1、美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)冲刺试卷三 2017年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、单项选择题（共 50题，每题 2分(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.A 38-year-old client is admitted for alcohol withdrawal. The most common early sign or symptom that this client is likely to experience is（分数：2.00）A.impending coma.B.manipulating behavior.C.suppression.D.per
2、ceptual disorders.2.The nurse is administering neostigmine to a client with myasthenia gravis. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement（分数：2.00）A.Give the medication on an empty stomach.B.Warn the client that hell experience mouth dryness.C.Schedule the medication before meals.D.Adminis
3、ter the medication for complaints of muscle weakness or difficulty swallowing.3.Nursing implications for a client taking central nervous system (CNS) stimulants include monitoring the client for which of the following conditions（分数：2.00）A.Hyperpyrexia, slow pulse, and weight gain.B.Tachycardia, weig
4、ht loss, and mood swings.C.Hypotension, weight gain, and listlessness.D.Increased appetite, slowing of sensorium, and arrhythmias.4.Which of the following methods would the nurse use to feed an infant after surgical repair of cleft lip（分数：2.00）A.Gastric gavage.B.Intravenous fluids.C.Rubber-tipped me
5、dicine dropper.D.Bottle with a lambs nipple.5.The client is taking triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort) inhalant to treat her bronchial asthma. Which of the following conditions is the client at increased risk for developing while taking this medication（分数：2.00）A.Oral candidiasis.B.Hyperglycemia.C.Gas
6、tric ulcer.D.Fluid retention.6.Which of the following would the nurse expect to include in a community health program designed to control sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)（分数：2.00）A.Mass screening of all individuals.B.Location of the possible sources of infection.C.Treatment of those with the dis
7、ease.D.Isolation of those suspected of having STDs.7.Which nursing action is most effective in defusing a clients impending violent behavior（分数：2.00）A.Helping the client identify and express feelings of anxiety and anger.B.Involving the client in a quiet activity to divert attention.C.Leaving the cl
8、ient alone until he can talk about his feelings.D.Placing the client in seclusion.8.A 21-year-old client with a history of ulcerative colitis is hospitalized for an exacerbation. When planning dietary teaching, the nurse should recommend that the client consume（分数：2.00）A.high-protein foods, such as
9、eggs, meat, and cheese.B.whole milk and other dairy products.C.raw fruits and vegetables.D.products containing caffeine.9.Nursing care for a client after electroeonvulsive therapy (ECT) should include which of the following（分数：2.00）A.Nothing by mouth for 24 hours after the treatment because of the a
10、nesthetic agent.B.Bed rest for the first 8 hours after a treatment.C.Assessment of short-term memory loss.D.No special care.10.A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus who is a multigravida visits the clinic at 28 weeks gestation. Which of the following instruction by the nurse is
11、appropriate for the client（分数：2.00）A.Nonstress testing is performed weekly until 32 weeks gestation.B.Weekly fetal movement counts are made by the mother.C.Contraction stress testing is performed weekly.D.Induction of labor is begun at 34 weeks gestation.11.The nurse is preparing the client with hea
12、rt failure to go home. Which of the following should be most important to include in the discharge education（分数：2.00）A.Monitor urine output daily.B.Monitor daily potassium intake.C.Maintain bed rest for at least 1 week.D.Weigh daily.12.The nurse observes that the clients total parenteral nutrition (
13、TPN) solution is infusing too slowly. The nurse calculates that the client has received 300 mL less than was ordered for the day. What should the nurse do next（分数：2.00）A.Assess the infusion system, note the clients condition, and notify the physician.B.Discontinue the solution and administer dextros
14、e in 5% water until the infusion problem is resolved.C.Increase the flow rate to infuse an additional 300 mL over the next hour.D.Maintain the flow rate at the current rate and document any discrepancy in the chart.13.When developing a plan of home care for the client with multiple sclerosis, the nu
15、rse should teach the client about which of the following complications most likely to occur（分数：2.00）A.Ascites.B.Contractures.C.Fluid volume overload.D.Myocardial infarction.14.What activity orders would be appropriate for a client with an internal radium implant for cervical cancer（分数：2.00）A.Out of
16、bed as tolerated within the room.B.Bed rest with bathroom privileges.C.Bed rest in position of comfort.D.Bed rest with the head of the bed flat.15.When a client experiences a loss of vibratory sense on examination, this indicates（分数：2.00）A.injury to the cranial nerves.B.injury to the peripheral nerv
