1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 6 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. Aft
2、er 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “ actual landscape“ of the world“s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride“? Part of the explanation fo
3、r that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-re-lated World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matter
4、s of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing “law“ in this narrow sensea body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcementcertainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the o
5、ngoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development“ that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources. To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environment
6、al law needs a more expansive society-based conception of “law“, one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagin
7、ation of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.（分数：2.00）_3.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-techni
8、cal potential, such a capacity to generate wealth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the c
9、ountries of the North. The abysm between North and South is now so huge, that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident. The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true
10、 cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders, have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice. We were asked to be ultra-liberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the
11、imports coming from the North, but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism. The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing, that is, subsidizing inefficient products. Today, vis-a-vis the obvious failure of
12、neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South, it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.（分数：2.00）_4.After months of speculation, the final 22,000-character overview of China“s “third plenum“ was publi
13、shed on November 15 th. In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested, but the document“s interest lies not just in the economic reforms, which were anticipated. More striking were some of the social changes the document announced, such as the relaxat
14、ion of the one-child policy. A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children, and the policy is likely to be loosened even further. In another widely welcomed move, labour camps are to be abolished. But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in
15、the document and grabbed fewer headlines. Two moves in particular, namely allowing the development of “ social organisations“ or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas, showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the
16、 demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it. That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging, and the world is keen to know whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they “ dare to gnaw through even tough bones, d
17、are to ford dangerous rapids, break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution. “（分数：2.00）_5.The Center, for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth ( CIP-PEC) is a leading think tank in Argentina. It is a private, non-profit organization that
18、strives to create a more just, democratic and efficient public sector in Argentina, and is devoted to the study of the education, health, fiscal, political, judicial and public management systems, in order to determine needs, opportunities, and obstacles for the implementation of effective public po
19、licies. The think tank elaborates and disseminates technical information about the functioning of Argentine institutions to promote the accountability of public officials. CIPPEC also provides technical assistance to provincial governments and municipalities, and maintains regional networks working
20、on topics such as parliamentary transparency, democratic institutions, regional integration, etc. Its current projects consist of two training courses on quantitative methods to analyze international trade and financial tools for SMEs as well as a joint study on a comprehensive monitoring and evalua
21、tion system for the agency. (155 words)（分数：2.00）_6.The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Wei
22、ghing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far le
23、ss economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan “ s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession. Learnin
24、g from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed “ business continuity plans“ intended to minimize losses and aid quick recoveries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to
