1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 19及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenz
2、o“s parents set out to prove the doctors wrong. The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companie
3、s weren“t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease. However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error (反复实验)， they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly fou
4、nd in the kitchen. The cure, named “Lorenzo“s Oil“, saved the boy“s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluct
5、ant to try it. Finally, the boy“s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy. (224 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_.（分数：2.00）A.they had never treated the dise
6、ase beforeB.Lorenzo was too young to be curedC.no cure had been found for ALDD.ALD was a rare disease(2).The families of other ALD patients thought that_.（分数：2.00）A.the research for the new cure would cost too much moneyB.the efforts of Lorenzo“s parents were a waste of timeC.Lorenzo“s parents would
7、 succeed in finding a cureD.Lorenzo“s oil was a real cure for ALD(3).Scientists and doctors believed that Lorenzo“s Oil_.（分数：2.00）A.was really effectiveB.was a success storyC.only worked in theoryD.would save the boy“s life(4).Lorenzo“s father organized an international study to_.（分数：2.00）A.test Lor
8、enzo“s OilB.get financial supportC.find a cure for the diseaseD.introduce the cure worldwide(5).From the passage we can conclude that_.（分数：2.00）A.doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cureB.many ALD patients still refuse to use the oilC.various cures have been found for ALDD.the oil re
9、ally works as a cure for ALDLong after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournam
10、ent (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees“ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee m
11、ade almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from
12、 the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for error
13、s was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football“s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also say
14、s that FIFA“s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. (286 words)（分数：10.00）(1).The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_.（分数：2.00）A.review the decisions of referees
15、 at the 1998 World CupB.analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC.set a standard for football refereeingD.reexamine the rules for football refereeing(2).The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was_.（分数：2.00）A.slightly above averageB.higher than in the 1998 World Cup
16、C.quite unexpectedD.as high as in a standard match(3).The findings of the experiment show that_.（分数：2.00）A.errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB.the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC.the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors
17、occurD.errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot(4).The word “officials“ (Line 3, Para. 4) most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the researchers involved in the experimentB.the inspectors of the football tournamentC.the referees of the football tournamentD.the observers at the site of th
18、e experiment(5).What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?（分数：2.00）A.The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B.Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C.A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D.An ex
19、perienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many statesat least in getting people off welfare. It“s estimated that more than two million people have left the rolls since 1994. I
20、n the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $ 6 an hour. The result： The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent twice the national average. For advocat
21、es (代言人) for the poor, that“s an indication that much more needs to be done. “More people are getting jobs, but it“s not making their lives any better,“ says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington. A center analysis of U.S. Census data nationwide fo
22、und that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as t
23、hey did with it is in itself a huge victory. “Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,“ says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It“s beginning to rebuild the work ethic (工作道德), which is
24、much more important. “ Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,“ then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards. (286 words)（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, it can be seen that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.believes the reform has reduce
25、d the government“s burdenB.insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC.is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD.considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful(2).Why aren“t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?（分数：2.00）A.Because many families a
26、re divorced.B.Because government aid is now rare.C.Because their wages are low.D.Because the cost of living is rising.(3).What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that_.（分数：2.00）A.greater efforts should be made to improve people“s living standardsB.70 percent of the people there hav
27、e been employed for two yearsC.50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD.the living standards of most people are going down(4).From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at_.（分数：2.00）A.saving welfare fundsB.rebuilding the work ethicC.providing more jobsD.cutting government exp
28、enses(5).According to the passage, before the welfare reform was carried out, _.（分数：2.00）A.the poverty rate was lowerB.average living standards were higherC.the average worker was paid higher wagesD.the poor used to rely on government aidAmericans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet th
29、ey love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is; the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more profess
30、ional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a unif
31、orm. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身 份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfo
32、rtable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with i
33、t, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms ar
34、e also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. (294 words)（分数：10.00）(1).It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality_.（分数：2.00）A.still judge a man by his clothesB.hold the unifor
35、m in such high regardC.enjoy having a professional identityD.will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform(2).People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform_.（分数：2.00）A.suggests quality workB.discards his social identityC.appears to be more practicalD.looks superior to a pe
36、rson in civilian clothes(3).The chief function of a uniform is to_.（分数：2.00）A.provide practical benefits to the wearerB.make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC.inspire the wearer“s confidence in himselfD.provide the wearer with a professional identity(4).According to the passage, people wearing uniform
37、s_.（分数：2.00）A.are usually helpfulB.have little or no individual freedomC.tend to lose their individualityD.enjoy greater popularity(5).The best title for this passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.Uniforms and SocietyB.The Importance of Wearing a UniformC.Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD.Advantages a
38、nd Disadvantages of Uniforms在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 19答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die wit
39、hin three years. But Lorenzo“s parents set out to prove the doctors wrong. The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste
40、 of time, and drug companies weren“t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease. However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error (反复实验)， they finally created a cure from in
41、gredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named “Lorenzo“s Oil“, saved the boy“s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families wi
42、th ALD children were reluctant to try it. Finally, the boy“s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy. (224 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_.（分数：2.00）A.they
43、 had never treated the disease beforeB.Lorenzo was too young to be curedC.no cure had been found for ALD D.ALD was a rare disease解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章首段第二句“Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD，and that he would probably die within three years”(医生解释说当前还没有治疗 ALD的药，因此他很可能在三年内死亡。)因此选 C。(2).The
44、families of other ALD patients thought that_.（分数：2.00）A.the research for the new cure would cost too much moneyB.the efforts of Lorenzo“s parents were a waste of time C.Lorenzo“s parents would succeed in finding a cureD.Lorenzo“s oil was a real cure for ALD解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章第二段末句说：“They thought the
45、efforts to find a cure were a waste of time”(他们认为寻找治疗 ALD的方法只是在浪费时间)，因此选 B。A“新方法的研制将耗资巨大”，文章没有提及。C“洛伦佐的父母最终会找到治疗的方法”，并非其他 ALD患者家属的看法。因为当时 Lorenzos oil还未被发现，所以说它“是一种真正能治疗 ALD的药物”还为时过早，故排除 D。(3).Scientists and doctors believed that Lorenzo“s Oil_.（分数：2.00）A.was really effectiveB.was a success storyC.o
46、nly worked in theory D.would save the boy“s life解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第三段倒数第二句说“They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory”(他们说没有确凿的证据证明Lorenzos oil对这种疾病有疗效，这仅是理论上的治疗方法。)因此选 C。(4).Lorenzo“s father organized an international study to_.（分数：2.00）A.test Lor
47、enzo“s Oil B.get financial supportC.find a cure for the diseaseD.introduce the cure worldwide解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章末段首句说“the boys father organized an international study to test the oil”(孩子的：疋亲组织了一个科研小组来检测这种药的疗效。)这种药即指Lorenzos oil，因此选 A。(5).From the passage we can conclude that_.（分数：2.00）A.doctors remai
48、n doubtful of the effectiveness of the cureB.many ALD patients still refuse to use the oilC.various cures have been found for ALDD.the oil really works as a cure for ALD 解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章末句说“After ten years of trials，the answer is the oil keeps ALD children healthy”(长达 10年的试验最终证明：这种药物能使 ALD病患儿童保持健康
49、。)可见这种药物对 ALD具有治愈效果。A“医生们仍旧对该药物的效果持怀疑态度”只是片面观点，不是最终结论；文中第三段末句所说的“reluctant”意为“不情愿”，并非“拒绝”，因此排除 B；C“各种ALD的治疗方法均已找到”，文中没有提及。Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided
