1、美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)冲刺试卷二 2017年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、单项选择题（共 50题，每题 2分(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.When teaching the parents of a toddler with a congenital heart defect, the nurse should explain all medical treatments and should emphasize which instruction about their child（分数：2.00）A.Reduce the caloric in
2、take to decrease cardiac demand.B.Relax discipline and limit setting to prevent crying.C.Avoid contact with small children to reduce overstimulation.D.Try to maintain the usual lifestyle to promote normal development.2.The nurse is developing a discharge plan for a client who had cataract removal. W
3、hich of the following should be included in the discharge plan（分数：2.00）A.Wear cataract glasses that correct vision by magnifying objects.B.Wear corrective glasses or contact lenses.C.Wear glasses only until the eye heals.D.Relearn to judge distances accurately.3.A client with stress incontinence ask
4、s the nurse what kind of diet she should follow at home. Which of the following diet regime would most likely be recommended by the nurse（分数：2.00）A.Avoid alcohol and caffeine.B.Decrease fluid intake.C.Increase intake of fruit juice.D.Avoid milk products.4.Mrs. S with preterm labor will be under Terb
5、utaline (Brethine) therapy. Before beginning the therapy, which of the following assessments would be most important（分数：2.00）A.Estimated fetal size.B.Maternal heart rate.C.Contraction intensity.D.Deep tendon reflexes.5.A neonate receives an Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 5-minute Ap
6、gar score is more predictive for which of the following（分数：2.00）A.Residual neurologic damage.B.Residual respiratory depression.C.Congenital heart defects.D.Gestational age of the neonate.6.The nurse is providing care for a client with multiple myeloma, a disorder characterized by episodes of remissi
7、ons and exacerbations. Which of the following resources can best help the client adapt to the disease（分数：2.00）A.The clients family.B.Support group.C.Pastoral care.D.Hospice care.7.A client with heart failure asks the nurse about the reason for taking enalapril maleate. The nurse would explain that t
8、he medication is prescribed for which of the following reason（分数：2.00）A.Lower the blood pressure by increasing peripheral vasoconstriction.B.Lower the heart rate by slowing the conduetion system.C.Block the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin .D.Increase myocardial contractility, thereby improv
9、ing cardiac output.8.The nurse inspects a clients back and notices small hemorrhagic spots. The nurse documents that the client has（分数：2.00）A.extravasation.B.osteomalacia.C.petechiae.D.uremia.9.The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old during a wellness checkup. Which of the following is a normal develo
10、pmental task for an infant this age（分数：2.00）A.Sitting without support.B.Saying two words.C.Feeding himself with a spoon.D.Playing patty-cake.10.A client with schizophrenia hears a voice telling him he is evil and must die. The nurse understands that the client is experiencing（分数：2.00）A.a delusion.B.
11、flight of ideas.C.ideas of reference.D.a hallucination.11.Assessment of a client in active labor reveals meconium-stained amniotic fluid and fetal heart sounds in the upper right quadrant. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this situation（分数：2.00）A.Breech position.B.Late deceleration
12、s.C.Entrance into the second stage of labor.D.Multiple gestation.12.A client in a psychiatric clinic unit tells the nurse, “I dont think I can face going home tomorrow. “ The nurse replies, “Do you want to talk more about it“ The nurse is using which of the following techniques（分数：2.00）A.Presenting
13、reality.B.Making observations.C.Restating.D.Exploring.13.The nurse would teach the client to implement which of the following nasal care measures after the nasal packing is removed（分数：2.00）A.Irrigate the nares with normal saline solution daily.B.Remove old blood from inside the nares with cotton-tip
14、ped applicators.C.Avoid cleaning the nares for at least 2 days.D.For comfort lubricate the membranes with a water-soluble lubricant.14.Which of the following would the nurse do for a 4-year-old girl who has just had a lumbar puncture（分数：2.00）A.Administer narcotic analgesic for insertion site pain.B.
