1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-阅读理解(二)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、专项练习(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Anthropology is a science dealing with man and his origins. I redefine anthropology here as “being interested, without judgment, in the way other people choose to live and behave,“ in order to turn it in
2、to a strategy which is geared toward developing your compassion as well as a way of becoming more patient. When someone acts in a way that seems strange to you, rather than reacting in your usual way, such as, “I can“t believe they would do that.“ Instead, say something to yourself like “I see, that
3、 must be the way she sees things in her world. Very interesting.“ In order for this strategy to help you, you have to be genuine. There“s a line between being “interested“ and being arrogant, as if secretly you believe that your way is better. Recently I was at a local shopping mall with my six-year
4、 old daughter. A group of punks walked by with orange spiked(成锥形的) hair and tattoos(文身) covering much of their bodies. My daughter immediately asked me, “Daddy, why are they dressed up like that? Are they in costumes?“ Years ago I would have felt very judgmental and frustrated about these young peop
5、leas if their way was wrong and my more conservative way was right. I would have blurted out some judgmental explanations to my daughter and passed along to her my judgmental views. Pretending to be an anthropologist, however, has changed my perspective a great deal; it“s made me softer. I said to m
6、y daughter, “I“m not really sure, but it“s interesting how different we all are, isn“t it?“ She said, “Yeah, but I like my own hair.“ Rather than focusing on the behavior and continuing to give it energy, we both dropped it and continued to enjoy our time together. When you are interested in other p
7、erspectives, it doesn“t imply, even slightly, that you“re advocating it. I certainly wouldn“t choose a punk rock lifestyle or suggest it to anyone else. At the same time, however, it“s really not my place to judge it either. One of the basic rules of joyful living is that judging others takes a grea
8、t deal of energy and, without exception, pulls you away from where you want to be.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the author, to be an anthropologist means we should _.（分数：1.00）A.take interest in what we are doingB.not take interest in what other people are doingC.judge other people“s behaviors with accep
9、ted standardsD.not judge other people“s behaviors with our own standards(2).In what way is being arrogant different from being interested?（分数：1.00）A.Being arrogant means you refuse to change your mind.B.Being arrogant means you only care about your own affairs.C.Being arrogant means you believe noth
10、ing is worth your attention.D.Being arrogant means you think your way is superior to that of others.(3).The author“s daughter probably considered the hair style of those punks _.（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.strangeC.prettyD.impressive(4).After having seen the punks, the author and his daughter _.（分数：1.00
11、）A.had a heated discussionB.exchanged views on what was rightC.did not talk much about themD.could not think of anything to say(5).To have a genuine interest in other perspectives implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.you are more likely to accept differencesB.you can give your judgment on the issueC.you are su
12、pportive of others“ lifestyleD.you will encourage others to take the lead(6).Which of the following word can best describe anthropology?（分数：1.00）A.Passionate.B.Realistic.C.Tolerant.D.Creative.三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)New Year“s Eve requires the ultimate party outfit. But what if your holiday spen
13、ding has burned holes in your pockets? The answer might be to rent a little luxury. The renting business has begun to lose the image of an industry filled with designer tuxedos, Halloween costumes or out-of-date evening wear. Still largely an industry dedicated to special-event clothing (dinners, co
14、rporate parties, weddings), it has started to branch out into more casual clothing. And for those not afraid to shop around, it has become an option for dressing up on a budget . For the price of rentals (150, or $260, for a four-day period) , the only things available in most department stores are
15、dresses that look as if they are late for the party.“ Working women have sophisticated tastes, but buying an evening dress is a very expensive proposition, and most people don“t want to wear the same dress more than once,“ says Doniger. But what has brought on this recent change in perception on ren
16、ting luxury? Unexpectedly, the transformation has been helped along by a change in corporate policy by many top businesses. For years businessmen all over the world have gotten a clothing allowance from their companies to rent a tuxedo or other luxury items they need for an event. But while any comp
