1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 17及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Put the following short passage into Chinese(中国石油大学 2006研，考试科目：综合英语)For the sake of speculation, let us imagine a humanism that is a way of seeing. A humanism that is a way of seeing will be committed to describing what it see
2、s. It will seek to fix the condition of the human spirit at a particular place in a particular moment of time in relation to a particular experience, and it will choose its places and times and experiences because they express the condition of the human spirit with particular clarity. They are the e
3、vidence concerning the nature of the human spirit that has accumulated throughout history. In other words, they are to humanism what the raw materials of physics, biology, and chemistry are to science.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Put the following short passage into Chinese(中国石油大学 2005研，考试科目：综合英语)While awarene
4、ss and mastery of skills are important steps in any learning process, it is only when conscious skills are put to work that you will experience the involvement and excitement that accompany personal growth. The infant mimicking sounds, the youngster practicing to ride his bicycle, the teenager learn
5、ing to drive, the adult preparing to buy a houseall experience a good deal of anticipation, but the anticipation pales next to the excitement of first communicating verbally or riding a bicycle sold or taking that first drive or moving into that first home. In other words, social interaction is the
6、highest degree of personal involvement, the logical peak experience towards which awareness and mastery lead.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into ChineseWrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(中国矿业大学 2009研，考试科目：基础英语)The Appeal of Life Is Beautiful is p
7、erhaps not so puzzling after all. The archetypal story of a father“s sacrifice for his family has evidently proved irresistible to many spectators whose sensibilities have often been molded by such simple entertainment cliches and who seek, not the bitter historical truths of the Holocaust, but cons
8、oling evasions. Thus, the film encourages them to interpret death in the camps as a moving personal sacrifice and not as the brutal termination of a singular human being“s life. Survival is a victory. Dora comes through her ordeal with little more than a smudge on her face and a punk hairdo, and Gio
9、sue“s memories, become burnished with age. All these misguided, consoling thoughts are accepted with a sigh of relief because no one is obliged to think about how a survivor“s return to normalcy would be perpetually haunted by nightmares whose origins were all too real. Like Benigni, audiences are e
10、vidently only too willing to succumb to an unfortunate, if understandable, impulse which, in the words of the eminent critic of Holocaust literature, Lawrence Langer, desperately attempts “ to redesign hope from the shards of despair. “ If only life were so beautiful.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.In this part，y
11、ou are asked to translate the following paragraph into ChineseWrite you answers on the ANSWER SHEETHe seemed to be occupied with nothing but his food, his dogs, and his chickens. If what they tell us in books were true his long communion with nature and the sea should have taught him many subtle sec
12、rets. It hadn“t. He was a savage. He was nothing but a narrow, ignorant, and cantankerous sea-faring man. As I looked at the wrinkled, mean old face I wondered what was the story of those three dreadful years that had made him welcome this long imprisonment. I sought to see behind those pale blue ey
13、es what secrets they were that he would carry to his grave. And then I foresaw the end. One day a pearl fisher would land on the island and German Harry would not be waiting for him, silent and suspicious, at the water“s edge. He would go up to the hut and there, lying on the bed, unrecognizable, he
14、 would see all that remained of what had once been a man. Perhaps then he would hunt high and low for the great mass of pearls that has haunted the fancy of so many adventures. But I do not believe he would find it: German Harry would have seen to it that none should discover the treasure, and the p
15、earls would rot in their hiding place. Then the pearl fisher would go back into his dinghy and the island once more deserted of man.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Translate From English to Chinese(中国传媒大学 2012研，考试科目：基础英语)On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict
16、and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time
17、 has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit: to choose our better history: to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffi
18、rming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-heartedfor those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame.