15、Encourage the parents to hold the child.C.Ensure the child lies flat for at least 8 hours.D.Place a sandbag over the puncture site for 3 hours.15.A mother of an ill child tells the nurse that her child “isnt eating well. “ Which of the following strategies devised by the mother to help increase the
16、childs intake is not appropriate（分数：2.00）A.Asking the child to say why he is not eating.B.Telling the child he must eat or else he will not get better.C.Allowing the child to choose his meals from an acceptable list of foods.D.Letting the child to substitute items on his tray for other nutritious fo
17、ods.16.Following a cystoscopy that confirmed a diagnosis of bladder cancer, a client is scheduled for chemotherapy and a ileal conduit urinary diversion. The nurse should include which of the following points in the clients preoperative teaching（分数：2.00）A.The clients need to perform stoma self-care
18、immediately after surgery.B.The clients need to remain on bed rest for 3 days following surgery.C.The procedure creates a stoma and he must wear a pouch afterward.D.The client will be able to control urine passage through the stoma.17.The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant with tetralogy of F
19、allot. The mother asks what to do when her infant becomes very blue and has trouble breathing after crying. The nurse should tell the mother,（分数：2.00）A.“Leave the infant alone until the crying stops. “B.“Put the infant in the knee-chest position. “C.“Offer the infant a bottle of formula. “D.“Take th
20、e infant for a ride in the car. “18.The nurse is administering magnesium sulfate to a client with preeclampsia. The nurse explains to the client that this drug is given for which of the following reason（分数：2.00）A.To prevent seizures.B.To reduce blood pressure.C.To slow the process of labor.D.To incr
21、ease diuresis.19.The nurse is interviewing a client who is currently under the influence of a controlled substance and shows signs of becoming agitated. What should the nurse do（分数：2.00）A.Use confrontation.B.Express disgust with the clients behavior.C.Be aware of hospital security.D.Communicate a sc
22、olding attitude to intimidate the client.20.A client has had a total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Which one of the following is the most appropriate expected outcomes about nutrition（分数：2.00）A.The client will learn to self-administer enteral feedings every 4 hours.B.The client will maintain adequ
23、ate nutrition through oral or parenteral feedings.C.The client will regain any weight lost within 4 weeks of the surgical procedure.D.The client will eat three full meals a day without experiencing gastric complications.21.Lily, a 23-month-old, pulled a pan of hot water off the stove and spilled it
24、onto her chest and arms. Her mother was right there when it happened. Which of the following is the most appropriate that the mother should have done immediately（分数：2.00）A.Call the neighbor to come over and help her.B.Place the child in the bathtub of cool water.C.Apply antibiotic ointment to the bu
25、rned areas.D.Apply ice directly to the burned areas.22.At what gestational age would a primigravida expect to feel “quickening“（分数：2.00）A.12 weeks.B.16 to 18 weeks.C.20 to 22 weeks.D.By the end of the 26th week.23.The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing sinus bradycardia with a pulse ra
26、te of 40 beats/minute. His blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg and he complains of dizziness. Which medication would be used to treat his bradycardia（分数：2.00）A.Atropine.B.Dobutamine (Dobutrex).C.Bretylium (Bretylol).D.Lidocaine (Xylocaine).24.Theophylline ethylenediamide is administered to a client with CO
27、PD. The nurse knows that the medication is for which of the following purpose（分数：2.00）A.To reduce bronchial secretions.B.To relax bronchial smooth muscle.C.To strengthen myocardial contractions.D.To decrease alveolar elasticity.25.After cancer chemotherapy, a client develops nausea and vomiting. For
28、 this client, the nurse should give the highest priority to which action in the plan of care（分数：2.00）A.Serve small portions of bland food.B.Encourage rhythmic breathing exercise.C.Administer metoclopramide (Reglan) and dexamethasone (Decadron) as prescribed.D.Withhold fluids for the first 4 to 6 hou
29、rs after chemotherapy administration.26.A client is being admitted to the labor unit. Because shes well advanced in labor, the nurse must prioritize the admission questions. Which information is most important to obtain when birth is imminent（分数：2.00）A.Duration of previous labor.B.Frequency of contr
30、actions.C.Presence of bloody show.D.Expected due date.27.Which of the following activities should the nurse discourage the client with a peptic ulcer（分数：2.00）A.Chewing gum.B.Smoking cigarettes.C.Eating chocolate.D.Taking acetaminophen (Tylenol).28.The mother of a 9-month-old asks about adding new fo
31、ods to his diet. The child is being breast-fed and takes formula and cereal when at the sitters. Which of the following would the nurse instruct the mother to do（分数：2.00）A.Mix new foods with formula or breast milk.B.Mix new foods with more familiar foods.C.Offer new foods one at a time.D.Offer new f
32、oods after giving formula or breast milk.29.Most antipsychotic medications exert which of the following effects on the central nervous system (CNS)（分数：2.00）A.Stimulate the CNS by blocking postsynaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin receptors.B.Sedate the CNS by stimulating serotonin at the
33、synaptic cleft.C.Depress the CNS by blocking the postsynaptic transmission of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.D.Depress the CNS by stimulating the release of acetylcholine.30.A 28-year-old client delivered a full-term male neonate one hour ago. Which finding should the nurse expect when palp
34、ating the clients fundus（分数：2.00）A.Soft, at the level of the umbilicus.B.Firm, 2 cm below the umbilicus.C.Firm, at the level of the umbilicus.D.Boggy, midway between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis.31.A woman seeking help at a community mental health center complains of fatigue, sensitivity to cri
35、ticism, decreased libido, and feeling self-conscious. She also has aches and pains. Which of the following might be a nursing diagnosis for this client（分数：2.00）A.Delayed growth and development.B.Ineffective role performance.C.Posttrauma syndrome.D.Chronic low self-esteem.32.A client being evaluated
36、in the emergency department complains of chest pain that radiates to his neck, shoulders, back, and arms, which decreases when he sits up and leans forward. Based on this assessment, the nurse suspects that he has（分数：2.00）A.developed another myocardial infarction (MI).B.endocarditis.C.pericarditis.D
37、.myocarditis.33.The client is taking lithium (Lithobid). Which instruct should the nurse give to the client（分数：2.00）A.Drink at least six to eight glasses of water per day and to avoid caffeine.B.Limit the use of salt in his diet.C.Discontinue medicine when feeling better.D.Increase the amount of sod
38、ium in his diet.34.The nurse is irrigating a clients colostomy when the client complains of abdominal cramping after receiving about 100 mL of the irrigating solution. What should the nurse do first（分数：2.00）A.Stop the flow of solution temporarily.B.Reposition the client on to her right side.C.Remove
39、 the irrigation tube.D.Massage the abdomen gently.35.An adolescent girl who is receiving chemotherapy for leukemia is admitted for pneumonia. The adolescents platelet count is 50,000 L. Which of the following would be inappropriate to include in the plan of care（分数：2.00）A.A sign over the bed that re
40、ads “NO NEEDLE STICKS AND NOTHING PER RECTUM“.B.Two peripheral IV intermittent infusion devices, one for blood draws and one for infusions.C.Administration of oxygen at a rate of 4 L/min using a nonhumidified nasal cannula.D.Use of a tympanic membrane sensor to measure the clients temperature at the
41、 bedside.36.The nurse is caring for a client with acute osteomyelitis in the right tibia. Which of the following measures is most appropriate when repositioning the clients leg（分数：2.00）A.Hold the leg by the ankle when repositioning to avoid touching the tibia.B.Support the leg above and below the af
42、fected area when positioning.C.Have the client move the leg by himself to decrease pain.D.Apply warm moist compresses to the leg before repositioning.37.Which of the following findings in a clients history would be most likely to predispose her to renal calculi（分数：2.00）A.The client takes large doses
43、 of vitamin .B.The client drinks one to two glasses of fluid daily.C.The client had a urinary tract infection within the last 6 months.D.The client eats a diet that meets the daily requirements for calcium.38.Which of the following is an early symptom of glaucoma（分数：2.00）A.Hazy vision.B.Loss of cent
44、ral vision.C.Blurred or “sooty“ vision.D.Impaired peripheral vision.39.A client who has stress incontinence has been given a pamphlet that describes Kegel exercises. Which of the following statements indicates that the client has understood the instructions in the pamphlet（分数：2.00）A.“It will probabl
45、y take a year before the exercises are effective. “B.“I should perform these exercises every evening. “C.“I can do these exercises sitting up, lying down, or standing. “D.“I need to tighten my abdominal muscles to do these exercises correctly. “40.When caring for a client with ulcerative colitis, th
46、e nurse should include which of the following nursing interventions in the plan of care（分数：2.00）A.Encouraging the use of stool softeners.B.Suggesting sitz baths as needed.C.Arrange for the client to have a private bathroom.D.Wearing a gown to provide direct care.41.The nurse is providing care for a
47、pregnant client. The client asks the nurse how she can best deal with her fatigue. The nurse should instruct her to（分数：2.00）A.take sleeping pills for a restful nights sleep.B.try to get more rest by going to bed earlier.C.take her prenatal vitamins.D.tell her not to worry because the fatigue will go
48、 away soon.42.A breast-feeding neonate will turn his head toward the mothers breast in a natural instinct to find food. What is the name of this reflex（分数：2.00）A.Tonic neck reflex.B.Moros reflex.C.Grasp reflex.D.Rooting reflex.43.A client is experiencing an early postpartum hemorrhage. Which action
49、is inappropriate（分数：2.00）A.Inserting an indwelIing urinary catheter.B.Fundal massage.C.Administration of oxytoxics.D.Pad count.44.A 24-year-old primipara decides to breast-feed her baby but says, “Im worried that I wont be able to breast-feed my baby because my breasts are so small. “ Which of the following is appropriate response by the nurse（分数：2.00）A.Because her breasts are small, she will have to feed the baby more often.B.Breast size poses no influence on a womans ability to breast-feed a baby.C.Breast milk can be enhanced by occasional formula feeding.D.The wo
