1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 83 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thin
2、king people are worrying about obesity. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around the
3、ir expanding bellies. Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians(马尔萨斯主义者) , who used to draw graphs proving that the world Was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his
4、 time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image pr
5、oblem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of apocalypse (启示录) , but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world“ s biggest public-health issue todaythe main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria,
6、war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast. With public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade pe
7、ople to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces,
8、 it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century“ s dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds, that“ s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them. (396 word
9、s)（分数：2.00）_3.The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new
10、 labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what
11、 they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is a
12、cquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing w
13、ith our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.（分数：2.00）_4.Athens and Sparta were both Greek cities and their people spoke a common language. In every other respect they were different. Athens rose high from the plain. It was a city exposed to the fresh breezes from the sea, willing to look at
14、the world with the eyes of a happy child. Sparta, on the other hand, was built at the bottom of a deep valley, and used the surrounding mountains as a barrier against foreign thought. Athens was a city of busy trade. Sparta was an armed camp where people were soldiers for the sake of being soldiers.
15、 The people of Athens loved to sit in the sun and discuss poetry or listen to the wise words of a philosopher. The Spartans, on the other hand, never wrote a single line that was considered literature, but they knew how to fight, they liked to fight, and they sacrificed all human emotions to their i
16、deal of military preparedness. No wonder that these somber Spartans viewed the success of Athens with malicious hate. The energy which the defense of the common home had developed in Athens was now used for purposes of a more peaceful nature. The Acropolis was rebuilt and was made into a marble shri
17、ne to the Goddess Athena. Pericles, the leader of the Athenian democracy, sent far and wide to find famous sculptors and painters and scientists to make the city more beautiful and the young Athenians more worthy of their home. At the same time he kept a watchful eye on Sparta and built high walls w
18、hich connected Athens with the sea and made her the strongest fortress of that day. An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens. During the third year of t
19、he war the plague had entered the city. More than half of the people and Pericles, the great leader, had been killed. The plague was followed by a period of bad and untrustworthy leadership. A brilliant young fellow by the name of Alcibiades had gained the favor of the popular assembly. He suggested
20、 a raid upon the Spartan colony of Syracuse in Sicily. An expedition was equipped and everything was ready.（分数：2.00）_5.Fanny, having been sent into the village on some errand by her aunt Norris, was overtaken by a heavy shower close to the Parsonage; and being descried from one of the windows endeav
21、oring to find shelter under the branches and lingering leaves of an oak just beyond their premises, was forced, though not without some modest reluctance on her part, to come in. A civil servant she had withstood; but when Dr. Grant himself went out with an umbrella, there was nothing to be done but
22、 to be very much ashamed, and to get into the house as fast as possible; and to poor Miss Crawford, who had just been contemplating the dismal rain in a very desponding state of mind, sighing over the ruin of all her plan of exercise for that morning, and of every chance of seeing a single creature
23、beyond themselves for the next twenty-four hours, the sound of a little bustle at the front door, and the sight of Miss Price dripping with wet in the vestibule, was delightful. The value of an event on a wet day in the country was most forcibly brought before her. She was all alive again directly,