19、 Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of thingssome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in sea
20、rch of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west: endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg: Normandy and Khe Sahn.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.E-C Translation(上海交通大学 2005研，考试科目：英语水平考试)Defining the meanin
21、g of “happiness“ is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set th
22、e greedy extreme. To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. He sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admirers bring him food, he eats it: if not, he starves. Why be concerned? What is physical is
23、trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who can take it from him? And who will dare sa
24、y it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment plan?Although the holy man“s concept of happiness may enjoy considerable prestige in the Orient, I doubt the existence of such motionless happiness. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost anyone of Wes
25、tern temperament. Yet these extremes will still serve to define the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau had his own firm sense of that balance: save on the petty in order to spend on the essential.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Translate the following into chineseThe developing wo
26、rld and many developed countries have called for “cooperation instead of confrontation“ in the North-South relations. It goes without saying that such cooperation should be based on the continuous restructuring of the unjust and inequitable international economic relations. Otherwise, cooperation co
27、uld hardly be maintained and confrontation avoided. Therefore, international aid, private investment, transfer of technology, trade, money and finance should be guided by the principle of being just and reasonable and of equality and mutual benefit. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of the
28、developing countries and not interfere in their internal affairs or control their economic life-lines.A global and integrated approach should be adopted and unremitting and solid efforts be made for the establishment of new international economic order. At present, many developing countries, especia
29、lly the least developed countries, have indeed some urgent problems which should be accorded priority. But the solution of these problems should meet the needs of the long-term development of the developing countries and facilitate the process of establishing the new international economic order. It
30、 should not serve as limited measures divorced from the fundamental objective of establishing the new international economic order.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mother“s signs and from the hurrying to and fro
31、 in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had j
32、ust come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if
33、a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had
34、 no way of knowing how near the harbor was. “ Light! Give me light!“ was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour!I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms
35、of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.英译汉。(华东理工大学 2006研，考试科目：翻译实践) I chanced to rise very early one particular morning this summer, and took a walk into the country to divert myself among the fields and meadows, while the green w
36、as new, and the flowers in their bloom. As at this season of the year every lane is a beautiful walk, and every hedge full of aromatic nosegays. I lost myself, with a great deal of pleasure, among several thickets and bushes that were filled with a great variety of birds, and an agreeable confusion
37、of notes, which formed the pleasantest scene in the world to one who had passed a whole winter in noise and smoke. The freshness of the dews that lay upon everything about me, with the cool breath of the morning, which inspired the birds with so many delightful instincts, created in me the same kind
38、 of animal pleasure, and made my heart overflow with such secret emotions of joy and satisfaction as are not to be described or accounted for. I was very much pleased and astonished at the glorious show of these gay vegetables that arose in great profusion on all the banks about us. Sometimes I cons
39、idered every leaf as an elaborate piece of tissue, in which the threads and fibers were woven together into different configurations, which gave a different colouring to the light as it glanced on the several parts of the surface. Sometimes I considered the whole bed of tulips, according to the noti
40、on of the greatest mathematician and philosopher that ever lived, as a multitude of optic instruments, designed for the separating light into all those various colours of which it is composed. For this reason I look upon the whole country in springtime as a spacious garden, and make as many visits t
41、o a pot of daisies or a bank of violets, as a florist does to his borders or parterres. There is not a bush in blossom within a mile of me, which I am not acquainted with, nor scarce a daffodil or tulip that withers away in my neighborhood without my missing it. I walked home in this temper of mind
42、through several fields and meadows with an unspeakable pleasure, not without reflecting on the bounty of Providence which has made the most pleasing and most beautiful objects the most ordinary and most common.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Translate the following into Chinese(华东师范大学 2010研，考试科目：翻译)No doubt thro
43、ughout all past time there actually occurred a series of events which, whether we know what it was or not, constitutes history in some ultimate sense. Nevertheless, much the greater part of these events we can know nothing about, not even that they occurred: many of them we can know only imperfectly
44、: and even the few events that we think we know for sure we can never be absolutely certain of, since we can never revive them, never observe or test them directly. The event itself once occurred, but as an actual event it has disappeared: so that in dealing with it the only objective reality we can
45、 observe or test is some material trace which the event has leftusually a written document. With these traces of vanished events, these documents, we must be content since they are all we have: from them we infer what the event was, we affirm that it is a fact that the event was so and so. . . Let u
46、s then admit that there are two histories: the actual series of events that once occurred: and the ideal series that we affirm and hold in memory. The first is absolute and unchangedit was what it was whatever we do or say about it: the second is relative , always changing in response to the increas
47、e or refinement of knowledge. The two series correspond more or less, it is our aim to make the correspondence as exact as possible, but the actual series of events exist for us only in terms of the ideal series which we affirm and hold in memory. This is why I am forced to identify history with kno
48、wledge of history. For all practical purposes history is, for us and for the time being, what we know it to be.History as the artificial extension of the social memory is an art of long standing, necessarily so since it springs instinctively from the impulse to enlarge the range of immediate experie
49、nce, and however camouflaged by disfiguring jargon of science, it is still in essence what it has always been. History in this sense is story, in aim always a true story : a story that employs all the devices of literary art(statement and generalization, narration and description, comparison and comment and analogy)to present the succession of events in the life of man, and from the succession of events thus presented to derive
