1、同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语-翻译(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B英译汉/B(总题数：20，分数：100.00)1.On some occasions it is important to adhere to the conventions that characterize serious public discourse and to avoid expressions that we might use in more casual situations. Among the features of formal English are the care
2、ful explanation of background information, complexity in sentence structure, explicit transitions between thoughts, and the use of certain words that are reserved chiefly for creating a formal tone. Situations that normally require formal usage would include an article discussing a serious matter su
3、bmitted to a respected journal, an official report by a group of researchers to a government body, a talk presented to a professional organization, and a letter of job application.（分数：5.00）_2.The Microsofts rise to prominence set off an explosion in demand for all things digital and sparked the Inte
4、rnet boom, because every investor looked at the Internet and concluded that if everything was going to be digitizeddata, inventories, commerce, books and entertainmentand transported and sold on the Internet, the demand for Internet-based products and services would be infinite. This led to the dot-
5、corn stock bubble and a massive overinvestment in the fiber-optic cable needed to carry all the new digital information. As a result, some companies became bankrupt and some were struggling to stay in business. Keep in mind that cyberspace promises both opportunities and high risks.（分数：5.00）_3.The a
6、gricultural sciences deal with the challenges of food and fiber production and processing. They include the technologies of soil cultivation, crop cultivation and harvesting, animal husbandry, and the processing of plant and animal products for human consumption and use. As a result of the doubled y
7、ields of some economic crops, the farm output per hour of farm work increased almost 10-fold as capital was substituted for labor. New techniques of preserving food products made possible transportation over greater distances, in turn facilitating adjustments among locations of production and consum
8、ption, with further benefits to production efficiency.（分数：5.00）_4.To the average person knowledge itself is of importance because of its bearing upon what he needs to do and to make. It helps him in clarifying his wants, in constructing his ends and in finding means for realizing them. There exist,
9、in other words, values as well as known facts and principles, and philosophy is concerned primarily with values-with the ends for the sake of which man acts. Given the most extensive and accurate system of knowledge, man is still eonfionted with the question of what he is going to do about it and wh
10、at he is going to do with the knowledge in his possession.（分数：5.00）_5.The miracle silicon chip represents a development in the technology of mankind that over the past few years has acquired the force and significance associated with the development of hand tools or the discovery of the steam engine
11、. Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of tedious work from the human brain and thereby expanding the minds capacities in ways that man has only begun to gra
12、sp. With the chip, remarkable achievements of memory and execution become possible in everything from farms to banks to corporate offices.（分数：5.00）_6.In the tradition of the company, this dictionary provides especially good coverage and treatment of Americanismthat is, words and idioms that have ori
13、ginated in this country. In general, the vocabulary treatment is first-rate. The definitions tend to be up-to-date, clearly and precisely written, sufficiently detailed and admirably current. The fullness of the content is without parallel among college dictionaries. Readers will be struck by the en
14、tirely new presentation of the English language as it is written and spoken today. This is a masterpiece of precise defining with the advantage of quotations from well-known writers to demonstrate word usage and to make the book more authoritative.（分数：5.00）_7.Biological diversity, or biodiversity, m
15、eans the variety of life on earth and includes the entire web of living organisms ranging from soil microbes, frogs, and trees to bears and blue whales. From the perspective of sustainable use, wildlife is a renewable resource that provides many benefits and socioeconomic advantages. Sustainable use
16、 is defined as “ the use of components of biodiversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to long term decline“ but maintains the “potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. “ ?（分数：5.00）_8.Fundamental Science has provided us with an increasingly detailed an
17、d accurate understanding of Nature and the world around us. Progress in Science is based on the pre-conditions that: Everything, including existing knowledge, is open to critical, unprejudiced inquiry. Science is often built on the destruction of existing patterns and is a continuously evolving proc
18、ess. Our minds, reason, and our powers of observation are the tools we use to advance knowledge. There are no mysteries that will resist scientific investigation. Science is the property of mankind and not of any one nation or people and is our most precious human asset.（分数：5.00）_9.Globalization is
19、a fact of life. But we have underestimated its fragility. The problem is this. The spread of markets grows faster than the ability of societies and their political systems to adjust to them, let alone to guide the course they take. History teaches us that such an imbalance between the economic, soci
20、al and political realms can never be sustained for very long. The industrialized countries learned that lesson in their bitter and costly encounter with the Great Depression. In order to restore social harmony and political stability they adopted social safety nets and other measures. That made poss
21、ible successive moves towards liberalization, which brought about the long post-war period of expansion.（分数：5.00）_10.Our challenge today is to work out a similar compact on the global scale, to strengthen the new global economy. If we succeed in that, we would lay the foundation for an age of global
22、 prosperity, comparable to that enjoyed by the industrialized countries in the decades after the Second World War. Specifically, I call on youindividually through your firms, and collectively through your business associationsto accept, support and pass a set of core value in the areas of human righ
