1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 16 及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.包容性增长（分数：2.00）_3.野生动物园（分数：2.00）_4.(世博会之)展馆（分数：2.00）_5.与台湾关系法(美国)（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：22，分数：44.00)6.英译汉（分数：2.00）_7.The Center, for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth(CIP-PEC)is a leading
2、think tank in Argentina. It is a private, non-profit organization that strives to create a more just, democratic and efficient public sector in Argentina, and is devoted to the study of the education, health, fiscal, political, judicial and public management systems, in order to determine needs, opp
3、ortunities, and obstacles for the implementation of effective public policies.The think tank elaborates and disseminates technical information about the functioning of Argentine institutions to promote the accountability of public officials. CIPPEC also provides technical assistance to provincial go
4、vernments and municipalities, and maintains regional networks working on topics such as parliamentary transparency, democratic institutions, regional integration, etc. Its current projects consist of two training courses on quantitative methods to analyze international trade and financial tools for
5、SMEs as well as a joint study on a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system for the agency.（分数：2.00）_8.The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the cr
6、owded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last thr
7、ee months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan“ s con
8、tinued recovery from its worst postwar recession.Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed “ business continuity plans“ intended to minimize losses and aid quick reco
9、veries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment.（分数：2.00）_9
10、.The Dead Sea, shared by Israel and Jordan, is the lowest spot on Earth. Its shoreline is a-bout 400 meters below sea level. As the world“ s saltiest large body of water, averaging a salt content 6 times higher than that of any ocean, the Dead Sea supports no life. With no outlet, the water that flo
11、ws into the Dead Sea evaporates in the hot, arid air, leaving the minerals. The Jordan River is the chief source of the incoming water, but since the 1960s much of its water has been diverted for irrigation. Its length has already shrunk by more than a third, and, while the sea will never entirely d
12、isappear due to evaporation slowing down as surface area decreases and saltiness increases, the Dead Sea as we know it could become a thing of the past.（分数：2.00）_10.Cambridge psychologists and computer scientists have developed a mobile phone technology which can tell if a caller is happy, angry, bo
13、red or sad. The Emotion Sense technology will enable psychologists to show links between moods, location and people. It uses speech-recognition software and phone sensors attached to standard smart phones to assess how people“ s emotions are influenced by day-to-day factors.The sensors analyze voice
14、 samples and then place them into 5 emotional categories: happiness, sadness, fear, anger and a neutral category(such as boredom or passivity). Scientists then cross-reference these emotions against surroundings, the time of day and the caller“ s relationship with the person they are speaking to. Re
15、sults from a pilot scheme revealed that callers are happier at home, sadder at work and display more intense emotions in the evenings.（分数：2.00）_11.Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of our so
16、ciety. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at the time was abnormal enough to reduce his res
17、ponsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposedly ordinary manthe man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal cliche has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused“ s state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that of a
18、n average man?（分数：2.00）_12.Sparkling or still? Spring or tap? Imported or domestic? Flavored or plain? There“ s nothing simple about a drink of water, now that the bottled stuff outsells both milk and beer in the United States. In just a couple of decades, we“ ve become a nation awash in bottled wat
19、erwith tens of billions of plastic empties to prove ittransforming the Drinking Fountain on a city street into a dated curiosity akin to the public telephone booth. How one of life“ s basic necessities became a heavily marketed beverage in a plastic bottle is the subject of Elizabeth Royte“ s new bo
20、ok Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It. Royte, an environmental journalist based in Brooklyn, N. Y. , shares the many, sometimes bizarre, unintended consequences of cracking open that plastic seal.（分数：2.00）_13.The stages of a writer“ s professional life are marked not by a name
21、on all office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over an early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there“
22、 s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I“ m just not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader.Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one.
23、 That“ s why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changeswell, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul?（分数：2.00）_14.Laughlin acknowledges that “a lot of responsible people“ are worried about atmospheric concentrations o
24、f carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, “the potential“ to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken “ significant, although ineffective,“ steps to slow the warming. “ On the scales of time relevant to itself,
25、 the earth doesn“ t care about any of these governments or their legislation. “Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the co
26、ncentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today“ s. Then “ over tens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds“ the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, “eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene. “ This will ta
27、ke an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time.（分数：2.00）_15.As 56 million children return to the nation“ s 133, 000 elementary and secondary schools, the promise of “reform“ is again in the air. Education Secretary Arne Duncan has announced $4 billion in Race to the Top grants to stat
28、es whose proposals demonstrated, according to Duncan, “ a bold commitment to education reform“ and “ creativity and innovationthat isbreathtaking. “ What they really show is that few subjects inspire more intellectual dishonesty and political puffery than “school reform. “To be sure, some improvemen
29、ts have occurred in elementary schools. But what good are they if they“re erased by high school? There“ s also been a modest narrowing in the high-school achievement gaps between whites, blacks, and Hispanics, although the narrowing generally stopped in the late 1980s.(Average scores have remained s
30、table because, although blacks“ and Hispanics“ scores have risen slightly, the size of these minority groups has also expanded. This means that their still-low scores exert a bigger drag on the average. The two effects offset each other.)（分数：2.00）_16.An equally exciting area for research is to genet
31、ically alter crops to get higher yields from soils that are infertile or too acidic, toxic, or saline for varieties now in use. Vast land areas of the earth are either not utilized, or are underutilized for economically important crop production. Marketable yields have been obtained in California wi
32、th a salt-tolerant research line of barly irrigated with water from Pacific Ocean. This genetic approach to saline crop production has been proven with barley, and is applicable to other crops. Barley grown with seawater was found satisfactory as a feed, and yields were appreciable. This development
33、 could be the shape of things to come in genetically opening a vast new, heretofore inaccessible, water resource for crop production. Few regulatory constraints would likely be leveled on this new technology. Genetically controlled plant nutrition will surely play a key role in the future of crop pr
34、oduction.Genetic resources will continue to be utilized for improvement of the nutritional(biological)value of food crops. Cereals still dominate the diets of most people. Progress in genetically raising the levels of protein and critically deficient amino acids in cereal grains has been singular.（分
35、数：2.00）_17.Even discussions of architectural esthetics have taken a strange turn. The Bloomberg Tower is now finished, dominating the skyline in one area of midtown Manhattan; love it or hate it, it“ s quite a building. “I just wish it wasn“ t so tall“ , someone lamented at dinner.The citizens of Ne
36、w York, who live in the spiritual home of the skyscraper, now fear the office tower and the high-rise. In San Francisco they build structures that are earth-quakeproof. But there“ s no structural steel, no reinforced foundation, that can ward off fear.It“ s been nearly five years since all area in t
37、he southernmost part of Manhattan was renamed Ground Zero. On September 11 , 2001 , New York became a city of survivors: That“ s on a sliding scale, of course: it would be all insult to claim otherwise.（分数：2.00）_18.Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in wh
38、ich dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The “money market“ , is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a s
39、imilar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers , he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handing bul
40、k quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial servicescommercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even g
41、overnmentsto do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.（分数：2.00）_19.The concept captured the Zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people, especially
42、 those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the la
43、tter causea cool, rebellious and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation“ s plan for world domination and total mind control.Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple“ s stock price kept dropping, and by March 20
44、03 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $ 75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $ 8. 3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006.None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options. Apple wasn“ t mentioned, but its board appointed a committee of three membersAl Gore, Eric Schmid
