1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 4 及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：3，分数：30.00)According to the airline industry statistics, almost 90% of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Exper
2、ts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and lan
3、dings you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alternative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary. In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident,
4、you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To e
5、vacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane a
6、s quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the experts, when should travelers read and listen to safety instructions?（分数：2.00）A.Throughout the flight.B.During landings.C.Before takeoff.D.In an emergency.(2).Which exits suggested in the passage should an airli
7、ne passenger locate before takeoff?（分数：2.00）A.The ones at the back of the plane.B.The nearest one.C.The ones that can be found in the dark.D.The two closest to the passenger“s seat.(3).According to the passage people have more chances to survive fires in aircraft if they_.（分数：2.00）A.keep their feet
8、flat on the floorB.keep their heads lowC.fasten their seat belts tightlyD.read airline safety statistics before takeoff(4).Airline passengers are specifically told NOT to_.（分数：2.00）A.carry personal belongings in an emergencyB.locate the nearest exitC.ask questions about safety during the flightD.jum
9、p in any circumstances(5).What is the main purpose of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To guide people to survive fires.B.To provide safety advice.C.To please travelers.D.To give the information of airline industry statistics.Architecture is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings with dura
10、ble materials following certain canons. Historically, architecture has followed a succession of recognizable styles that may, for example, be identified as Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it has a specific style associated with a particular culture, such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian. Architect
11、ural style, even if it is a country house, factory, hotel, airport, or religious building reflects the values as well as the needs of the society that produces it. However , it is governed not only by taste and aesthetic interest but also by many practical considerations. The availability of suitabl
12、e materials is closely linked to the development of skills and influenced the shapes of buildings. Carpentry developed in areas of the world that were thickly forested. Although it has become scarcer, timber remains an important building material. In other areas, stone and marble were chosen for imp
13、ortant monuments because they are fireproof and durable. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined today because a number of other materials, such as glass, steel, and concrete are more economical to use and assembl
14、e. In regions where both timber and stone were scarce, earth itself was used as a building material. Mud or clay was compact into walls or made into bricks that were dried in the sun. Later, bricks were baked in kilns, which gave them greater durability. Building with stones or bricks is called maso
15、nry. The elements cohere through sheer gravity or the use of mortar. The Romans found natural cement that combined with insert substances, produced concrete. In the early 19th century a truly waterproof cement, the key ingredient of modern cement, was developed. So, it is said that Romans are great
16、contributor to the development of architecture.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer of this article does not mention_.（分数：2.00）A.the style of the buildingsB.the materials of the buildingsC.the concept of architectureD.the areas where stone and timber are rich(2).What does the word “reflects“(Para. 3)mean?（分数：2.
17、00）A.Influences.B.Affects.C.Shows.D.Both A and B(3).Architectural style will show_.（分数：2.00）A.the values of peopleB.the needs of peopleC.the taste of peopleD.all of the above(4).According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The discovery of new building materials
18、 will influence the development of building skills.B.Stone is both a building material and a sculptural material.C.In the modern world, more and more other materials have replaced stone and timber as building materials.D.If an area is short of stone or timber, people usually use bricks as building m
19、aterials.(5).In the architectural history, Romans_.（分数：2.00）A.found a natural building material that can be used to produce concreteB.were the first people who could produce concreteC.found a truly waterproof cementD.contributed most to the development of architectureHow did a peddler of cheap shirt
20、s and fishing rods become the mightiest corporation in America? The short version of Wal-Mart“s rise to glory goes something like this: in 1979 it racked up a billion dollars in sales; by 1993 it did that much business in a week; by 2001 it could do it in a day. It“s a shocking taleone that propelle
21、d Wal-Mart from rural Arkansas, where it was founded in 1962, to the top of the Fortune 500. Sam Walton, Wal-Mart“s founder pushed sales growth continuously while squeezing costs with sophisticated information technology. He exhorted employees to sell better with the “ten-foot rule“(greet customers
22、if they are that close). He was, in other words, an early evangelist for the first commandment of today“s economy: service rules. Wal-Mart, in fact, is the first service company to rise to the top of Fortune 500. When Fortune first published its list of the largest companies in America in 1995, Wal-
23、Mart didn“t even exist. That year General Motors was America“s biggest company, and in every year that followed, either GM or another mighty industrial, Exxon, was No. 1. Wal-Mart“s achievement caps a bigger economic shiftfrom producing goods to providing services. Manufacturing“s share of U. S. emp
24、loyment peaked in 1953, at 35%. It has been declining steadily since. In the decade that will end in 2010, the Bureau of Labor Statistics figures that goods-producing industries will create 1. 3 million new jobs, compared to 20 million for service industries. To look at it another way, today there a
25、re about four times as many people working in service jobs as in other kinds of jobs. And even within manufacturing, services are an increasingly large share of operations. As America got richer, consumption got more complicated. With more income to throw around, people started spending more on serv