17、any looking at the bottom line is not going to pay for a female employee to buy a new evening dress, they are now more willing to help pay for renting one. “In the last five years a lot of businesses have started to pay for some if not all of a rental. They will pay, say, 80 or 90 of the cost and le
18、t the women top off the rest themselves,“ says Doniger. But renting luxury fashion is not limited to clothing. Having the latest must-have designer handbag is the fastest way for a woman to communicate her fashion savvy and display her luxury status. The rental stores can give the everyday woman a c
19、hance to wear the latest designer bag and feel like a million bucks without having to spend it.（分数：6.00）(1).The renting business _.（分数：1.00）A.offers more choices than it used to doB.has shifted its focus to casual clothingC.performs a similar function as in the pastD.is still considered an old-fashi
20、oned industry(2).In paragraph 3 “ dressing up on a budget“ probably means “to _ “.（分数：1.00）A.dress formally when there is enough moneyB.dress well with the limited available moneyC.try to save money to enjoy expensive clothesD.set aside certain amount of money for fancy dresses(3).Which of the follo
21、wing is NOT the reason for working women to rent dresses?（分数：1.00）A.They like what is provided by the rental companies.B.They need to change dress for every different occasion.C.They cannot afford buying many new dresses.D.They have no time for shopping in the department stores.(4).Renting luxury fo
22、r employees _.（分数：1.00）A.is encouraged by many companiesB.is harmful for the company imageC.is going to cost the companies moreD.is made possible by companies“ increasing budget(5).The author“s attitude toward the renting business can be summarized as _.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.ambiguousC.supportiveD.su
23、spicious(6).The best title for the passage could be _.（分数：1.00）A.Renting Luxury Or NotB.The Rise of Renting LuxuryC.Who Is Renting LuxuryD.Tips for Renting Luxury四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Ten years ago, when environmental lawyer Kassie Siegel went in search of an animal to save the world, the po
24、lar bear wasn“t at all an obvious choice. Siegel and Brendan Cummings of the Center for Biological Diversity in Joshua Tree, Calif. , were looking for a species whose habitat was disappearing due to climate change, which could serve as a symbol of the dangers of global warming. Her first candidate m
25、et the scientific criteriait lived in ice caves in Alaska“s Glacier Bay, which were melting awaybut unfortunately it was a spider. You can“t sell a lot of T shirts with pictures of an animal most people would happily step on. Next, Siegel turned to the Kittlitz“s murrelet, a small Arctic seabird who
26、se nesting sites in glaciers were disappearing. In 2001, she petitioned the Department of the Interior to add it to the Endangered Species list, but Interior Secretary Gale Norton turned her down. Elkhorn and staghorn coral, which are threatened by rising water temperatures in the Caribbean, did mak
27、e it onto the list, but as iconic species they fell short insofar as many people don“t realize they“re alive in the first place. The polar bear, by contrast, is vehemently alive and carries the undeniable charisma of a top predator. And its dependence on ice was intuitively obvious; it lives on it m
28、ost of the year. But it took until 2004 for researchers to demonstrate that shrinking sea ice was a serious threat to the bears“ population. On Feb. 16, 2005the day the Kyoto Protocol to curb greenhouse-gas emissions took effect, without the participation of the United StatesSiegel petitioned to lis
29、t polar bears as endangered. Three years later her efforts met with equivocal (不明确的) success, as Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne designated the bears as “threatened“ (not endangered), a significant concession from an administration that has stood almost alone in the world in its reluctance to ack
30、nowledge the dangers of climate change. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) , whose odd lists of snails and bladderworts sometimes seemed stuck in the age of Darwin, had been thrust into the mainstream of 21st-century environmental politics. Break out the T shirts!（分数：6.00）(1).Siegel and Cummings hoped
31、 to choose an animal to _.（分数：1.00）A.call on people to take actions against global warmingB.make people aware of the danger of environmental damageC.introduce to people a new concept of environmental protectionD.remind people of the importance of protecting endangered species(2).The problem with Elk
32、horn and staghorn corals lies in that _.（分数：1.00）A.they were not much-liked by many peopleB.they were not well-known enough to be an iconC.they were not considered animals by many peopleD.they were not added to the list of Endangered Species(3).It can be learned that the polar bear _.（分数：1.00）A.was
33、first considered by Siegel to be the iconic animal in 1998B.was first proposed by Siegel to be the endangered species in 2004C.was not qualified scientifically as the endangered species until 2005D.was not officially under the government protection until 2008(4).Which of the following is chosen by S
