1、武汉大学真题 2010年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part One Reading Com(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Amazon has given in to publisher pressure and agreed to abandon their $9.99 price point for e-Books.PuNisher Macmillan felt that the $9.99 price devalued many of its bestsellers, which often sell for $30 in hardcover format
2、. In response to the pricing dispute, Amazon briefly removed all Macmillan books from its store last week. However, the boycott lasted only a few days before Amazon gave in to Macmillans demands.In a statement Sunday, Amazon defended its position to customers:Macmillan, one of the “big six“ publishe
3、rs, has clearly communicated to us that, regardless of our viewpoint, they are committed to switching to an agency model and charging $12.99 to $14.99 for e-Book versions of bestsellers and most hardcover releases.We have expressed our strong disagreement and the seriousness of our disagreement by t
4、emporarily ceasing the sale of all Macmillan titles. We want you to know that ultimately, however, we will have to capitulate and accept Macmillans terms because Macmillan has a monopoly over their own titles, and we will want to offer them to you even at prices we believe are needlessly high for e-
5、Books.Amazons decision to throw in the towel may be related to Macmillans recent agreement to sell books in Apples iBookstore. Amazon has captured an overwhelming share of the e-Book market with its Kindle reader, but if the iPad becomes successful publishers may turn to Apple to sell their e-Books.
6、Publishers seem more interested in protecting the value of their hardcover books than competing in a digital format. Will higher e-Book prices convince you to purchase a physical copy of your next novel, or will you accept a modest price increase given that e-Books are typically cheaper?（分数：8.00）(1)
7、.What can be said of the pricing dispute between Amazon and Macmillan?A. Macmillan won the dispute. B. Amazon won the dispute.C. Neither of them won the dispute. D. Customers enjoyed the dispute.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“To throw in the towel“ in the last but one paragraph means_A. to make up ones mind
8、to try somethingB. to indicate your disagreementC. to threaten to fight backD. to admit that you have been defeated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What accounted for Amazons failure to continue its boycott according to its statement?A. Amazons cowardice.B. Macmillans arrogance.C. Amazons generosity.D. Macmilla
9、ns monopoly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true?A. Macmillan preferred to sell traditional books rather than e-Books.B. Apple made more profit than Amazon in selling e-Books.C. Macmillan intended to increase its e-Book market.D. Amazon was ready to sell e-Books at lower prices.（分数：2.
10、00）A.B.C.D.Drunken driving- sometimes called Americas socially accepted form of murder- has become a national epidemic (流行病) . Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughl
11、y three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were tolerant in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young childr
12、en, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back
13、to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accomplished by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes“ about drinking and teach them to resist pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, i
14、n many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern (酒店主) in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated“ and later drove off the road, killing a
15、 nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919. They forget that legal prohibition didnt stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organize
16、d crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.（分数：8.00）(1).Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because_A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. Accidents attract so much publicityD. Drinking is a social
17、ly accepted habit in America（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that_A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young people were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Laws recently intro
18、duced in some states have_A. reduced the number of convictionsB. resulted in fewer serious accidentsC. prevented bars from serving drunken customersD. specified the amount drivers can drink（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The problem of drunken driving is difficult to solve because_A. alcohol is easily obtained
19、B. drinking is linked to organized crimeC. legal prohibiting has already failedD. legislation alone is not sufficient（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are actually caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming
20、into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in the isolated Arctic Regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again wi
21、th infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, the
22、y put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in h
23、is nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at o
24、ther times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspiring, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following does NOT agree with the chosen passage?A. The Eskimos do
25、 not suffer from colds all the time.B. Colds are not caused by cold.C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Arctic explorers may catch colds when _A. they are working in the isolated
26、Arctic RegionsB. they are writing reports in terribly cold weatherC. they are free from work in the isolated Arctic RegionsD. they are coming into touch again with the outside world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Volunteers of the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit_A. suffered much from coldness B. n
27、ever caught coldsC. always caught colds D. became very strong（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage mainly discusses _A. the experiments on the Common cold B. the viruses of the common coldC. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Paradise Lost is
28、 Miltons masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man“, that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Miltons words, the purpose of writ
29、ing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men“, but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of cruelness of the ruler in the poem. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritans revolt against the dictator and agai