24、and a-mong the most active in being useful to Fanny, in detecting her to be wetter than she would at first allow, and providing her with dry clothes; and Fanny, after being obliged to submit to all this attention , and to being assisted and waited on by mistresses and maids, being also obliged, on r
25、eturning downstairs, to be fixed in their drawing-room for an hour while the rain continued, the blessing of something fresh to see and think of was thus extended to Miss Crawford, and might carry on her spirits to the period of dressing and dinner.（分数：2.00）_6.Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and
26、fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and he
27、had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brooke“s patience to the utmost, displeased his grandfather by practicing half the afternoon, frightened the maidservants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied
28、 neglect of his horse, he had flung himself into his hammock to fume over the stupidity of the world in general, till the peace of the lovely day quieted him in spite of himself. Staring up into the green gloom of the horse-chestnut trees above him, he dreamed dreams of all sorts, and was just imagi
29、ning himself tossing on the ocean in a voyage round the world, when the sound of voices brought him ashore in a flash. Peeping through the meshes of the hammock, he saw the Marches coming out, as if bound on some expedition. “What in the world are those girls about now?“ thought Laurie, opening his
30、sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbors.（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 83 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking peo
31、ple worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in go
32、od years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies. Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians(马尔萨斯主义者) , who used to draw graphs proving that th
33、e world Was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new pla
34、gue that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of apocalypse (启示录) , but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world“ s b
35、iggest public-health issue todaythe main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on i
36、ts fearful consequences have come thick and fast. With public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Am
37、ericans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century“ s dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the
38、 pounds, that“ s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them. (396 words)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 当世界还是个简陋之地时，富人胖，穷人瘦，有识之士担忧的是如何喂饱穷人的问题。如今，在世界的多数地方，富人瘦，穷人胖，有识之士担忧的是肥胖问题。 这主要得归咎于进化。它设计出的人类只能应付贫乏，而不能应对富足。人们已完全适应在好年头储备能量以对付不景气的日子。然而，当坏日子永不来临时，他们受累于储藏在日益膨胀的肚
39、子周围的能量。 由于农业增产，全球不景气的日子更加罕见了。那些曾绘制图表证明世界不久将面临食物匮乏的现代马尔萨斯人口论的信徒们近来已有些沉默。人类已经赢得了最大的战斗：确保自己以及子孙后代过上温饱的生活这是人类在地球上生存的大部分时间里进行的最大的战斗。然而，每一线光明中都有黑暗，繁荣的结果是一场新的灾难，随之而经来的是一连串有趣的政策上的尴尬。 作为现代社会的一种祸害，肥胖症有一个形象问题。人们往往更容易联想到圣诞老人，而不会联想到启示录中导致世界末日的那四匹马。但是肥胖理应是与那四匹马并驾齐驱的另一匹马，因为它属于当今世界最大的公共卫生话题。肥胖是心脏病的主要原因如今心脏病已经比艾滋病、疟
40、疾和战争导致更多的人死亡；肥胖是糖尿病的主要危险因素；与癌症和其他疾病也密切相关。自从世界卫生组织于 2000 年将肥胖症列为“流行病”以来，有关肥胖导致一些可怕后果的报道大量涌现。 正如说服人们停止抽烟那样，有关公共卫生的一些警告和来自媒体的压力，是否能说服人们减肥呢?可能的。在富有的国家，健康食品的销售量大增，同时新的数据显示在过去的一年里美国人在有史记载以来首次减了一点点肥。不过，即使美国人减少几个盎司，美国也得花许多年的时间来解决因半个世纪过度饮食而导致的健康问题。另外，在世界上的其他地方，人们的体重还在增加。这就是为什么如今医生们一致认为政府应该采取措施阻止人们继续发胖。)解析：3.
41、The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may ag
42、ain be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire,
43、fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of ar
44、ts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words,
45、 for pleasure or ornament, innocently.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 语言的一般作用是把我们的精神话语转换成口头言语，或者是把我们一连串的思想转换成一连串的话语，其主要用处有两个。第一，记录我们思想的成果。我们的思想容易从记忆中溜走而使我们不得不重新来过。而通过标记性的语言，我们就可能重新想起。因此名字的第一个用处是为记忆做标记或者笔记。第二，当许多记忆通过它们之间的联系或者顺序用相同的语言表示时，语言就可以让人想起其所表达的每件事情，还有其所渴望的、害怕的或者有其他感情的事物。这种用处称为符号。语言的特殊作用如下：第一，记录通过思考找到的过去
46、或者现在的任何事物的原因及可能产生的结果或者效果。总而言之就是习得的艺术。第二，给其他人展示我们所获得的知识，也就是互相咨询或者教导。第三，告诉别人如果互相帮助我们所存有的意愿和目的。第四，为了快乐或者措辞优美而无恶意地使用文字游戏娱乐自己及他人。)解析：4.Athens and Sparta were both Greek cities and their people spoke a common language. In every other respect they were different. Athens rose high from the plain. It was a c
47、ity exposed to the fresh breezes from the sea, willing to look at the world with the eyes of a happy child. Sparta, on the other hand, was built at the bottom of a deep valley, and used the surrounding mountains as a barrier against foreign thought. Athens was a city of busy trade. Sparta was an armed camp where people were soldiers for the sake of being soldiers. The people of Athens l
