1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 41 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in wh
2、ich we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are
3、 some examples of this aspect of science. The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosityhe wants to fin
4、d out how and why the universe works.（分数：2.00）_3.I had always assumed a broken heart was just a metaphor, a cliche of country music and romance novels. So I was as surprised as anyone to learn last week that doctors now consider it a real medical event, one that can kill. The news comes from a repor
5、t published in the New England Journal of Medicine, in which physicians at Johns Hopkins described a group of 18 mostly older women and one man who developed serious heart problems after experiencing a sudden emotional shock, such as the death of a loved one, or, in the case of one 60-year-old woman
6、, a surprise birthday party. What surprised the doctors who examined these patients was that none of them had actually suffered a heart attack. Indeed, few had any signs of heart disease at all. Yet at least five of the 19 and perhaps morewould have died without treatment, according to Dr. Ilan Witt
7、stein, the cardiologist who led the study.（分数：2.00）_4.Resource efficiency means reducing the environmental impact of the consumption and production of goods and services. The “ doing more with less“ slogan indicates the focus on more outputs with fewer impacts. Efficiency gains do not guarantee that
8、 the overall outcome stays within the ecological carrying capacity of the Earth. Influencing the demand side is therefore another prerequisite for sustainable development. It is indeed timely to recognize that the world cannot achieve sustainable, economic growth with old fashioned consumption and p
9、roduction patterns. Companies will have to accelerate the trends of polluting less and of designing, producing and marketing better products and services. Consumers have to get used to the fact that environmental concerns are as important in their daily choices as considerations of price, convenienc
10、e and quality. And governments and civil society have a key role to play in inspiring such a process.（分数：2.00）_5.Today, I will focus on one major impact of the current financial crisis on Asia-Pacific, that is, the decline in domestic demand. Particularly, I want to talk about the factors leading to
11、 declines in domestic demand. Equity markets in developing countries around the world have suffered large decreases in value since mid-September 2008, reflecting a global credit crunch and a worldwide flight to safety among investors. These declines are expected to cause a number of effects that wil
12、l dampen domestic demand, especially personal consumption and corporate investments. Although equity market investments only constitute a small percentage of overall household wealth and equity financing consists of relative-ly a small portion of corporate investment in Asia-Pacific as compared with
13、 developed countries, the declines will affect the more advanced economies of the region, such as the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong of China. Secondly, declines in property markets will further dampen domestic demand. The reduction in housing prices will have an effect on real estate in
14、vestments, which have played a particularly important role in the growth of domestic demand in a number of countriesmost notably in China, where the property sector accounts for about one quarter of all investment. Private consumption will also be affected by the fall in property prices, particularl
15、y in the more advanced economies in the region, where property assets account for a more significant portion of household wealth. Thirdly, reduced bank lending is the most significant factor curtailing corporate activity and domestic demand. The concern here is that an increase in non-performing loa
16、ns will result in greater restraints on and a reduction in new lending, leading to possible higher costs for new borrowers. Increased borrowing costs may in turn add further pressures resulting in a greater number of corporate defaults.（分数：2.00）_6.Population ageing has become a world-wide phenomenon