26、icesmovies and travel, mortgages to buy houses, insurance to protect those houses, the occasional weekends at a luxury hotel; Fortune calls this a shift in the demand pattern. Over the few years, only three of the ten fastest-growing occupations(software engineers, nurses, and computer support)pay m
27、iddle-class salaries. The rest could be called Wal-Mart kinds of jobscashiers, retail assistants, food service, and so on. In short, the service economy is delivering more good jobs than ever before.（分数：10.00）(1).In 1993, Wal-Mart could have a sales volume of two billion dollars in_.（分数：2.00）A.one w
28、eekB.two weeksC.one dayD.two days(2).To take Wal-Mart to the top of the Fortune 500, Sam Walton_.（分数：2.00）A.promoted sales and cut costs at the same timeB.exhorted employees to sell better with the “ten-foot rule“C.spared no efforts to push sales growthD.cut back costs with information technology(3)
29、.In 1995, _was America“s biggest company.（分数：2.00）A.ExxonB.General MotorsC.Wal-MartD.IBM(4).Today, _are working in service industry.（分数：2.00）A.four out of fiveB.35% workersC.20 millionD.1. 3 million(5).According to Fortune, Wal-Mart“s rise is mainly the result of_.（分数：2.00）A.the decline of goods-pro
30、ducing industriesB.the rise of the middle classC.a shift in the demand patternD.Sam Walton“s hard work在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 4 答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：3，分数：30.00)According to the airline industry statistics, almost 90% of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable
31、. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips as tightly as possible. Of
32、course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alternative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you
33、can find them in the dark if necessary. In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with nap
34、kins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms
35、 and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the experts, when should travelers read and listen to safety instructions?（分数：2.00）A.Throughout the flight.B.During
36、 landings.C.Before takeoff. D.In an emergency.解析：解析：这是一道细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章的第一段中专家所说“你应该在飞机起飞之前阅读并聆听飞行安全说明，如果有疑问就要提出来”。因此答案为 C。(2).Which exits suggested in the passage should an airline passenger locate before takeoff?（分数：2.00）A.The ones at the back of the plane.B.The nearest one. C.The ones that can be
37、 found in the dark.D.The two closest to the passenger“s seat.解析：解析：这是一道细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句话，我们可以知道在飞机起飞前，乘客应该知道离自己最近的出口在哪，因此答案为 B。我们也可以根据常识排除 A，选项 C 和 D 都只谈到了一部分，属于以偏概全的选项。(3).According to the passage people have more chances to survive fires in aircraft if they_.（分数：2.00）A.keep their feet flat on the f
38、loorB.keep their heads low C.fasten their seat belts tightlyD.read airline safety statistics before takeoff解析：解析：这是一道细节题。根据题干可定位文中第二段的第二句话，“If smoke is present in the cabin，you should keep your head low”，我们可知如果机舱内起火，乘客应该低下头。因此选 B。(4).Airline passengers are specifically told NOT to_.（分数：2.00）A.carry
39、personal belongings in an emergency B.locate the nearest exitC.ask questions about safety during the flightD.jump in any circumstances解析：解析：这是一道是非判断题。根据文章第二段第四句“To evacuate as quickly as possible，follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you”，我们可知紧急疏散时，专家建议乘客不要携带个人物品，因此应该选 A。(5).
40、What is the main purpose of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To guide people to survive fires.B.To provide safety advice. C.To please travelers.D.To give the information of airline industry statistics.解析：解析：这是一道主旨题。浏览全文，我们知道全篇都是在讲万一飞机发生事故时，乘客应该具体怎么做，以增加生还的机会。因此文章主要的目的是对乘客进行安全指导，选 B。Architecture is the art or
41、science of designing and constructing buildings with durable materials following certain canons. Historically, architecture has followed a succession of recognizable styles that may, for example, be identified as Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it has a specific style associated with a particu
42、lar culture, such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian. Architectural style, even if it is a country house, factory, hotel, airport, or religious building reflects the values as well as the needs of the society that produces it. However , it is governed not only by taste and aesthetic interest but also by m
43、any practical considerations. The availability of suitable materials is closely linked to the development of skills and influenced the shapes of buildings. Carpentry developed in areas of the world that were thickly forested. Although it has become scarcer, timber remains an important building mater
44、ial. In other areas, stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and durable. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined today because a number of other materials, such as glass, s
45、teel, and concrete are more economical to use and assemble. In regions where both timber and stone were scarce, earth itself was used as a building material. Mud or clay was compact into walls or made into bricks that were dried in the sun. Later, bricks were baked in kilns, which gave them greater
46、durability. Building with stones or bricks is called masonry. The elements cohere through sheer gravity or the use of mortar. The Romans found natural cement that combined with insert substances, produced concrete. In the early 19th century a truly waterproof cement, the key ingredient of modern cem
47、ent, was developed. So, it is said that Romans are great contributor to the development of architecture.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer of this article does not mention_.（分数：2.00）A.the style of the buildingsB.the materials of the buildingsC.the concept of architectureD.the areas where stone and timber are
48、rich 解析：解析：这是一道细节题。浏览全文，我们可得知全文第一段谈到了建筑学的概念(选项 C)；第二段在讲建筑风格(选项 A)；第三段以后的部分一直在谈建筑材料的问题(选项 B)；之后文章说到建筑材料的获得对建筑的影响，但并未谈及哪里石材和木材丰富。因此选 D。(2).What does the word “reflects“(Para. 3)mean?（分数：2.00）A.Influences.B.Affects.C.Shows. D.Both A and B解析：解析：这是一道词语理解题。回到“reflect”所在的句子，我们可找到其主语是“Architectural style”，宾
49、语是“values”，我们知道建筑风格只能反映价值观，而不能影响人们的价值观，因此可以确定答案为选项 C。另外，根据排除法，选项 A 和选项 B 是同义词，选项 D 是其两者的总结，所以可同时排除。(3).Architectural style will show_.（分数：2.00）A.the values of peopleB.the needs of peopleC.the taste of peopleD.all of the above 解析：解析：这是一道细节题。根据文章第三段我们可知，建筑风格反映人们的价值观(选项 A)、需求(选项 B)和品味(选项 C)，选项 D 涵盖了以上所有部分，是正确答案。(4).According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The discovery of new building materials will influence the development of building skills.B.Stone is both a building mate
