1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 7及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Coincidentally, the triple principles of translation put forward by Yan Fu in China are very similar to the three principles of translation proposed by_in the west.（分数：2.00）A.John DrydenB.Alexander TytlerC.Gideon TouryD.George
2、Steiner2.Some well-known translators or translation theorists in China have put forward different criteria to evaluate the quality of a translation. Among them, “ Resemblance in spirit“ is advocated by_.（分数：2.00）A.Qian ZhongshuB.Fu LeiC.Lu XunD.Lin Yutang3.Chinese translations which have been conven
3、iently simplified and made easy are like wine diluted with water. “This famous remark about the quality of a translation is made by_.（分数：2.00）A.Zhi Qian(支谦)B.Dao An(道安)C.Xuan Zang(玄奘)D.Hui Yuan(慧远)4.Which of the following translation methods is the closest to the target language readers?（分数：2.00）A.w
4、ord-for-word translationB.semantic translationC.faithful translationD.communicative translation5.The principle of “functionality plus loyalty“ is put forward by_.（分数：2.00）A.Katharina ReissB.Hans VermeerC.Christiane NordD.Eugene Nida6.Who is the representative figure of the Manipulation School in tra
5、nslation studies?（分数：2.00）A.Peter NewmarkB.Lawrence VenutiC.Andre LefevereD.Ernst-August Gutt7.The three types of translation, namely metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation, are proposed by_.（分数：2.00）A.Roman JakobsonB.Martin LutherC.John DrydenD.Alexander Pope8.Paraphrase and Comment. In this part the
6、re are two passages about translation theories. Read the passages carefully.paraphrase the underlined parts and make some comments upon each passage in English on your ANSWER SHEET according to your own understanding. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural e
7、quivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to under-translate , to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity and sometimes brevity, which makes him “ o
8、mit“ to translate words altogether.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Discuss the cohesive devices used to organize a text and relate them to English / Chinese translation.(with your own examples if possible)(天津师范大学 2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Define in your own words the term equivalence as it is use
9、d in translation studies, and then discuss the concept by referring to what Susan Bassnett has to say in her Translation Studies.(天津师范大学 2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Distinguish between the following “faux amis“ and “amis fideles“ by rendering them into Chinese.(浙江大学 2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)Th
10、ey suggest tabling the question in Parliament.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.The committee couldn“t reach agreement and decided to table the bill.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Base your renderings on the semantic translation and communicative translation proposed by Peter Ne-wmark and tell them apart with your illustratio
11、ns.(浙江大学 2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)(1)Semantic translation(针对 native speakers of English):(2)Communicative translation(针对 Chinese learners of English):（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Identify the most explicit translation method adopted in the following translations and explain how it is used(武汉大学 2013研，考试科目：英语综合) 1The o
12、il of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom 译文：全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。 2The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Repub
13、licans had suffered snch a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House 译文：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发表了讲话。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了如此大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Compare and analyze the following ST and TT and evaluate the
14、TT in about 100 words(武汉大学 2013研，考试科目：英语综合) ST： 人们可沿岩壁凿出的石径走过峡谷，也可从某处乘橡皮舟划过水潭。满山巨石怪崖，更有深潭碧水，悬崖上多处瀑布骤然跌落，直下峭壁。当地人讲，这里夏季凉爽宜人，冬季温暖如春，生活在此，如居天上人间。 TT: People can pass through the gorge by walking along the stone path cut from the rock walls, or in some places can row across the pools in rubber boats. Ev
15、erywhere you can see huge rocks and grotesque cliffs, clean water in deep pools, and from precipices waterfalls abruptly fall down. The local people say, it“ s cool and nice here in summer and as warm as spring in winter. Living here is as if living in a fairyland.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Give your commen
16、ts on the following statement with your understanding in about 200 words(武汉大学 2013研，考试科目：英语综合) One difficulty in translation lies in matching concepts. Some concepts are culture-specific and others culture-general. It is impossible to translate perfectly culture-specific concepts.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.
