1、四川大学考博英语 2010 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, let“s talk about culture
2、. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most c
3、ommon one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting“ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get fr
4、om their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night our can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8“, but “text me around 8 and we“ll see where we all are“. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of
5、 SMS Text Messaging“, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers“ and the “texters“those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone“s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to exp
6、ress a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the
7、changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy“: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker“: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who
8、 can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people“s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn“t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.（分数：5.00）(1).When people plan to meet nowadays, they _.（分数：1.00）A.a
9、rrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till the last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans(2).According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on _.（分数：1.00）A.
10、talkersB.the “speakeasy“C.the “spacemaker“D.texters(3).We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are _.（分数：1.00）A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others(4).According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?（分数：1.0
11、0）A.TalkersB.The “speakeasy“C.The “spacemaker“D.Texters(5).An appropriate title for the passage might be _.（分数：1.00）A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone UseC.Changes in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile Phone三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Humanity uses a little less t
12、han half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world“s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we ar
13、e on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn“t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water
14、 from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means char
15、ging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, s
16、uch as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional,
17、 and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：1.00）A.Only half of the world“s water can be usedB.The world population is increasing faster an
18、d fasterC.Half of the world“s water resources have been seriously pollutedD.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem _.（分数：1.00）A.is already serious in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC.
19、poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels(3).According to the author, the water price should _.（分数：1.00）A.be reduced to the minimumB.stimulate domestic demandC.correspond to its real valueD.take into account the occu
20、rrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _.（分数：1.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct big pumping stationsC.build small and cheap irrigation systemsD.channel water from nearby rivers to cropland(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the wate
21、r supply, measures should be taken to _.（分数：1.00）A.guarantee full protection of the environmentB.centralize the management of water resourcesC.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD.encourage local and regional control of water resources四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In some coun
22、tries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities a
23、nd by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization tha
24、t when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We ha
25、ve still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know
26、 where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our effo
27、rts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed
28、effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Befo
29、re we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other“s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,“ the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is
30、 talk, and we are none the wiser.“ It“s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,“ the barrister replied, “none the w
31、iser, but surely far better informed.“ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom; the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.（分数：5.00）(1).Which can best replace the word “acute“ (Line 1, Para. 1) mean?（分数：1.00）A.Intelligent and quick to notice and understand thingsB.H
32、aving a sharp end or pointC.Very sensitive and well developedD.Serious or severe(2).What does the author intend to convey in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Violence leads to nowhere but making things worseB.Violence is the root of evilsC.Violence is what humankind resents mostD.Violence can be elimi
33、nated sooner or later(3).What does the author think of our energy and strength?（分数：1.00）A.They are wasted and might be well directed and achieve more meaningful resultsB.They are already constructive and well directed and will fulfill a stable societyC.They will work only with coordinated effortsD.T
34、hey will work like magic on the solution of racial prejudice(4).What do truly reasonable men advocate to solve the problem of race prejudice?（分数：1.00）A.Law enforcementB.KnowledgeC.NonviolenceD.Eliminating violence mess(5).According to the author, what“s the prerequisite of peaceful co-existence betw
35、een the races?（分数：1.00）A.Mutual understandingB.Mutually cooperativeC.Learning from each otherD.Bridging the misunderstanding gap between races“ customs五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Web browsers! Interactive software! There“s a lot of new technology talk going on in public relations these days, and it“s
36、coming from a variety of sources, clients, fearful that they are missing out on some mysterious “next wave“, demand some kind of whiz-bang (尖端) demonstration of technology from agencies. Industry publications continuously tout the latest and greatest electronic innovations. College kids enter the ma
37、rketplace armed with computer literacy completely alien to many veteran practitioners. And in some cases, members of the media demand that information be packaged to accommodate their particular technological preferences. Is technology now the tail wagging dog? The answer, unequivocally, is no. Tech
38、nology remains what it has always been, a tool used by professionals to help them do their jobs. All of this millennium talk has produced an unnecessary level of anxiety about the necessity of technological innovationthe idea that you are light-years behind unless you are lightyears ahead. Relax! Th
39、e foundations of good public relations remain the same: anticipating and meeting the needs of clients and the media, and providing informed and useful counsel. Solid research, strong writing skills, creativity, and an appreciation for the values of the media are the backbone of the profession, regar
40、dless of how information is packaged. Even if the speed of information transmission is increasing, high tech isn“t for everyone. All clients don“t need individual web pages and summaries of chat room activity. When considering applications of new technologies, consider the audiences for your client.
41、 Are they comfortable with technology? Do they have access to the distribution systems you are considering? Do they have the skills and knowledge to use these systems? Do they navigate the web, use CD-ROM, or even own a VCR? Consider the image of the company itself. The delivery system is part of th
42、e message and contributes to the overall image, so the practitioner should consider how that system affects the client, the product, and the audiences. Yes, a web page can be a cost-efficient communication tool when you consider the minimal media cost. But once it“s up and running, you“ve got to kee
43、p it fresh, and that means a continual allocation of time and specialized resources. In the hyper-speed model of communications, nothing is older than information that is both outdated and online. And to information consumers, your web page will cease to be a source if it isn“t kept current. In the
44、last presidential election, more than one candidate had problems with their personal web pages because webmasters were not kept up to date on changes in campaign strategy and messages. The gap between what the candidate was saying and what the web page was showing became a story in itself. If you“re
45、 going to have a presence on the Internet, you have to budget for regular maintenance. Otherwise, you are putting a sign up that says “too cheap to be relevant“.（分数：5.00）(1).The recent enthusiasm for new technology is partly brought on byn _.（分数：1.00）A.electronic innovationsB.the development of new
46、interactive softwareC.consumers fear of being left behind the tideD.the popularization of the Web(2).What does the writer think of the recent new technology talk going on in public relations?（分数：1.00）A.It indicates a sudden realization of an oncoming radical change in public relationsB.It reminds us
47、 of the fact that technology remains what it has always beenC.It is superficial and does not mean that we are ushering in a new ageD.It is a sure sign that we are missing out on some mysterious “next wave“(3).The “tail wagging dog“ (Para. 2) most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.the overwhelmingly predom
48、inant thingB.the dog that tucks its tail between its legsC.the thing to be tamed urgentlyD.the problem to be tackled at once(4).According to the author, the role of new technology in public relations _.（分数：1.00）A.can“t be too emphasized in today“s worldB.is unnecessarily exaggeratedC.is not fully re
49、cognized yetD.is more important to the company than to the client(5).It is implied in the last paragraph that a web page _.（分数：1.00）A.can usually provide the viewers with the latest informationB.is not a good idea unless its information is updated constantlyC.may take more money to be set up and kept running than imaginedD.can find extensive applications in presidential elections六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the priv
