shall be able to turn my eyes from the troubles, which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over anxious cons
19、ideration, which may well plague a writer in contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.（分数：5.00）_三、试题 3(总题数：1，分数：40.00)August was once a time for dreaming, wandering the empty streets of this city, reading silly-season newspaper stories after a leisurely lunch, gazing at s
20、quares where fountains plashed and the pregnant or the old chatted on benches at dusk. Then something happened. The world speeded up. Stress levels soared. Idle moments evaporated. Egos expanded. Money outpaced politics. Rage surged. August aborted this year. It morphed into the serious season. The
21、beach lost out to the barricades. A time of outrage is upon us. Now a feeling has grown in Western societies that uncontrollable forces are at work shrinking possibility. History has never seen a global power shift as radical as the current one that managed to be peaceful. Growth, jobs, expansion, e
22、xcitementand, yes, possibilitylie in the great non-Western arc from China through India to South Africa and Brazil. The world has been turned upside-down. What we are witnessing is how shaken Western societies are by such inversion. As new powers emerge, globalization has altered the relationship be
23、tween capital and labor in the former“s favor. Returns on capital have proved higher relative to wages. The gap between rich and poor has become a gulf. The only people who walked away unscathed from the great financial binge were its main architects and greatest beneficiaries: such as bankers and f
24、inanciers. This, too, is fueling a time of outrage that has left Western politicians chasing shadows.（分数：40.02）(1).August was once a time for dreaming, wandering the empty streets of this city, reading silly-season newspaper stories after a leisurely lunch, gazing at squares where fountains plashed
25、and the pregnant or the old chatted on benches at dusk.（分数：6.67）_(2).Then something happened. The world speeded up. Stress levels soared. Idle moments evaporated. Egos expanded. Money outpaced politics. Rage surged. August aborted this year. It morphed into the serious season. The beach lost out to
26、the barricades. A time of outrage is upon us.（分数：6.67）_(3).Now a feeling has grown in Western societies that uncontrollable forces are at work shrinking possibility. History has never seen a global power shift as radical as the current one that managed to be peaceful.（分数：6.67）_(4).Growth, jobs, expa
27、nsion, excitementand, yes, possibilitylie in the great non-Western arc from China through India to South Africa and Brazil. The world has been turned upside-down. What we are witnessing is how shaken Western societies are by such inversion.（分数：6.67）_(5).As new powers emerge, globalization has altere
28、d the relationship between capital and labor in the former“s favor. Returns on capital have proved higher relative to wages. The gap between rich and poor has become a gulf.（分数：6.67）_(6).The only people who walked away unscathed from the great financial binge were its main architects and greatest be
29、neficiaries: such as bankers and financiers. This, too, is fueling a time of outrage that has left Western politicians chasing shadows.（分数：6.67）_(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中文化历史(二)答案解析(总分：101.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：36.00)Yet the U.S. benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door. Broke after it
30、s Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable real estate transactions ever made. Napoleon would not have sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants. It would t
31、ake six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti“s independence. Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19year U
32、.S. occupation and two subsequent in starvations in the past 100 years. Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate prophecy for America“s plundered neighbor: “The spirit of the t
33、imes . will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt. The shackles. which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war, will remain on long, will be made heavier.“ Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospered. If that had been the case, this year Haiti would celebrating the bicen
34、tennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.（分数：36.00）(1).Yet the U.S. benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door. Broke after its Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million.（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：然而美国却从其近邻的殖民地纷争中获利颇丰。法国在海地遭到失败后，把一大块土地以 1500 万美元的价格卖
35、给了美国。 解析 strife 意为“争吵，冲突”，其同义词有contradiction，conflict，inconsistency，clash 等。 contradiction 指言语行为自相抵触；conflict指民族、宗教争执冲突或领土争端导致的“矛盾”。“矛盾百出”可译为 be full of inconsistencies，上下辈之间的“矛盾”可译为 generational clash，“家庭矛盾”则为family/domestic strife，“他们俩闹矛盾”为 The two of them have fallen out，“我的心情很矛盾”则为 My feelings a
36、re mixed。 (2).The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable real estate transactions ever made.（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：“路易斯安那购地”被证明是以往所有的地产买卖中获利最丰的交易之一。 解析 real estate根据上下文译为“房地产”或“地产”。表示“地产”的英语词语还有 fixed property, immovable property 和 property assets 等。 (3).Napoleon would not have
37、 sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants. It would take six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti“s independence.（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：要不是海地人民的勇气和顽强抵抗，拿破仑是不会出售他拥有的这块土地的。美国在 60 年之后才承认了海地的独立。 解析 本句涉及英语的虚拟语气和词义具体化。except for 相当于一个虚拟语气结构，汉译时要译出“要不是”的含义；cl
38、aims 原指“所拥有的权利”，这里根据上下文具体化为“所拥有的土地”。 (4).Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19-year U.S. occupation and two s
39、ubsequent interventions in the past 100 years.（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：与此同时，海地独立后受到孤立，并且为了得到法国的正式承认而不得不向其支付一亿法郎，在这种双重压力下，开始急速陷入混乱和附属地位，在过去 100 年中被美国占领了 19 年，并遭遇了两次武力干涉。 解析 该句为典型的英语形合句，谓语动词短语(began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency)的附着部分包括一过去分词短语和一现在分词短语，过去分词短语中还内嵌一定语从句。汉译时采用了拆句方法，把复杂的句式译为松
40、散的汉语小句。其次，要准确理解词义，dependency 本义为“依赖”，此处具体化为“附属”；perilous 本义为“危险的”，在与 slide 搭配后可直译为“危险的滑坡”。 (5).Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate prophecy for America“s plundered neighbo
41、r: “The spirit of the times. will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt. The shackles. which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war, will remain on long, will be made heavier.“（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：杰弗逊曾经描绘了美国的政治制度可能面临的最糟糕的前景并就此提出严厉警告，但是他的话结果却成了对受掠夺的美国邻居的准确预测：“时代精神是会改变的。我们的统治者会变得腐败在战争结束之时镣铐不
42、会摆脱掉会继续存在下去，而且会变得更加沉重。” 解析 本句前半部分注意措辞和语序，若直译 what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario，就是“在最糟糕的前景/情况下美国政体会发生什么”，虽然也可以理解，但终究表意含混，表达拗口；另外还应考虑到汉语叙事的逻辑顺序，先译“警告”的内容，再译“就此提出警告”。 (6).Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospered. If that had been the case, thi
43、s year Haiti would be celebrating the bicentennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.（分数：6.00）_正确答案：()解析：要是能获得公平的机会，海地是可以得到繁荣发展的。要是结果是这样的话，今年就是海地独立200 周年纪念日，其镣铐会轻得多、而且镣铐数量远远少得多。 解析 bicentennial 意为二百周年。bi-源于拉丁语，表示“二，两，双，重复”，多与形容词结合，或与词根结合成名词、形容词，如bicyclic 双环的，两轮的，binary 二，双，复。此外，英语词汇中有许多诸如 bi-表示数字的前缀，如下表所示。 前缀 意义