23、ts, labor standards, and environmental practices.（分数：5.00）_11.No one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries
24、 of the universe. One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. When something changes, you know tim
25、e has passed.（分数：5.00）_12.Keep in mind this important point in reference to your vocabulary improvement program. If you can personalize your new words, if you can make them bear some relationship to yourself and your way of living, you then materially increase your chances of making these words a pe
26、rmanent part of your vocabulary. You cannot learn words in a vacuum. That is, if a word cannot be made to have a bearing on your life, if it cannot be brought within the circle of your own thoughts, if it cannot be made a part of your own personality or of your attitudes, then that word will remain
27、useless to you.（分数：5.00）_13.Never has there been a language quite like English. A bold statement, yet nevertheless true. Consider a few statistics. Today, one out of every seven people in the world use English in some way. More than half the worlds books are written in English; the majority of inter
28、national telephone calls are made in English; 60% of the worlds radio programs are broadcast in English. English is even the working language of international air travel. For the first time in history, a single language has become dominant across a wide range of human activity, ranging from music, f
29、ilm and fine arts to the fields of business, diplomacy, science and technology.（分数：5.00）_14.Between persons of equal income there is no social distinction except the distinction of merit. There in the world would be great people and ordinary people and little people, but the great would always be th
30、ose who had done great things, and never the fools whose mothers had spoiled them and whose fathers had left them a hundred thousand a year, and the little would be persons of small minds and mean characters, and not poor persons who had never had a chance. That is why fools are always in favor of i
31、nequality of income (their only chance of eminence), and the really great in favor of equality.（分数：5.00）_15.Now many countries find themselves still struggling with problems that are as old as man himself. Basic social problems such as poor or nonexistent health care, and nutrient-deficient diets co
32、ntinue to annoy developing countries, contributing to low life expectancy rates and hampering economic development. While it may be true that some countries have found answers to these basic problems of humanity, this does not mean that their societies are problem-free. Indeed, in the solving of age
33、-old problems more economically, advanced societies have found themselves facing new social problems, problems that are a direct outgrowth of their economic advancement. One such problem is that of aging.（分数：5.00）_16.There are poor teachers, to be sure, and Im convinced the teaching profession in th
34、is country must police itself more vigorously. Ive thought sometimes that an incompetent teacher is worse than an incompetent surgeon, since a surgeon can cut up only one person at a time. However, it is also true that no profession is made healthy by focusing only on whats bad, and we must begin to
35、 see teachers as part of the solution, not the problem. Perhaps we can learn something from Japanese here. Teachers in that country, are heroes of the culture. If we do so, we may come closer to identifying the reason for the differences in school performance in our two countries.（分数：5.00）_17.Good m
36、anners represent our values concerning social style. Manners signal our respect for other people and are essential in gaining the acceptance of others. Two-year-old children playing on a slide will stand in line, respecting each others turn. If an aggressive child crowds in, the “line“ will decide a
37、s a group whether to allow it or to shove him out. By the age of 2, a child is already expected by his game-mates to respect the rules of the game. And rules, like manners, define the behavior that others expect from us. A child who is either too aggressive or too retiring to follow the rules is lab
38、eled an undesirable by the other children.（分数：5.00）_18.We all know talented people who never seem to reach their potential. These people often have great early success, then seem to fade into averages. Those who lack persistence start out with the best intentions, but they eventually drift. This tra
39、it is quite characteristic, for example, of people who are constantly changing careers. They become enthusiastic about their new job and feed off this momentum for a while to perform well. But when this newness wears off and they realize they arent incredibly committed to sticking with that job in t
40、he long term, their success begins to wane and they start to fail.（分数：5.00）_19.Happiness, like a deer in the forest, dislikes undue attention and if you chase it, it will run away. 2. In addition, each camp is composed of many groups pursuing their own narrowly perceived self-interest, without any o
41、verall vision. 3. In less than a millionth of a second the vast computer of an international airline can simultaneously accept 800 booking inquiries, and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies. 4. It would be interesting to know whether the cat adopted the human race or the human
42、 race domesticated the Cat. 5Many of the conditions that result from population pressuresovercrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illnesslead to dissatisfaction.（分数：5.00）_20.The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in accordance with a program agreed with the D
43、epartment of the Environment. 2A doctors obligation when he can no longer hold back the approach of death is to make the patient comfortable, including easing his pain. 3I cannot honestly see that a system which would require US to compromise the morning after the election is really SO morally infer
44、ior to a system which has already obliged US to compromise our policies two years before polling day. 4That country will continue to make new nerve gas weapons after the conclusion of a global treaty banning them takes effect, according to a secret administration policy review. 5One lesson he learned was that the key to survival in emergency was making the best use of wha