30、nst the established Catholics and the Anglican Church.In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler, seated on a throne with a group of angels about him singing songs to praise him. His long speeches are not pleasing at all. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are stu
31、pid. But Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, who rises against God and, though defeated, still persists in his fighting.The story of Adam and Eve shows Miltons belief in the power of man. God denies them a chance to pursue for knowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that ope
32、ns before mankind a wide road to intelligent and active life. It has been noted by many critics that Miltons revolutionary feeling makes him forget religious doctrines. The angels who surround God never think of expressing any opinions of their own, and they never seem to have any opinions of their
33、own. The image of God surrounded by such angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch. But Satan and his followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republic Parliament.（分数：8.00）(1).This passage is most probably taken from_A. a review of Miltons Paradise LostB. an introd
34、uction to Milton s Paradise LostC. a depiction of the cruelness of the British rulerD. an introduction to English literature（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the poem, Satan is described as_A. an evil person B. a rebellious heroC. selfish and cruel devil D. a stupid devil（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which 0fthe follo
35、wing can NOT be inferred from this passage?A. Good acts as the dictator of the Kingdom.B. Satan and his followers act as members of Parliament.C. The angels are depicted as followers of the King.D. Adam and Eve are the people to be enlightened.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to this passage, the main
36、 purpose of Paradise Lost is to_A. praise God for the creation of the worldB. change peoples unfavorable impression of SatanC. express his support for the fight of SatanD. criticize the cruelness of the British ruler（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.On February 10, the world of psychiatry will be asked, metaphorical
37、ly, to lie on the couch and answer questions about the state it thinks it is in. For that is the day the American Psychiatric Association (APA) plans to release a draft of the fifth version of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Mental illness carrying such stigma () a
38、s it does, and the brain being as little-understood as it is, revising the DSM is always a controversial undertaking. This time, however, some of the questions asked of the process are likely to be particularly probing.The DSM, the first version of which was published in 1952, lists recognized psych
39、ological disorders and the symptoms used to diagnose them. In the United States, what is in it influences whether someone will be diagnosed with an illness at all, how he will be treated if he is so diagnosed, and whether his insurance company will pay for that treatment. Researchers in other countr
40、ies generally defer to the DSM, too, making the manuals definitions a lingua franca for the science of medical psychology. And, perhaps most profoundly, the DSM, then, is an important document. The APA has been working on the latest revision since 1999, and will not release the final version until M
41、ay 2013. But some people are already accusing it of excessive secrecy and being too ambitious about the changes it proposes. Those critics will be picking over the draft next week to see if their fears have been realized.The original DSM reflected the “psychodynamic“ view of mental illness, in which
42、 problems were thought to result from an interplay between personality and life history. (Think Freud, Jung and long hours recounting your childhood and dreams.) The third version, which was published in 1980, took a more medical approach. Mental illnesses were seen as distinct and classifiable, lik
43、e physical diseases. DSM- came with checklists of symptoms that allowed straightforward, unambiguous diagnosis. Psychiatry began to seem less like an art form and more like a science.DSM- also introduced many more diagnoses than had appeared before. These included attention-deficit disorder, post-tr
44、aumatic stress disorder and social phobia. In fact, the number of specific diagnoses more than doubled between DSM- and DSM-, from 106 to 265. DSM-IV, published in 1994, increased the number to 267, but left the underlying model alone.（分数：8.00）(1).The fn-st paragraph of the passage above suggests th
45、at_A. the world of psychiatry are about to undertake a probing experimentB. it is no easy task for the general public to agree on mental disordersC. it is often possible to reach an agreement on the rewriting of the manualD. the latest version of the manual will be more successful than its precedent
46、s（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Since its first publication in 1952, the DSM has been influential in that_A. it has caused little problem in the actual diagnosis of the illnessB. its stipulation gives exact instructions on the treatment of the illnessC. its principles are adhered to by not only doctors but al
47、so patientsD. it is widely recognized as an important part of medical psychology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).All the following statement are true EXCEPT_A. The final draft of the latest version will take four years to complete.B. The latest version will introduce a number of changes.C. The third version was
48、 much more scientific than the earlier versions.D. Freud is cited as a scientific account of mental illnesses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which version of the DSM is given the least discussion in the passage?A. The second. B. The third. C. The fourth. D. The fifth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Two English-Chi(总题
49、数：1，分数：20.00)I have always disliked being a man. 1. The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, in my opinion. Even the expression “Be a man!“ strikes me as insulting and abusive. It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient, soldierly and stop thinking. Man means “manly“ - how can one think about men without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every mans life. It is a hideous and crippling lie; it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority, i
