1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 2 及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：3，分数：30.00)People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. Using census(人口普查)data for more than one million people
2、in Austrian, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Plank Institute for Demographic(人口统计的)Research found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year coul
3、d both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in old age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last stage of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat fewer vitamins than in summer,“ said one of the scientists. “When she stops breast-feeding a
4、nd starts giving her baby normal food, it“s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are inclined to infections of the digestive system. “ In Austria, adults born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring, and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in
5、spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture is similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census da
6、ta. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists.（分数：10.00）(1).People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring because_.（分数：2.00）A.a baby born in autumn is never subject to any infectionsB.a baby born in spring receives no protection
7、from infectionsC.a mother giving birth in spring has less nutrition during her pregnancyD.a mother giving birth in autumn eats more vitamins during the last stage of her pregnancy(2).The term “life expectancy“(Line 5)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the average period that a person may expect to liveB.the leng
8、th of time for each personC.the expectations of a person“s lifeD.the seasonal changes in a person“s life(3).Which of the following terms is EXCLUDED from the scientists“ demographic research?（分数：2.00）A.Statistics of births.B.Statistics of death.C.Statistics of diseases.D.Statistics of breast-feeding
9、.(4).The last sentence of the passage implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the seasonal pattern determines a person“s life expectancyB.the seasonal pattern still influences life expectancy even if nutrition improves at all times of the yearC.the seasonal pattern has an impact on food valuesD.the seasonal patter
10、n will not change even if nutrition has improved much in modern age(5).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.why people born in autumn are free from chronic illnessB.how the seasonal pattern affects the health of new-born babiesC.how the month of birth is related to life expectancyD.how nutrition
11、in different seasons influences life expectancyThe fact that blind people can “see“ things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about colour. If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by colour unconsciously. Man
12、ufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, and that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of colour psychology that now finds application in everyth
13、ing from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day colour with associations of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day me
14、ant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the colour of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defence and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colours, partly because of their psychological association, also have a direct psycholo
15、gical effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming colour. Because of its exciting connotations(含义), red was chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis
16、 shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colours that stop the traffic dead.（分数：10.00）(1).Manufacturers found out that colour affects sales_.（分数：2.00）A.by expe
17、rimenting with different coloursB.by experience over a long period of timeC.by trying out colour on blind peopleD.by developing the discipline of colour psychology(2).Our preferences for certain colours are_.（分数：2.00）A.partly due to psychological factorsB.linked with our primitive ancestorsC.depende
18、nt on our characterD.associated with the time of day(3).If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen?（分数：2.00）A.They feel afraid.B.Their hearts beat faster.C.They breathe faster.D.Their blood pressure rises.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true accor
19、ding to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The psychology of colour is of some practical use.B.Colour probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of.C.People exposed to pure blue start to breathe slowly.D.Yellow fire engines have caused many traffic accidents in some advanced communities.(5).The mos
20、t suitable title for this passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Practical Use of ColourB.Colour and FeelingsC.Colour and Its ConnotationsD.The Discipline of Colour PsychologyHappiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent investigations, sixty to seventy perc
21、ent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy, one in twenty persons feel very happy. Psychologists have been studying the factors contributing to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to
22、 do with his actual feelings. A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously under-educated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs. The rich are not likely to be happier than th
23、e middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college education are somewhat happier than those who didn“t graduate from high schools, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a very high income and a c
24、ollege education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education. It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level, no matter where it stands at a “given time. The best formula for happiness
25、 is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, people with college education_.（分数：2.00）A.are necessarily happier than those under-educated peopleB.hav