17、. Moreover, it has not only come to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will become more felt and acute with the passage of time. Its repercussions are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society. The growing rate of population ageing p
18、oses many challenges which have to be faced realistically. A number of decisions have to be taken with the cooperation of every social institution, be it the State, Non-Governmental Organizations, the community, the family members and last but not least, the older persons themselves. Each has a very
19、 important role to play in ensuring a sustainable development for the elderly population. Governments and civil society including organisations of older persons, academia, community-based organisations and the private sector need to help in capacity building on ageing issues. As the Shanghai Impleme
20、ntation Strategy points out, “A life-course and inter-sectoral approach to health and well-being is the best approach to ensure that both current and future generations of older persons remain healthy and active“. The gap between the projected increases of the older population and the consequently r
21、equired services, combined with the parallel development of the personnel needed to carry out these services, creates a pressing and urgent need to train appropriate staff. Training programmes have to be tailored to the nature of the participants, the work they are doing and the needs entailed. Thou
22、gh the basic issues dealt with might often be the same, the approach differs. It will be important in the not too distant future to explore innovative ways of providing education and training in rural and remote areas and to apply, as much as possible, the new and emerging communication technologies
23、 to facilitate and enhance these programmes. Every member of society should realize that aging is a process. Consequently, older persons are to be seen as equal citizens of any society, sharing the same rights like other citizens. Any form of discrimination is to be eradicated.（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷
24、汇编 41 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we liv
25、e. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some exam
26、ples of this aspect of science. The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosityhe wants to find out how
27、and why the universe works.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 科学态度的本质是什么?那些研究并应用物理学、生物学、或其他科学的男男女女们所具有的态度的本质是什么? 我们都知道科学在我们的社会中所起的重要作用。但很多人认为，社会进步靠的是科学的两个不同方面的内容。第一个方面是指科学家和技术人员们研发的机器和产品及其应用。新药品、更便捷更安全的交通方式及新的应用知识体系都可以体现科学的这一方面。第二个方面是科学家们工作时采用的特殊思维方式和行动方式及其应用。那这些特殊的思维方式和行动方式到底是什么呢?首先，一个成功的科学家似乎总是充满着好奇心他想探寻宇宙万物的运
28、行方式和原理。)解析：3.I had always assumed a broken heart was just a metaphor, a cliche of country music and romance novels. So I was as surprised as anyone to learn last week that doctors now consider it a real medical event, one that can kill. The news comes from a report published in the New England Journ
29、al of Medicine, in which physicians at Johns Hopkins described a group of 18 mostly older women and one man who developed serious heart problems after experiencing a sudden emotional shock, such as the death of a loved one, or, in the case of one 60-year-old woman, a surprise birthday party. What su
30、rprised the doctors who examined these patients was that none of them had actually suffered a heart attack. Indeed, few had any signs of heart disease at all. Yet at least five of the 19 and perhaps morewould have died without treatment, according to Dr. Ilan Wittstein, the cardiologist who led the
31、study.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 我过去常常以为“一颗破碎的心”这种说法不过只是一种隐喻，是乡村音乐和浪漫小说里常常使用的陈词滥调罢了。因此在上周，当我知道医生们现在已经将它视为一种现实存在的具有致命危险的医疗事件的时候，我和所有人一样，都大吃了一惊。 新英格兰医学杂志刊登了与之相关的报道。在报道中，约翰?霍普金斯大学的医师们对因经历突然的情感冲击(如挚爱的去世，或如某位 60岁女性的例子一个惊喜生日派对)，心脏出现了严重问题的 18 名女性(其中大部分为老年人)和 1 名男性的情况进行了描述。 在对这些病患进行检查的时候，令医师们感到大为吃惊的是他们之中没有任何人有过事
32、实上的心脏病发病史。事实上，几乎没有人有心脏疾病的症状。但是，领导这项研究的心脏病专家宜兰?维茨特恩称，这 19 人中，至少有 5 人甚至有可能更多要不是接受了治疗，可能已经死亡。)解析：4.Resource efficiency means reducing the environmental impact of the consumption and production of goods and services. The “ doing more with less“ slogan indicates the focus on more outputs with fewer impac
33、ts. Efficiency gains do not guarantee that the overall outcome stays within the ecological carrying capacity of the Earth. Influencing the demand side is therefore another prerequisite for sustainable development. It is indeed timely to recognize that the world cannot achieve sustainable, economic g
