1、在职攻读硕士联考英语-33 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the Arctic Circle, it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence. This effectually retards progres
2、s to higher development. Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone, and bones of animals. All of these have been used for habitations and sto
3、rage places, differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers. The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes
4、the houses more impervious (不能渗透的) to the cold. Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very likely to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual constructio
5、n of such a tent is similar to that used by other, more southerly tribes and will be described later. The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation. Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the delicate art is worth recording and some of our winter camps in the mountains m
6、ight try to make snow houses.（分数：20.00）(1).Eskimos“ efforts to build houses _.（分数：4.00）A.result in various buildingsB.are limited by a hostile environmentC.are restricted by their abilityD.retard progress to higher development(2).Which of the following about the construction of houses is true?（分数：4.
7、00）A.Building materials differ from tribe to tribe.B.Building materials are the same for all the houses.C.Building materials are selected according to weather.D.Building materials are decided by skilled workers.(3).Why do Eskimos build their houses partly under the ground?（分数：4.00）A.They like to liv
8、e under the ground.B.They are short of essential materials for walls and roofs.C.They want their houses less affected by the cold.D.Both B and C.(4).In the long winter, Eskimos commonly live in _.（分数：4.00）A.a snow houseB.a stone houseC.a storage placeD.a tent of sealskin(5).What does the author thin
9、k of snow houses?（分数：4.00）A.Interesting.B.Artistic.C.Unique.D.All of the above.三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：20.00)We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed an
10、d not be seen by the press. Then, with President Yahya“s cooperation he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistani plane would fly him over the mountains to China. Kissinger“s trip was given the code (密码) name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journeying to Chin
11、a. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illness in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making arrangements for their own entertainment. Because of the need for com
12、plete secrecy and the lack of any direct communication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So before Kissinger left, we agreed on a s
13、ingle code wordEurekawhich he would use if his mission were successful. On July 11, A1 Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived. “What“s the message?“ I asked. “Eureka,“ he replied.（分数：20.00）(1).Kissinger stopped in Pakistan because _.（分数：4.00）A.he happe
14、ned to have a stomachacheB.he needed a rest after a long journeyC.he had a secret mission to perform thereD.he did not want to be seen by the press(2).The reporters in Islamabad believed that _.（分数：4.00）A.Kissinger was not feeling wellB.Kissinger had just come back from VietnamC.Kissinger had put of
15、f leaving for ChinaD.Kissinger was preparing to entertain them(3).The statement “everything went without a hitch“(Para. 2) most probably means that（分数：4.00）A.nothing was easy with the missionB.the plans were carried out with great difficultyC.things went smoothlyD.there was no possibility of success
16、(4).There was no news from Kissinger while he was in Beijing, chiefly because _.（分数：4.00）A.his trip had to be kept secretB.President Yahya did not go with KissingerC.communication between Beijing and Islamabad was difficultD.the negotiation (谈判) was not successful(5).The passage implies that Kissing
17、er“s message “Eureka“ was sent _.（分数：4.00）A.when the negotiation started in BeijingB.as soon as he arrived in WashingtonC.when he flew to Vietnam on July 11D.when the negotiation was completed in Beijing四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Who are the poor in the United States? As of 1970, nearly two-thir
18、ds of the poor people were white. Although nonwhites make up only one-third of those classified as poor, this reflects a great overrepresentation (过分代表) of their number because the nonwhites made up less than 16 percent of the total population in 1970. Other categories (种类，类型) also help to define th
19、e poor. There are the aged poor. Almost one-fifth of all poor Americans are aged 65 or older. Another large segment of the poor in the United States is found in rural areas. Nearly one-fourth of all people living on farms in 1970 were classified as poor. Migrant workers and American Indians are incl
20、uded as part of the rural poor. But the greatest number of poor Americans is found in the cities. More than one-half of all single individuals whose income was below $3000 in 1970 lived in urban areas, as did one-half of all four-person families with incomes below $6000. Government officials have fo
21、und it important to define who the poor are because each group has different needs. Different approaches are needed to help solve the problems of the poor.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, all of the following are valid statements concerning the poor EXCEPT that _.（分数：4.00）A.many of the poor a
22、re old peopleB.many of the poor are foreignersC.many of the poor are nonwhitesD.many of the poor live on farms(2).Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Poverty is the greatest problem facing the United States today.B.The American economy is the major reason th
23、at there are so many poor.C.Poverty is largely the result of ineffective government policies.D.The poor cannot be said to be one uniform group.(3).Many of _ are the poor who live on farms.（分数：4.00）A.migrant workers and IndiansB.white people and NegroesC.the elderly and the handicappedD.retired peopl
24、e and Negroes(4).As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “migrant“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.of visiting as a touristB.of moving officially from one place, job, thing, etc. to anotherC.of moving from one place to another; changing one“s place of living, esp. for a limited periodD.of
