1、浙江大学考博英语 2013 年真题及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.As the firm“s business increased they _ more and more employees.（分数：1.00）A.took upB.took inC.took afterD.took on2.Since the situation is changing, let“s take some _ measures to deal w
2、ith it.（分数：1.00）A.availableB.changeableC.considerableD.flexible3.As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who _ it.（分数：1.00）A.innovateB.inhabitC.integrateD.inherit4.Not all persons arrested and _ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of cr
3、iminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.（分数：1.00）A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.charged5.As a result, they had to _ answering their letter by three days.（分数：1.00）A.decideB.refrainC.surpassD.delay6.The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing _.（分数：1.0
4、0）A.surgeonB.suspicionC.ceremonyD.target7.His birthday was _ in a big hotel and attended by about 200 people.（分数：1.00）A.inspectedB.installedC.celebratedD.interfered8.The _ of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.（分数：1.00）A.remarkB.relationshipC.removalD.innovation9.Before you can start a busin
5、ess, you will have to raise the necessary _.（分数：1.00）A.investmentB.savingsC.incomeD.capital10.During the races there were two accidents to motor-cyclists including one _ accident.（分数：1.00）A.fatalB.killingC.deadlyD.deathly11.The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at _.（分
6、数：1.00）A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake12.As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be _ with electricity.（分数：1.00）A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics13.Very few scientists _ with a completely new answer to the world“s problem.（分数：1.00）A.come onB.come upC.come inD.come round1
7、4.A passer-by was quick enough to _ the falling child and drew him out the path of a lorry.（分数：1.00）A.put awayB.lifted upC.grabbed atD.sought after15.Although most dreams apparently happen _, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.（分数：1.00）A.instantaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneou
8、slyD.unanimously三、Section Cloze Test(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it 1 not matter. They will turn themselves off and on again when you 2 . You will choose the temperatures for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor 3 t
9、he presence of a human (and, with luck, ignore the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans 4 it will turn them off again. The sensors will work through the central home computer and they will do 5 more than just turn the fires and lights on and 6 for you. They will detect 7 electrical app
10、liances, plugs or switches, isolate them 8 they cannot harm anyone, and then 9 you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the 10 , the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also 11 the police 12 the sensors detect 13 intruder. This will not be too difficult 14 the
11、locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using your personal cardthe one you use for shoppingmaybe using a 15 known only to you. It will be 16 to lose the keys, and a housebreaker will have to 17 with the lock or with a window. It is not very difficult to make such tampering
12、 and 18 a signal to the computer. The computer will be more than a fireman-policeman-servant. It will be an 19 , and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 “entertainment“ will mean much more. For one thing, you will be able to take part 20 , r
13、ather than just watching.（分数：20.00）A.willB.doC.canD.couldA.go outB.returnC.run outD.go awayA.will detectB.detectC.detectedD.detectingA.comeB.leaveC.stayD.standA.manyB.muchC.a lot ofD.allA.offB.onC.awayD.inA.faultB.faultlessC.faultyD.faultinessA.so muchB.so thatC.in thatD.by thatA.warnsB.warnedC.warn
14、ingD.warnA.houseB.homeC.roomD.unitA.sendB.takeC.bringD.callA.shouldB.couldC.canD.wouldAaB.theC.anD.someA.becauseB.whereC.whyD.howA.figureB.amountC.numberD.sumA.impossibleB.impossibilityC.impossiblyD.possiblyA.hamperB.dealC.handleD.tamperA.sentB.will sendC.sendD.sendingA.entertainB.entertainingC.ente
15、rtainerD.entertainmentA.activelyB.passivelyC.inactivelyD.possibly四、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people worked together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. Although groups o
16、ften may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much
17、of the leader“s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower
18、than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Neverthe
19、less, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups. Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute differe
20、nt resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments. When only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it
21、 has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.（分数：5.00）(1).In a group, problem solving needs _.（分数：1.00）A.the presence of an effective leaderB.the best way to collect resourcesC.everyone to work harderD.more funds(2).According to the author, it is easier for gr
22、oups to reach _.（分数：1.00）A.mistakes they want to makeB.the place which they want to goC.the place where they want to restD.a greater number of correct solutions(3).The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions can bring about _.（分数：1.00）A.some troubleB.some better solutionsC.some more timeD.some m
23、ore effort(4).It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in _.（分数：1.00）A.discussing directionsB.correcting mistakesC.dealing with national problemsD.finding a problem(5).According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.A group of people may solve
24、problems more effectively than an individualB.The efficiency of a group is worst in the worldC.A group will not be efficient in dealing with national policiesD.Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Today, cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 perc
25、ent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the US smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population and 46 percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time duri
26、ng their lives, but 26 percent of these men and 11 percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the ag
27、e group 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person“s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the othe
28、r hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower
29、educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are le
30、ss likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.（分数：5.00）(1).What do we know from the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.More and more people take up the habit of smokingB.There are m
31、ore smoking women than smoking men in USAC.It is good news that more people have given up smokingD.The US has more smoking people than any other city(2).What determines a person“s smoking habits?（分数：1.00）A.Age, income and educationB.Age, sex and incomeC.Occupation, income and sexD.Profession, income
32、 and education(3).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.City people are less likely to smokeB.People in rural areas are more likely to smokeC.Men with higher incomes tend to smokeD.Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke(4).What is the smok
33、ing situation for women?（分数：1.00）A.The situation is quite the same for women as for menB.Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavilyC.There are more women smokers with low incomesD.Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke(5).What can we say about teenage smokers?（分数：
34、1.00）A.The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokersB.The situation among teenagers is quite the same with menC.High school students are more likely to smoke than college studentsD.Farmers“ children tend to smoke more七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Everyone experiences fear dur
35、ing major crisissuch as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many
36、 are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes
37、making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one“s own fearsto master anxiety. A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percenta
38、ge of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that trig
39、gers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control. Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by l
40、aughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave. Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of maste
41、ring our fears.（分数：5.00）(1).To make someone the butt of jokes means _.（分数：1.00）A.to make someone become the object of jokesB.to force someone to enjoy jokesC.to entitle someone to tell jokesD.to offend someone by jokes(2).What is the positive purpose of people“s telling jokes?（分数：1.00）A.To show one“
42、s sense of humorB.To control one“s own fearsC.To disguise their anxietyD.To attack others(3).To master anxiety means _.（分数：1.00）A.to be familiar with tensionB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessD.to be good at the subject of anxiety(4).According to the autho
43、r, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?（分数：1.00）A.The fear of heightsB.Early Childhood experienceC.The general sense of securityD.A feeling of no control(5).According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering one
44、“s fears?（分数：1.00）A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fearsB.To repress the rising feeling of fearC.To admit the feeling of fearsD.To control one“s feelings八、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ou
45、ght to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of th
46、em are clutching at one another“s hands for courage. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this way is that th
47、e crowd is doing it. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenager should have and be. And many of today“
48、s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going
49、to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don“t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will comewith the people who respect you for whom you are. That“s the only kind of popularity that really counts.（分数：5.00）(1).The main purpose of this passage is to tell _.（分数：1.00）A.readers how to be popular with people aroundB.teenagers how to learn