17、Explain the following terms in English(武汉大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语) Communicative Translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.Domesticating method（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Dynamic Translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 7答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Coincidentally, the triple principles of translat
18、ion put forward by Yan Fu in China are very similar to the three principles of translation proposed by_in the west.（分数：2.00）A.John DrydenB.Alexander Tytler C.Gideon TouryD.George Steiner解析：解析：Tytler 提出：首先，翻译应完整复写出原文的思想；其次，写作风格应与原作相同；第三，翻译应当像原文一样流畅。2.Some well-known translators or translation theoris
19、ts in China have put forward different criteria to evaluate the quality of a translation. Among them, “ Resemblance in spirit“ is advocated by_.（分数：2.00）A.Qian ZhongshuB.Fu Lei C.Lu XunD.Lin Yutang解析：解析：“神似”的翻译标准是由傅雷提出的。关于翻译标准，钱钟书提出的是“化境”论，鲁迅主张的是“宁信勿顺”，林语堂的翻译理念则是“忠实、通顺、美”。3.Chinese translations whic
20、h have been conveniently simplified and made easy are like wine diluted with water. “This famous remark about the quality of a translation is made by_.（分数：2.00）A.Zhi Qian(支谦)B.Dao An(道安) C.Xuan Zang(玄奘)D.Hui Yuan(慧远)解析：解析：道安认为，对原文的过分简化犹如“加水稀释后的葡萄酒”。4.Which of the following translation methods is the
21、 closest to the target language readers?（分数：2.00）A.word-for-word translationB.semantic translationC.faithful translationD.communicative translation 解析：解析：D 项“交际翻译”是以交际为目的，侧重译文的可读性。A 项“字对字翻译”是罔顾语言差异逐字照搬原文；B 项“语义翻译”视原文为经典，力图再现原文信息；C 项“忠实翻译”亦为重源语翻译。5.The principle of “functionality plus loyalty“ is put
22、 forward by_.（分数：2.00）A.Katharina ReissB.Hans VermeerC.Christiane Nord D.Eugene Nida解析：解析：“功能加忠实”的观点是德国翻译家 Christiane Nord总结了功能派成果后提出的。6.Who is the representative figure of the Manipulation School in translation studies?（分数：2.00）A.Peter NewmarkB.Lawrence VenutiC.Andre Lefevere D.Ernst-August Gutt解析：
23、解析：英国翻译理论家 Peter Newmark是科学派代表人物；美国著名翻译家和翻译理论家Lawrence Venuti是解构派的；德国翻译家 Ernst-August Gutt是功能派的；只有美国翻译家 Andre Lefevere是操纵派的。7.The three types of translation, namely metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation, are proposed by_.（分数：2.00）A.Roman JakobsonB.Martin LutherC.John Dryden D.Alexander Pope解析：解析：John
24、 Dryden 把翻译分为逐词、释译和拟译。8.Paraphrase and Comment. In this part there are two passages about translation theories. Read the passages carefully.paraphrase the underlined parts and make some comments upon each passage in English on your ANSWER SHEET according to your own understanding. Translating consis
25、ts in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：The text is the definition proposed by Eugene Nida. By“the closest natural equivalent“ is meant the target te
26、xt should make sure the translated version preserves the original information as well as conforms to the TL rules. It is the correspondence which resembles the original, yet it is not identical. This definition contains at least four levels of information:first, it is the message that we reproduce:s
27、econd, the message should be reproduced in a way that not only the information is kept, but also the effect should be similar:third, meaning is usually the first concern:fourth, style is also important and deserves special attention. Enlightened by this definition, on the basis of the close reproduc
28、tion of the semantic meaning, translator is to produce as nearly possible the same effect on his readers as was produced on the readers of the original.）解析：9.A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to under-translate , to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity a
29、nd sometimes brevity, which makes him “ omit“ to translate words altogether.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：If the loss of meaning in translation entails an increase in generalization, it is termed under-translation. When the original lacks a counterpart in the TL, or it is too abstruse to explain, the
30、translator sometimes chooses to use the hypernym for the sake of the naturalness of the TT. This strategy has its own pros and cons. It certainly enhances the readership and removes the barrier to understanding. Yet on the other hand, the generalization will definitely lead to the loss of informatio
31、n, and worse still, it deprives the readers of their right to appreciate the authentic and exotic meaning of the original.）解析：10.Discuss the cohesive devices used to organize a text and relate them to English / Chinese translation.(with your own examples if possible)(天津师范大学 2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译)（分
32、数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Cohesive devices are typically words or phrases that basically make the text hang together. Cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Reference includes pronouns , demonstratives, the article, and items like that. Substitu