34、iegel as the symbolic animal?（分数：1.00）A.The murrelet nesting in glaciers.B.The polar bear in the North Pole.C.The spider in Alaska“s Glacier Bay.D.Staghorn corals in the Caribbean.(5).Which of the following can best describe the author“s attitude toward the U.S. position on global warming?（分数：1.00）A
35、.Indifferent.B.Understandable.C.Appreciative.D.Critical.(6).The passage is focused on _.（分数：1.00）A.how the scientists tried to protect endangered speciesB.how the symbolic endangered species has been chosenC.the relation between global warming and endangered speciesD.the problems in and the future o
36、f endangered species protection五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Just a few years ago, a graduate from Brown University medical school had just an inkling about how to care for the elderly. Now, Brown and other U. S. medical schools are plugging geriatric (老年) courses into their curricula. The U.S. Censu
37、s Bureau projects the number of elderly Americans will nearly double to 71 million by 2030. The first members of the Baby Boomer generation, so named for the explosion in births in the years after World War Two, turn 65 in three years. In addition, people are living longer than ever. “The first ripp
38、les of the silver tsunami are lapping at the shores of our country, but there is not a coordinated or strategic response taking place in America,“ said Richard Besdine, who is direetor of the geriatrics division at Brown University medical school in Providence. Geriatries has never been a field of c
39、hoice for young doctors. Elderly care doctors are paid less than most other physicians and surgeons and the aged can be hard to treat. They have complicated medical histories and their ailments, even such routine illnesses as pneumonia (肺炎), can be more difficult to diagnose because they may be mask
40、ed by other conditions. Also, drugs can affect them differently than middle-aged adults.“ It“s a hard job; it“s not paid very well; it“s complicated; and there“s very little status within the hierarchy of medical specialties to being a geriatric physician,“ said Gavin Hougham, senior program officer
41、 and manager of medicine programs at the John A. Hartford Foundation. Out of 800 000 doctors in the United States, roughly 7 000 are geriatricians, Hougham said. The country needs another 13 000 to adequately care for today“s older population, according to the American Geriatrics Society. The shortf
42、all could reach 36 000 by 2030. To help counter that, private groups are bankrolling medical schools“ emphasis on aging. The Hartford Foundation has given more than $40 million to 27 schools to train faculty in elderly care, and the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation has given more than $100 million to 3
43、0 schools to include more geriatrics content. “If they don“t learn it, they still have to deal with it,“ Hougham said. “It“s not that not learning geriatrics will cause these older people to go away. They“re coming whether we“re ready or not. “（分数：6.00）(1).What does the word “inkling“ mean in paragr
44、aph 1?（分数：1.00）A.Inadequate training.B.Profound knowledge.C.Extensive education.D.Slight understanding.(2).What does Richard Besdine mean in paragraph 3?（分数：1.00）A.The large amount of the elderly has created a big problem in America.B.The number of the elderly has been growing beyond the capacity of
45、 America.C.America is not ready to cope with the growing number of the elderly.D.America is not the ideal place for the elderly to spend the rest of their lives.(3).The main point of paragraph 4 is _.（分数：1.00）A.why geriatric physicians are paid less than other physiciansB.why doctors show little int
46、erest in being geriatric physiciansC.what are the major problems with the elderly care industryD.what can be done to ensure the healthy development of elderly care(4).It can be learned from the passage that in the U. S. , _.（分数：1.00）A.there is a shortage of geriatric physiciansB.more training is nee
47、ded for geriatric physiciansC.demand for geriatric physicians varies across statesD.care for the elderly will depend more on geriatric physicians(5).The fact that private groups have provided money to medical schools _.（分数：1.00）A.highlights the inadequacy of government supportB.emphasizes the import
48、ance of more professional trainingC.demonstrates the increasing impact of private moneyD.indicates the growing awareness of the related problem(6).According to Hougham, the challenge posed by the elderly is _.（分数：1.00）A.temporaryB.universalC.unavoidableD.controllable六、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In t
49、he 1970s many of us thought working outside the home would be liberating for women, freeing them from financial dependence on men and allowing them roles beyond those of wife and mother. It hasn“t worked out that way . Women“s labor has been bought on the cheap, their working hours have become longer and their family commitments have barely diminished. The reality for most working women is a near impossible feat of working ever harder. There have been new opportunities for some women: professions once