17、es.C.intact cranial nerves.D.intact peripheral nerves.16.A 23-year-old client in the manic phase of bipolar disorder is admitted to the facility. Which of the following agents would be appropriate for this client（分数：2.00）A.Bupropion (Wellbutrin) and lithium (Lithobid).B.Lithium (Lithobid) and valpro
18、ic acid (Depakene).C.Haloperidol (Haldol) and fluphenazine (Prolixin).D.Risperidone (Risperdal) and clozapine (Clozaril).17.A client who received general anesthesia returns from surgery. Postoperatively, which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for this client（分数：2.00）A.Acute pain related to s
19、urgery.B.Deficient fluid volume related to blood and fluid loss from surgery.C.Impaired physical mobility related to surgery.D.Risk for aspiration related to anesthesia.18.Which of the following nursing interventions is most important postoperatively for an infant who has received a ventriculoperito
20、neal shunt（分数：2.00）A.Monitoring intake and output.B.Initiating oral feedings.C.Allowing the infant to rest undisturbed.D.Providing age-appropriate diversionary activities.19.Which of the following would be most important to teach a client older than 65 years to prevent a recurrence of bacterial pneu
21、monia（分数：2.00）A.Change current diet habits.B.Seek prompt antibiotic therapy for viral infections.C.Receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy.D.Obtain annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.20.Which of the following activities should a 2-year-old child to be able to do()（分数：2.00）A.Build a tower of
22、eight cubes.B.Point out a picture.C.Wash and dry his hands.D.Remove a garment.21.A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect clinical manifestations similar to（分数：2.00）A.hypovolemic shock.B.adrenergic stimulation.C.benzodiazepine overdose.D.Addisons disease.22.A 2-year-old ch
23、ild is brought to the emergency room with a broken arm. Which of the following findings would lead the nurse to suspect child abuse（分数：2.00）A.The child has bruises on the forearms.B.The childs clothes are dirty, torn, and obviously “hand-me-downs. “C.The childs father alters the story of the injury
24、each time he tells it.D.The childs mother did not come to the hospital with the child.23.A client reports a severe headache shortly after a lumbar puncture for a myelogram. What would be the nurses best response（分数：2.00）A.Increase the clients fluid intake.B.Administer prescribed antihypertensives.C.
25、Offer roll lenses to the client.D.Place cooling packs over the lumbar puncture site.24.The plan of care for a client with hypertension taking propranolol hydrochloride would include which of the following（分数：2.00）A.Instructing the client to discontinue the drug if nausea occurs and to monitor blood
26、pressure.B.Instructing the client to notify the physician of irregular or slowed pulse rate.C.Monitoring blood pressure every week and adjusting the medication dose accordingly.D.Measuring partial thromboplastin time weekly to evaluate blood clotting status.25.The nurse must apply an elastic bandage
27、 to a clients ankle and calf. She should apply the bandage beginning at the clients（分数：2.00）A.foot.B.ankle.C.lower thigh.D.knee.26.Which of the following indications is the primary use for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)（分数：2.00）A.Severe agitation.B.Antisocial behavior.C.Noncompliance with treatment
28、.D.Major depression with psychotic features.27.Conditions necessary for the development of a positive sense of self-esteem include（分数：2.00）A.consistent limits.B.critical environment.C.inconsistent boundaries.D.physical discipline.28.A client with fecal impaction typically exhibits which clinical man
29、ifestation（分数：2.00）A.Liquid or semiliquid stools.B.Hard, brown, formed stools.C.Loss of urge to defecate.D.Increased appetite.29.A client complains of a severe, throbbing headache following a lumbar puncture. The priority nursing intervention for this client is to（分数：2.00）A.restrict fluid intake.B.i
30、ncrease fluid intake.C.raise the head of the bed.D.assess vital signs.30.A client is admitted to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug. The clients arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first（分数：2.00）A.Prepare to assist with
31、 ventilation.B.Monitor the clients heart rhythm.C.Prepare to begin gastric lavage.D.Obtain urine for drug screening.31.Labor is divided into how many stages（分数：2.00）A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.32.Which vaginal infection doesnt require treatment for sexual partners（分数：2.00）A.Neisseria gonorrhoeae.B.C
32、andida albicans.C.Trichomonas vaginalis.D.Chlamydia trachomatis.33.Two middle-aged sisters have been diagnosed with Huntingtons disease. The children of these clients want to know what their chances are of developing this genetic disorder. The nurses best response would be.（分数：2.00）A.“Only women bec
33、ome symptomatic. “B.“This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder, so each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. “C.“This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder, so each child has a 25% chance of inheriting it. “D.“Women are symptomatic and men are carriers of this disorder. “34.The nurse