34、rowth with old fashioned consumption and production patterns. Companies will have to accelerate the trends of polluting less and of designing, producing and marketing better products and services. Consumers have to get used to the fact that environmental concerns are as important in their daily choi
35、ces as considerations of price, convenience and quality. And governments and civil society have a key role to play in inspiring such a process.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 资源增效指的是减少商品和服务生产过程及消费过程对环境产生的影响。“用更少创造更多”这一口号表明其重心在于用较少的影响来创造更多的产出。生产效率的提高并不能保证整体结果能维持在地球的生态承受力范围之内。因此，对需求方的影响成为了可持续发展的另一先决条件。 我们现在确实迫切
36、需要意识到传统的消费生产模式是无法实现经济的可持续发展的。公司需要加快减污减排的脚步，敦促自身去设计、生产和经营更好的产品和服务。消费者也要接受这一事实在日常购物时，对环境的影响、商品价格、便利度和产品品质都应被纳人考虑范围内，作为进行选择的参考条件。此外，政府和民间团体也需在推进上述进程中发挥关键性作用。)解析：5.Today, I will focus on one major impact of the current financial crisis on Asia-Pacific, that is, the decline in domestic demand. Particular
37、ly, I want to talk about the factors leading to declines in domestic demand. Equity markets in developing countries around the world have suffered large decreases in value since mid-September 2008, reflecting a global credit crunch and a worldwide flight to safety among investors. These declines are
38、 expected to cause a number of effects that will dampen domestic demand, especially personal consumption and corporate investments. Although equity market investments only constitute a small percentage of overall household wealth and equity financing consists of relative-ly a small portion of corpor
39、ate investment in Asia-Pacific as compared with developed countries, the declines will affect the more advanced economies of the region, such as the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong of China. Secondly, declines in property markets will further dampen domestic demand. The reduction in housi
40、ng prices will have an effect on real estate investments, which have played a particularly important role in the growth of domestic demand in a number of countriesmost notably in China, where the property sector accounts for about one quarter of all investment. Private consumption will also be affec
41、ted by the fall in property prices, particularly in the more advanced economies in the region, where property assets account for a more significant portion of household wealth. Thirdly, reduced bank lending is the most significant factor curtailing corporate activity and domestic demand. The concern
42、 here is that an increase in non-performing loans will result in greater restraints on and a reduction in new lending, leading to possible higher costs for new borrowers. Increased borrowing costs may in turn add further pressures resulting in a greater number of corporate defaults.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正
43、确答案： 今天，我重点说一下目前亚太金融危机所造成的一个重大影响，即内需下降问题。具体来讲，我想说的是造成内需下降的原因。 自 2008 年 9 月中旬以来，全球发展中国家股市大幅度下跌，这表明全球正在经历信贷紧缩，投资者选择以稳妥为主。 股市下滑导致的一系列后果将打击内需，特别是个人消费和公司投资。虽然股市投资仅占家庭财富的一小部分，而且相对于发达国家，亚太地区公司的股权融资在公司投资中的比例相对较小，股市下跌还是会影响到这些地区中相对较发达的经济体，例如韩国、新加坡和中国香港。 其次，房地产市场的下滑对内需造成了进一步的打击。房价下降影响了对房地产的投资，而后者对一些国家经济的增长起到重要
44、作用，最典型的是中国，中国市场对房地产的投资占总投资的四分之一。 房价下跌也将影响个人消费水平。这一点在相对发达的地区尤为显著，这些地区中房产在家庭财富中占有的比重更高。 最后，银行贷款减少是造成公司活动减少和内需降低的最重要因素。 这里需要注意的是，不良贷款的增加将给新贷款行为造成更多的限制条件，同时也会减少新贷款的数量，新的贷款人可能因此需要面临更高的贷款成本。贷款成本的增加反过来带给贷款人更大的压力，压力之下失误也会增多。)解析：6.Population ageing has become a world-wide phenomenon. Moreover, it has not onl
45、y come to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will become more felt and acute with the passage of time. Its repercussions are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society. The growing rate of population ageing poses many challenges which
46、 have to be faced realistically. A number of decisions have to be taken with the cooperation of every social institution, be it the State, Non-Governmental Organizations, the community, the family members and last but not least, the older persons themselves. Each has a very important role to play in ensuring a sustainable development for the elderly population. Governments and civil society including organisations of older persons, academia, community-based organisations and the private sector ne
