1、(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中政治外交及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventually, being “poor“ won“t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.“ That was Bill Gates talkin
2、g in 1992. Way back then, the Microsoft chairman“s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would “change the world.“ When asked what he would do with his billions, the boy wonder of Silicon Valley used to shrug off the question, saying his
3、 long workdays didn“t leave time for charity. But now listen to the same Gates-or perhaps not quite the same Gages-talking in the fall of 2000: Whenever the computer industry has a panel about the digital divide and I“m on the panel, I always think, “OK, you want to send computers to Africa, what ab
4、out food and electricity-those computers aren“t going to be that valuable“. The mothers are going to walk right up to that computer and say: “My children are dying, what can you do?“ Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was
5、 obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry“s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world“s ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and gov
6、ernment aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.（分数：19.98）(1).Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventuall
7、y, being “poor“ won“t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.“ That was Bill Gates talking in 1992.（分数：3.33）_(2).Way back then, the Microsoft chairman“s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his product
8、s alone would “change the world.”（分数：3.33）_(3).Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around.（分数：3.33）_(4).The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry“s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets a
9、nd new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world“s ills.（分数：3.33）_(5).But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.（分数：3.33）_(6).He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is
10、 amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.（分数：3.33）_二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The most important fact in Washington“s failure on Thursday to be re-elected for the first time since 1947 to the U.N. Human Rights Commission is that it was Americ
11、a“s friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.-led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington; the shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S.
12、reelection turned their backs on Washington. Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism. They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington“s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines
13、to the Kyoto climate change treaty. They are also critical of what they see as Washington“s tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba when that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives but for the same reason voting alone i
14、n defence of Israel when that country is in the dock over its conduct.（分数：19.98）(1).The most important fact in Washington“s failure on Thursday to be re-elected for the first time since 1947 to the U.N. Human Rights Commission is that it was America“s friends, not its enemies, that engineered the de
15、feat.（分数：3.33）_(2).After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.-led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington;（分数：3.33）_(3).The shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S. reelection turned their ba
16、cks on Washington.（分数：3.33）_(4).Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.（分数：3.33）_(5).They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington“s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines
17、to the Kyoto climate change treaty.（分数：3.33）_(6).They are also critical of what they see as Washington“s tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba when that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives but for the same reason v
18、oting alone in defence of Israel when that country is in the dock over its conduct.（分数：3.33）_三、试题 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)France today is no superpower, but French influence in some spheres significant. Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War po
19、wers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council. Until the end of the Cold War, France rarely found itself in disagreement with or the U.S. on major issues. But the U.N. veto today takes on larger significance as France struggles to decide w
20、hether it wants to lead the European Union in defiance of American power or in partnership with it. As America“s great media outlets have begun preparing for coverage of the D-Day celebrations, the question of a “grand gesture“ by the French toward the American war in Iraq has been raised. Administr
21、ation officials hint that, perhaps, just perhaps, the French President will use the occasion of France“s rescue as an opportunity to square the accounts-to issue a blanket endorsement of America“s plan for Iraq“s future and throw its support behind the transfer of power looming at the end of the mon
22、th. France certainly wants the United States to be successful in Iraq at this point. But France seems unlikely to see D-Day as an opportunity to make good on a 60-year-old debt. Beyond nice speeches and some truly fine cuisine, don“t expect France to liberate America from Iraq.（分数：20.02）(1).France t
23、oday is no superpower, but French influence in some spheres significant.（分数：2.86）_(2).Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War powers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council.（分数
24、：2.86）_(3).Until the end of the Cold War, France rarely found itself in disagreement with or the U.S. on major issues.（分数：2.86）_(4).But the U.N. veto today takes on larger significance as France struggles to decide whether it wants to lead the European Union in defiance of American power or in partn
25、ership with it.（分数：2.86）_(5).As America“s great media outlets have begun preparing for coverage of the D-Day celebrations, the question of a “grand gesture“ by the French toward the American war in Iraq has been raised.（分数：2.86）_(6).Administration officials hint that, perhaps, just perhaps, the Fren
26、ch President will use the occasion of France“s rescue as an opportunity to square the accounts-to issue a blanket endorsement of America“s plan for Iraq“s future and throw its support behind the transfer of power looming at the end of the month.（分数：2.86）_(7).France certainly wants the United States
27、to be successful in Iraq at this point. But France seems unlikely to see D-Day as an opportunity to make good on a 60-year-old debt. Beyond nice speeches and some truly fine cuisine, don“t expect France to liberate America from Iraq.（分数：2.86）_四、试题 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A proposal to change long-standing
28、federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface-kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is “birthright citizenship“ provided for since the Constitution“s 14th Amendment was r
29、atified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.“ Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down
30、on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to
31、 end birthright citizenship. “Most Americans feel it doesn“t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,“ said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they“ll
32、 claim you“re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn“t want to deal with that.“（分数：20.00）(1).A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurfacekin
33、dling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.（分数：5.00）_(2).At issue is “birthright citizenship“provided for since the Constitution“s 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States,
34、 and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.“（分数：5.00）_(3).Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship au
35、tomatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.（分数：5.00）_(4).Most Americans feel it doesn“t make any sense for people to come into the country ille
36、gally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen, said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they“ll claim you“re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn“t want to deal with that.“（分数：5.00）_五、试题 5(总
37、题数：1，分数：10.00)When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a communityand a nationtraumatized by Saturday“s shooting rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush“s speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service Pr
38、esident Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995. But Mr. Obama“s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies-which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted part
39、isan divisionsthis one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide. It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs n
40、ot to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right. It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as
41、president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturday“s shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together.“（分数：10.00）(1).When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a communityand a nationtraumati
42、zed by Saturday“s shooting rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush“s speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995.（分数：2.00）_(2).But Mr. Obama“s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedieswhich, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisionsthis one has, in the days since