25、 force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment. (212 words)（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 6 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英
26、汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated w
27、ork by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “ actual landscape“ of the world“s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride“? Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in
28、 the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-re-lated World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedu
29、re. Recommitment to enhancing “law“ in this narrow sensea body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcementcertainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceabl
30、e in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development“ that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources. To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based
31、 conception of “law“, one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use the
32、ir persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 1992 年的里约会议标志着环境法达到了最高水平。尽管此后环境保护硕果累累，但我们现在必须承认，对于世界人民给予资金支持的诺言，里约会议并未实现。50 多年来，环境法的律师制定或修改法律、规
33、章、准则、条约并做出司法判决，他们勤奋地做着这些高深复杂的工作，但是世界资源的“现状”仍然“每前进一步都倒退两步”是怎么回事? 这一结果令人失望，其中部分原因可以在全世界杰出的检察官、法官和法律学者发布的言论合集中找到，他们在里约+20 的相关世界会议上就司法、管理和环境可持续发展的法律发表了看法。他们几乎完全侧重于实际法令及法律程序等事宜。他们再次决心加强狭义的“法制”一整套正规的规定和准则以及实施、强化这些法律的司法和执法机制这当然意义重大，这项工作也应如火如荼进行。但在很大程度上，持续的生态恶化应归结于普遍存在的社会和政治态度，这一态度支持以增长为基础的经济发展模式，而这又使人类不断加强
34、对地球资源的利用。 为了从根源上解决这一问题，我们将在这里讨论环境法需要“法律”概念在社会上得到更广泛的普及，这样才能促使法律作为一种社会制度广泛地融人到习惯和习俗、期望和愿望以及人和组织的日常生活中去。然后，环保律师需要对自己的使命有着全新的明确认识，锻炼自己的说服技巧和分析技巧，并创造性地利用其来改变环境变化的基础，即社会动力，以此激发人们深深致力于资源的有效管理。)解析：3.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential, such a capacity to generate wea
35、lth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the countries of the North. The abysm between North
36、 and South is now so huge, that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident. The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the
37、world through the scientific-technical wonders, have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice. We were asked to be ultra-liberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North, but the oral ch
38、ampions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism. The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing, that is, subsidizing inefficient products. Today, vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the In
39、ternational Economic Order represents for the South, it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 世界从未像现在这样具有如此惊人的科技潜力和创造财富与幸福的能力。真正的科技奇迹已经将世界的每一个角落都紧密联系在一起，但是却没有造福于所有人，因为仅有 15的生活在北半球的人才享受到了科技的福利。在如今南北之间的鸿沟如此巨大的局势下，当前经济秩序的不可持续性以及人们追求物
40、质享受与挥霍的盲目性显而易见。 全球化的团结与真正的合作原本可以通过科技奇迹给全世界人民带来无限可能，但是新自由主义模式却将这一美好蓝图变成了一幅充满剥削和不公的荒诞景象。国际社会倡导我们践行贸易极端自由主义并消除一切可能会妨碍从北半球国家进口商品的贸易壁垒，但是自由贸易真正的赢家却还是那些事实上践行贸易保护主义的国家。北半球国家每天都会花费近十亿美元专做明文禁止的事，也就是为低效率产品提供补贴。当前，新自由主义已经式微，国际经济秩序给南半球国家带来的是更多的威胁；我们非常有必要重振旗鼓，在内部形成强大的联盟。)解析：4.After months of speculation, the fin
41、al 22,000-character overview of China“s “third plenum“ was published on November 15 th. In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested, but the document“s interest lies not just in the economic reforms, which were anticipated. More striking were some o
42、f the social changes the document announced, such as the relaxation of the one-child policy. A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children, and the policy is likely to be loosened even further. In another widely welcomed move, labour camps are to be abolished. Bu
43、t possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines. Two moves in particular, namely allowing the development of “ social organisations“ or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas, showed that
44、the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it. That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging, and the world is keen to know whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plena
45、ry document that they “ dare to gnaw through even tough bones, dare to ford dangerous rapids, break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution. “（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 经过数月的酝酿，22 万字的“三中全会”工作报告终于在 11 月 15 日面世。在经济领域，该报告正文比摘要部分提到的要更加大胆，不过该报告不只是着眼于大家已经预料到的经济改革，其中更引人注目的是文件中提出
46、的社会改革，诸如放宽计划生育限制等。如果夫妻有一方是独生子女，他们就可以在政策允许的范围内生第二胎，这一宽限还将继续向前推进。在另一项广受欢迎的举措中，劳改营将会被取缔。 但是，最重要的信息或许还隐藏在文件中，没有引起过多的关注。特别是其中的两项改革，其一是准许“社会团体”(实质上就是非政府组织)的发展，其二是将司法审判体系同行政管理体系分离。这些政策措施反映了中国共产党积极响应当前社会的群众要求，尤其是争取自由以及问责的权利。这两项改革措施非常鼓舞人心，世界也非常关注中国领导人是否会履行诺言，就像三中全会文件中说的那样，“敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，既勇于冲破思想观念的障碍，又勇于突破利益固化
47、的藩篱”。)解析：5.The Center, for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth ( CIP-PEC) is a leading think tank in Argentina. It is a private, non-profit organization that strives to create a more just, democratic and efficient public sector in Argentina, and is devoted to the study