26、e a positive mood and a pleasant state of mindC.consider themselves to be very happyD.have more chance to control their lives(2).The italicized word “they“ in the second paragraph refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.recent investigationsB.psychologistsC.education and incomeD.mood and state of mind(3).Which of the
27、 following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.People in ideal situations are not necessarily happy.B.Sometimes the poor may feel happier than the rich.C.The richer one is the happier one maybe.D.Those who are satisfied with what they have often feel happy.(4).The second paragraph is written to tell u
28、s that_.（分数：2.00）A.happiness is not necessarily connected to one“s situationB.well-educated people are not happyC.happiness lies in a good education and a high incomeD.the middle-income group are the happiest people(5).In the eyes of the author, the best formula for happiness is to be able to_.（分数：2
29、.00）A.put up with frustrationB.have a personal involvement and commitmentC.be self-confident and self-respectingD.possess all the abilities above在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 2 答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：3，分数：30.00)People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less
30、likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. Using census(人口普查)data for more than one million people in Austrian, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Plank Institute for Demographic(人口统计的)Research found the month of birth was related to life expect
31、ancy over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in old age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last
32、stage of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat fewer vitamins than in summer,“ said one of the scientists. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it“s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are inclined to infections of the digestive system. “ In Austria, adults
33、born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring, and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture is similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about four months longer than th
34、ose born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists.（分数：10.00）(1).People born in autumn live longer than
35、those born in spring because_.（分数：2.00）A.a baby born in autumn is never subject to any infectionsB.a baby born in spring receives no protection from infectionsC.a mother giving birth in spring has less nutrition during her pregnancyD.a mother giving birth in autumn eats more vitamins during the last
36、 stage of her pregnancy 解析：解析：这是一道细节题，要求回答秋季出生的人比春季出生的人长寿的原因。文章的中间部分引用了一位科学家的观点：她在这个时期摄入的维生素要少于夏季。也就是说孕妇在夏季摄人的维生素要多于冬季，而秋季分娩的孕妇恰好在夏季度过孕期的最后阶段。这种维生素摄入量的差异影响了新生儿的健康及其长大后的平均寿命，因此选择 D。而选项 A“秋季出生的婴儿从不感染任何传染病”、选项 B“春季出生的婴儿对传染病没有抵抗力”和选项 C“春季分娩的母亲怀孕期间摄入较少营养”在文章中都没有提及。(2).The term “life expectancy“(Line 5)re
37、fers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the average period that a person may expect to live B.the length of time for each personC.the expectations of a person“s lifeD.the seasonal changes in a person“s life解析：解析：这是一道语义题。通过构词法，我们知道这是个由 life 和 expectancy 构成的复合词。life表示“生活，生命，活力等”，而 expectancy 源自动词 expect(预计，预期)。因此可以推断“lif
38、e expectancy”表示人的平均寿命，也就是选项 A 所表示的内容。(3).Which of the following terms is EXCLUDED from the scientists“ demographic research?（分数：2.00）A.Statistics of births.B.Statistics of death.C.Statistics of diseases.D.Statistics of breast-feeding. 解析：解析：这是一道细节判断题。答题时可以从文章中寻找相应的句子和段落，并从中得出答案。这道题的题干是“以下哪个术语被排除在科学家
39、的人口统计研究之外”，也就是说文章中一定提到了人口统计研究中的三个术语。本文的倒数第二句话(该研究将焦点对准 20 世纪初出生的人，以死亡证明和人口普查数据为参考)提到两个术语：出生统计学和死亡统计学(选项 A、B)。而文章中提到孕妇孕期所吃的东西因季节而变化，一年之中不同时期流行的传染病也不一样，两者都会对新生儿的健康产生影响，并进而影响他们到老年时的平均寿命。因此，疾病统计学(选项 C)也在科学家的考虑之内。由此可见，选项 D(母乳喂养统计学)被排除在科学家的人口统计研究之外。(4).The last sentence of the passage implies that_.（分数：2.
40、00）A.the seasonal pattern determines a person“s life expectancyB.the seasonal pattern still influences life expectancy even if nutrition improves at all times of the year C.the seasonal pattern has an impact on food valuesD.the seasonal pattern will not change even if nutrition has improved much in
41、modern age解析：解析：这是一道推理题，要求推断文章最后一句话所暗示的内容。文章最后一句话告诉我们：尽管人们在一年中各个时期的营养状况与那时相比都已经有所改善，这样的季节性差异却依然存在。也就是说季节性差异这种模式仍然影响新生儿健康及其长大后的平均寿命，因此选择 B。选项 A“季节模式决定人的平均寿命”夸大了季节性差异的作用；文章没有提及选项 C“季节模式影响食物价值”；选项 D“即使人们在当代的营养状况比那时改善很多，季节性差异却依然存在”是文章的原意，不是暗示的内容，也应排除。(5).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.why peopl
42、e born in autumn are free from chronic illnessB.how the seasonal pattern affects the health of new-born babiesC.how the month of birth is related to life expectancy D.how nutrition in different seasons influences life expectancy解析：解析：这是一道主旨题。通览全文，我们发现本文讲述了科学家的一项研究发现，即人们 50 岁以后的平均寿命与出生月份有关，并解释其原因。因此选
43、择 C。文章没有提及选项 A“为什么秋季出生的人不患慢性疾病”和选项 D“不同季节的营养如何影响平均寿命”。选项 B“季节模式如何影响新生儿的健康”只涉及文章的部分内容。The fact that blind people can “see“ things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about colour. If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we, too, are
44、 affected by colour unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, and that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of colour psychology
45、 that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day colour with associations of energy and incentive. For pri
46、mitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the colour of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defence and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colours, partly because of their psychological as
47、sociation, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming colour. Because of its exciting connotations(含义), red was chosen as the
48、signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colours that stop the traffic dead.（分数：10.00）(1).Manufacturers found out that co
49、lour affects sales_.（分数：2.00）A.by experimenting with different colours B.by experience over a long period of timeC.by trying out colour on blind peopleD.by developing the discipline of colour psychology解析：解析：这是一道细节题，要求回答生产商通过什么方式发现颜色影响销售这个事实。文章第二段的第一句话提到生产商通过进行各种尝试发现用绿色包装的糖果滞销，蓝色食物被认为是不愉快的，而化妆品绝对不能用褐色材料包装。因此选择 A“对不同的颜色进行实验”。解答这道题的关键是理解词组“by trial and error”(进行各种尝试)的意思。如果不能理解该词组的意思，可以通过上下文判断，既然该句中提到了各种颜色商品的销售情况，必然是对其进行一定的试验或尝试后所得出的结论。(2).Our preferences for certain colours are_.（分数：2.00）A.partly due to ps
