1、四川大学英语语言学真题 2007 年及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.productivity (design feature of language)（分数：2.00）_2.phatic function of language（分数：2.00）_3.descriptive study of linguistics（分数：2.00）_4.bilabial consonant（分数：2.00）_5.minimal pairs（分数：2.00）_6.morpheme（分数：2.00）_7.inflection（分数：2.00）_pound（分数：2.00）_9.stem（分
2、数：2.00）_10.back-formation（分数：2.00）_11.rational（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.moral（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.regular（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.political（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.effective（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.human（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.relevant（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.legal（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.proportionate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.resistible（分数：1.00）填空项
3、 1:_21.How is the relation between sound and meaning classified?（分数：5.00）_22.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?（分数：5.00）_23.They are moving sidewalks.（分数：2.00）_24.Tom said Marl would go yesterday.（分数：2.00）_25.the synthetic buffalo hides（分数：2.00）_26.the fat
4、 mayors wife（分数：2.00）_27.old man and women（分数：2.00）_四川大学英语语言学真题 2007 年答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.productivity (design feature of language)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(By productivity, language is designed to make its users form and understand infinite sentences, most of which are never before produced or heard)解
5、析：解析 本题考查语言的定义特点之一多产性，考生也应掌握语言的任意性、二层性和移位性。2.phatic function of language（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Phatic function of language refers to the use of such small, seemingly meaningless expressions that help establish some atmosphere and maintain interpersonal relations without involving any factual content)解析：解析
6、本题考查语言的寒暄功能，考生也应掌握语言其他功能的定义。3.descriptive study of linguistics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Descriptive study of linguistics is a kind of linguistic study in which linguists just try to describe and record the language rules to which the members of a language community actually conform and do not seek to impose u
7、pon them other rules)解析：解析 本题考查描写式语言学研究的定义，考生也应了解语言学研究的其他方法，如规定式，共时和历时等概念。4.bilabial consonant（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Bilabial consonant refers to the consonant articulated with the two lips)解析：解析 本题考查双唇辅音的定义，考生也应知道其他辅音与元音，以及发音器官和发音方法等概念。5.minimal pairs（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Minimal pairs are pairs of words or phr
8、ases in a particular language, which differ in only one phonological element and have a distinct meaning such as “bit“ and “bet“)解析：解析 本题考查进行音位研究中的重要概念最小对比对。6.morpheme（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content, a unit that ca
9、nnot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical o grammatical, e.g. good, in-, -ed, etc)解析：解析 本题考查形态学研究中的重要概念语素。7.inflection（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Inflection indicates grammatical relations by adding inflectional affixessuch as number
10、, person, fifliteness, aspect and case; and when inflectional affixes are added, the grammatical class of the stems(to which they are attached)will not changeFor instance，car/cars, open/opened, boy/boys)解析：解析 本题考查形态学领域涉及的重要概念曲折变化。pound（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Compound refers to those words that consist of mo
11、re than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separate words to produce a single form，such as railway, sunrise, lap-top)解析：解析 本题考查构词法中的复合概念。9.stem（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added，e.g. ，friend-infriends，friendship-infr
12、iendships)解析：解析 本题考查语素类型中的词干定义，考生应能区分词干与词根等概念。10.back-formation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Back-formation refers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the languageFor example, editor/edit, enthusiasm/enthuse)解析
13、：解析 本题考查构词法中逆构词法概念，考生应能灵活掌握其他类型的构词法，如新创法，混成法，缩写词，缩略语，类推构词及借词等。11.rational（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：irrational）解析：12.moral（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：immoral）解析：13.regular（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：irregular）解析：14.political（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unpolitical）解析：15.effective（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：inefiective）解析：16
14、.human（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：inhuman）解析：17.relevant（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：irrelevant）解析：18.legal（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：illegal）解析：19.proportionate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：disproportionate）解析：20.resistible（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：irresistible）解析：解析 本题型旨在考查考生对词缀的灵活运用，比如能在所给词的基础上加上前缀、中缀或后缀，以期构成派生词。在英语中，前缀与
15、后缀使用较为广泛。考生应在学习中不断总结词缀附加的方法和规律，这样，不仅可以学好词汇学的内容，同时也可以扩大词汇量。考生尤其是要能够把握英语中常用的前、后缀，如表示否定的前缀 dis-，un，in-(in-，im-，ir-)等，和表示名词的后缀-tion，-ment 等。21.How is the relation between sound and meaning classified?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(The relation between sound and meaning can be classified in terms of arbitrariness and d
16、uality, two design features of language.By arbitrariness, we mean that there is no logical connection between sound and meaning, the two subsystems of language. But language is not absolutely arbitrary, there is a matter of convention existing between sound and meaning, e.g., onomatopoeia.By duality
17、 is meant the language property of having two levels of structures: meaningful units and meaningless segments (e.g. sounds).The only function of finite sounds is to combine with one another to form units that having meaning, such as words, and with thousands of words we associate infinite meanings w
18、ith the help of some rules.)解析：解析 本题通过音、意关系的探讨，考查考生对语言定义特征中的任意性和二重性的把握。任意性认为语言的音、意间没有天然的联系，但同时也并不否定它们之间存在一定的规约性。语言的二重性特点不仅构筑了音、意间的紧密关系，同时也更好地阐释了“有限的语音，无限的意义”这一重要命题。22.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(The distinction is sometimes known as a
19、 distinction between inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes.First, inflectional affixes are generally less productive than derivational affixes: they very often only add a inute or delicate grarmnatical function to the stem. Therefore, they serve to produce different forms of a single lex
20、eme. However, derivational affixes are very productive in making new words.Second, inflectional affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to, whereas derivational affixes might or might not.Third, whether one should add inflectional affixes or not depends very often on the other f
21、actors within the phrase or sentence. However, derivational affixes are more often based on simple meaning distinctions.In English, inflectional affixes are most suffixes, which are always word finals, but derivational affixes can both be prefixes and suffixes.)解析：解析 本题着重考查词汇学中的曲折词缀和派生词缀的区分。23.They
22、are moving sidewalks.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(They are moving sidewalks.)解析：24.Tom said Marl would go yesterday.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Tom said Marl would go yesterday.This sentence has the following two understandings:)解析：25.the synthetic buffalo hides（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(the synthetic buffalo hidesThis phrase has two different understandings depending on the part of speech of “hides“.)解析：26.the fat mayors wife（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(the fat mayors wife)解析：27.old man and women（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(old man and women)解析：解析 本题旨在考查考生对直接成分分析法应用到句法结构尤其是歧义结构分析中的情况，考生应能够熟练运用树形图和括弧法进行分析。