33、tion refers to the process or result of replacing one word by another at a particular position in a structure. Ellipsis is to leave out a word or phrase of a sentence for reasons of economy, emphasis or style, and the omitted parts can only be recovered by the reader from the previous discourse. Con
34、junction refers to an item or a process whose primary function is to connect words or other structures. Lexical devices refer to the use of synonym or related words. Cohesive devices of English are different from that of Chinese. So in the process of translation, this issue should be taken into acco
35、unt from the perspective of inter cultural communication. The cohesive devices of source language should be reproduced to the maximum. For example: I(A)(E)was standing in the(A)sun on the(A)hot steal desk(E)of a fishing ship(E)(C)capableof processing a fifty-ton catch(E)on a good day(E). 我(A)(E)头顶烈日
36、，站在一艘渔船(E)滚烫(E)的钢甲板(E)上。如果(D)在丰收的季节(E)，这(A)艘渔船(E)一天所处理加工的鱼(E)可达 50吨。 (Reference: A: Substitution: B: Ellipsis: C: Conjunction: D: Lexical cohesion: E)）解析：11.Define in your own words the term equivalence as it is used in translation studies, and then discuss the concept by referring to what Susan Bas
37、snett has to say in her Translation Studies.(天津师范大学 2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Equivalence refers to the extent of the relationships that exist between the source text and the target text or smaller linguistic units. For many years, it has been one of the most controversial i
38、ssues in the field of translation. As a famous translation theorist and translation practitioner, Susan Bassnett argues that“ equivalence in translation, then, should not be approached as a search for sameness“. For her part, translation does not mean sameness, namely, the target language text is th
39、e same as the source language text. She thinks so just because translation is not purely the activity of language. It is with great concern about culture, for translation is also an inter cultural communication. It is impossible that one culture is in common with another. Great differences exist bet
40、ween the source culture and the target culture. Equivalence should be dynamic and multilevel.）解析：12.Distinguish between the following “faux amis“ and “amis fideles“ by rendering them into Chinese.(浙江大学 2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)They suggest tabling the question in Parliament.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：他们建议把
41、该问题提交给议会讨论。）解析：13.The committee couldn“t reach agreement and decided to table the bill.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：委员会各成员未能达成统一意见，因此决定先行搁置该议案。）解析：14.Base your renderings on the semantic translation and communicative translation proposed by Peter Ne-wmark and tell them apart with your illustrations.(
42、浙江大学 2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)(1)Semantic translation(针对 native speakers of English):(2)Communicative translation(针对 Chinese learners of English):（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Semantic translation and communicative translation are two approaches of translation proposed by Peter Newmark. Semantic translation a
43、ttempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original text with the syntactic and semantic constraints of the target language, while communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. For example:
44、 巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来。(红楼梦第二十四回) Even the cleverest housewife can“t cook a meal without rice.(Yang Xianyi) Even the cleverest housewife can“t make bread without flour.(David Hawkes) The first one is semantic translation whereas the second is communicative translation. Geographical difference results in the d
45、ifference of diet habit between Chinese and British people. The staple food eaten by British people is milk and bread while the Chinese people mainly eat rice. For Yang Xianyi“s part, “没米的粥“should be translated into“ a meal without rice“. Here semantic translation is used. This approach makes native
46、 speakers of English know something about Chinese diet culture. David Hawkes transferred“没米的粥“ into“ bread without flour“ in accordance with the diet habit of the British people. Here communicative translation is employed. For Chinese learners of English, this translation can help them understand th
47、e British diet culture.）解析：15.Identify the most explicit translation method adopted in the following translations and explain how it is used(武汉大学 2013研，考试科目：英语综合) 1The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom 译文：全
48、世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。 2The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered snch a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House 译文：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发表了讲话。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了如此大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：1. Passive voice is prevalent in English in that it