25、going from place to place, esp. to a long distant place; making a journey(5).According to the passage, a single individual who earns _ in 1970 is classified as a poor person.（分数：4.00）A.below $1500B.less than $6000C.more than $3000D.less than $3000五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are approximately
26、 three quarters of a ton of termites (白蚁) for every person on Earth. It now turns out that these critters (生物) may be helping to alter the climate and affect man“s life. For years scientists have been saying that carbon dioxide sent into the atmosphere by the burning of fuels might lead to the rise
27、in temperatures of the whole earth, owing to the greenhouse effect in which the gas prevents the escape of heat into outer space. Now an international team of researchers has discovered that termites generate more than twice the carbon dioxide that fuel burning does. And this production, which comes
28、 from the insects“ eating and consuming of different kinds of vegetables and wood has risen greatly. This is chiefly because man has cut so many trees in order to open more land and thus has provided large quantities of food for the insects in the form of tiny pieces of wood. The output from the bur
29、ning of fuels is of greater concern, however, because it is continuing to rise steadily and so far no effective measures have been taken to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced in this way. Production by termites, on the other hand, is not likely to increase much more.（分数：20.00）(1).From the
30、passage we know that “the greenhouse effect“ is an effect in which _.（分数：4.00）A.low temperatures are created by using a houseB.the house is made green in order to keep heatC.heat is prevented from escaping outsideD.everything is kept green in a house(2).Which of the following consists of three words
31、 that refer exactly to the same thing in the passage?（分数：4.00）A.climate, temperature, heatB.carbon dioxide, the gas, atmosphereC.output, production, effectD.termites, critters, insects(3).Which of the following sentences is true?（分数：4.00）A.Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere carries heat into outer spa
32、ce so as to change the climate.B.Carbon dioxide may escape into the greenhouse so that the Earth will be made warmer.C.As carbon dioxide keeps heat from escaping into outer space, the Earth may become warmer.D.Carbon dioxide may made the Earth warmer because it lets the heat escape into outer space.
33、(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：4.00）A.It is the production by termites that is now of greater concern.B.What scientists worry more about is the output from burning fuels.C.The output from burning fuels is now rising steadily.D.The burning of fuels generates much less carbon di
34、oxide than termites do.(5).The best title for this passage might be _.（分数：4.00）A.The Effect of Termites on the ClimateB.Why Carbon Dioxide Can Affect the ClimateC.The Output from Burning FuelD.How Greenhouse Works六、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：20.00)No country in the world has more daily newspapers than th
35、e USA. There are almost 2000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influenc
36、e all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend t
37、o limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational“, which feature crime, sex and rumour, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to en
38、tertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television. Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most d
39、aily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be eith
40、er responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vi
41、etnam War.（分数：20.00）(1).There are fewer national newspapers in _.（分数：4.00）A.Britain than in the USAB.France than in BritainC.the USA than in Britain or FranceD.France than in the USA or Britain(2).Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because _.（分数：4.00）A.they have to keep up a goo
42、d relation with themB.they have to compete with televisionC.they have to write about crime, sex and rumourD.they have to give factual news in an interesting way(3).Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency _.（分数：4.00）A.supporting extremist groups from time to timeB.inv
43、iting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for themC.avoiding carrying articles about extremistsD.printing articles representing different political viewpoints(4).In this passage, the word “press“ (Para. 2) means _.（分数：4.00）A.a machine for printingB.the business printingC.great forceD.news
44、papers(5).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：4.00）A.the characteristics of American newspapersB.the development of American newspapersC.the functions of American newspapersD.the merits and shortcomings of American newspapers在职攻读硕士联考英语-33 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
45、二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the Arctic Circle, it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence. This effectually retards progress to higher development. Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of
46、miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone, and bones of animals. All of these have been used for habitations and storage places, differing in various tribes according to the requirements and ski
47、ll of the workers. The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes the houses more impervious (不能渗透的) to the cold. Most of us are inclined to thi
48、nk that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very likely to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual construction of such a tent is similar to that used by other, more southerly tribes and w
49、ill be described later. The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation. Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the delicate art is worth recording and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses.（分数：20.00）(1).Eskimos“ efforts to build houses _.（分数：4.00）A.result in various buildingsB.are limited by a hostile environment C.are restricted by their abilityD.retard progress to higher development解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问爱斯基摩人建房的努力如何。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第一段中找到相关内容。这段指出，