34、 is caring for a toddler in respiratory arrest. The nurse will assist with endotracheal intubation and use an uncurled tube because the（分数：2.00）A.vocal cords provide a natural seal.B.trachea is shorter.C.larynx is anterior and cephalad.D.cricoid cartilage is the narrowest part of the larynx.35.A cli
35、ent with a spinal cord injury and subsequent urine retention receives intermittent catheterization every 4 hours. The average catheterized urine volume has been 550mL. What should the nurse do（分数：2.00）A.Increase the frequency of the catheterizations.B.Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.C.Place th
36、e client on fluid restrictions.D.Use a condom catheter instead of an invasive one.36.The nurse teaches the client with peptic ulcer disease about how to effectively adjust his response to work-related stress. Which of the following statements by the client indicates that the education is effective（分
37、数：2.00）A.“My job is too stressful. I will have to find a different career. “B.“I dont have any control over my stressors at work. My coworkers are difficult to work with. “C.“Well, I guess this ulcer means I wont be able to work toward a promotion. “D.“I will have to improve my ability to cope with
38、stress. “37.The physician decides to artificially rupture the membranes. Following this procedure, the nurse needs to check the fetal heart tones. Why should the nurse do so（分数：2.00）A.To determine fetal well-being.B.To prepare for an imminent delivery.C.To assess for prolapsed cord.D.To assess fetal
39、 position.38.The client with diverticulitis is treated as an outpatient with drug therapy. Which drug therapy will most probably be employed（分数：2.00）A.Antidepressants.B.Laxatives.C.Steroids.D.Broad-spectrum antibiotics.39.One day after an appendectomy, a 9-year-old rates his pain at 4 out of 5 on th
40、e pain scale but is playing video games and laughing with his friend. Which of the following would the nurse document on the childs chart（分数：2.00）A.The child is in no apparent distress, and no pain medication is needed at this time.B.The child rates pain at 4 out of 5. Pain medication administered a
41、s prescribed.C.The child doesnt understand the pain scale. Performed teaching to help child match his pain rating to how he appears to be feeling.D.The child rates his pain at 4 out of 5; however, he appears to be in no distress. Reassess when hes visibly showing signs of pain.40.Which of the follow
42、ing pieces of equipment would do best job to help prevent external rotation of the clients right leg postoperatively（分数：2.00）A.Sandbags.B.A high footboard.C.A rubber air ring.D.A metal bed cradle.41.A client asks the nurse what PSA is. The nurse should reply that it stands for（分数：2.00）A.prostate-spe
43、cific antigen, used to screen for prostate cancer.B.protein serum antigen, used to determine protein levels.C.pneumococcal strep antigen, a bacteria that causes pneumonia.D.papanicolaou-specific antigen, used to screen for cervical cancer.42.When administering an intramuscular injection to a neonate
44、, which of the following muscles would the nurse consider as the best injection site（分数：2.00）A.Deltoid.B.Dorsogluteal.C.Ventrogluteal.D.Vastus lateralis.43.A 30-year-old client with 7 months pregnancy reports severe leg cramps at night. Which nursing action would be most effective in helping her cop
45、e with these cramps（分数：2.00）A.Suggesting that she walk for 1 hour twice per day.B.Advising her to take over-the-counter calcium supplements twice per day.C.Teaching her to dorsiflex her foot during the cramp.D.Instructing her to increase milk and cheese intake to 8 to 10 servings per day.44.The uter
46、us returns to the pelvic cavity in which time frame（分数：2.00）A.7th to 9th day postpartum.B.2 weeks postpartum.C.End of the 6th week postpartum.D.When the lochia changes to alba.45.A 35-year-old multigravida at 16 weeks gestation tells the nurse that she has had frequent mood swings during this pregna
47、ncy. What would be the nurses best suggestion to the client（分数：2.00）A.Seek professional counseling.B.Keep her feelings to herself.C.Try to avoid fatigue and stress.D.Decrease her narcissistic behaviors.46.An elderly clients lithium level is 1.4 mEq/L. She complains of diarrhea, tremors, and nausea.
48、The nurses first action is to（分数：2.00）A.hold the lithium (Lithobid) and notify the physician.B.reassure the client that these are normal adverse effects.C.administer another lithium dose.D.discontinue the lithium.47.A 28-year-old nurse has complaints of itching and a rash of both hands. Contact derm
49、atitis is initially suspected. The diagnosis is confirmed if the rash appears（分数：2.00）A.erythematous with raised papules.B.dry and scaly with flaking skin.C.inflamed with weeping and crusting lesions.D.excoriated with multiple fissures.48.A client who has been using crutches at home for t week reports that he is having trouble using the crutches because his armpits hurt and his fingers tingle. What would be the nurses most appropriate response（分数：2.00）A.“You need to do more arm exercises. It sounds like your muscles need strengthening. “B.“Thats normal. As you a
