1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-95 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Oral Communic(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Dialogue One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A. Maybe today is my lucky day. B. It will be so cool to win it. C. We can be the lucky winner. A: Hey, did you hear that? The lottery is up to 1 million Yuan this t
2、ime. 1 . B: Come on. Don“t be silly. You are really daydreaming. A: I know the chances of winning the lottery are remote. But 2 . B: But you know many people buy the tickets every week and still haven“t won a cent. Don“t waste your money. A: I still would like to try my fortune and buy a lottery tic
3、ket. 3 .（分数：3.00）四、Dialogue Two(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A. You should hang on to the shares B. They took a hit last week. C. It“s nothing too serious. A: Have you made money from your stock recently? B: My stocks are losing a little bit, but 1 . How about you? A: It really sucks! I was bullish on the financia
4、l stocks. So I put all money on them, but 2 . B: Take it easy. The index will surely rebound above 5,000 points. 3 until their prices are higher. A: Yeah. I really wish the market can jump immediately thus to earn all back.（分数：3.00）五、Section B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A. I shouldn“t depend on only one way of i
5、nvestment. B. I will consider what you have told me carefully. C. It is a package of different investments. D. You can go to a financial adviser. A: Bob, I don“t want to have my money just sitting in the bank. If not real estate right now, what do you suggest? B: I think you“d better get some profes
6、sional advice. I mean 1 . They“d be able to put together a sensible portfolio for you. A: Portfolio? What exactly is that? B: 2 , such as stocks, bonds, gold, foreign currencies. A: I see. So what“s the advantage? B: Well, as I said earlier, it helps put your money into different investments, which
7、will lower the risks involved. A: So you mean 3 ? B: Yeah, definitely. A: Thanks. Money management is not easy. 4 .（分数：4.00）六、Part Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite _ qualified sources of information and examples.（分数：1.00）A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distorte
8、dD.conveyed2.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is _ of one“s intelligence in the field of physics.（分数：1.00）A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm3.In court he repeated his _ that he was not guilty in front of the jury.（分数：1.00）A.impressionsB.alliterationsC.clausesD.assertions4.Shop
9、ping malls have some advantages in suffering from shorter periods of _ business.（分数：1.00）A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant5.According to the Geneva _ no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.（分数：1.00）A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines6.Before the general election many senior citizens
10、signed the _ against the spreading of nuclear arms.（分数：1.00）A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential7.Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon“s atmosphere to _ plant life.（分数：1.00）A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD.describe8.I can“t remember exactly what triggered the explosi
11、on but it was pretty _.（分数：1.00）A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring9.The industry has pumped _ amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional10.I was
12、entrusted to _ to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.（分数：1.00）A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons, the proportion in which differ
13、ent sorts of goods and services are provided will be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes and improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is i
14、nexact to speak of a change in the distribution of the dividend in favor of, or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and distributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point
15、 of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution. This, however, is a point of words rather than of substance. What I mean when I say that the distribution of the dividend has changed in favor of the poor is that, the general productive power o
16、f the community being given, poor people are getting more of the things they want at the expense of rich people getting less of the things they want. It might be thought at first sight that the only way in which this could happen would be through a transference of purchasing power from the rich to t
17、he poor. That, however, is not so. It is possible for the poor to be advantaged and the rich damaged, even though the quantity of purchasing power, i. e. of command over productive resources, held by both groups remains unaltered. This might happen if the technical methods of producing something pre
18、dominatingly consumed by the poor were improved and at the same time those of producing something predominatingly consumed by the rich were worsened, and if the net result was to leave the size of the national dividend as defined in Chapter V. unchanged. It might also happen if, by a system of ratio
19、ning or some other device, the rich were forced to transfer their demand away from things which are important to the poor and which are produced under such conditions that diminished demand leads to lowered prices. Per contraand this point will be seen in Part . To be very important practicallythe s
20、hare, both proportionate and absolute of command over the country“s productive resources held by the poor may be increased, and yet, if the process by which they acquire this greater share involves an increase in the cost of things that play a large part in their own consumption, they may not really
21、 gain. Thus a change in distribution favorable to the poor may be brought about otherwise than by a transference of purchasing power, or command over productive resources, to them, and it does not mean a transference of these things to them. None the less, this sort of transference is the most impor
22、tant, and may be regarded as the typical, means by which changes in distribution favorable to the poor come about.（分数：3.00）(1).The method in which the writer believes is most effective for the poor benefiting from the rich is _.（分数：1.00）A.amassing all products from the last two years and reallocatin
23、g themB.ensuring the majority of products available are more useful to the poorC.offering low priced stock that the poor could affordD.by limiting the buying of the rich(2).Why does the author use the term “the dividend“ even though he has acknowledged that in fact it does not exist?（分数：1.00）A.He is
24、 attempting to describe a transmittal circumstance.B.He is articulating a metaphysical theory.C.He is clarifying a situation.D.He is devising an econometric formula.(3).Does the author believe that transference of purchasing power is effective in benefiting the poor?（分数：1.00）A.No, he believes evenly
25、 distributing all resources is best.B.No, he believes rationing of the rich is eminent.C.Yes, he believes it is possible to limit the rich and make products for the poor more accessible.D.Yes, distribution is influenced by transference and as a result the poor prosper.十、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Ref
26、orming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medicare, Medicaid, and the income tax, elected officia
27、ls are still unwilling to confront the serious problems of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those reforms are good or bad, whether they deal with the basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the so
28、lvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives. Major policy changes that affect the public at large can only happen in our democracy, when there is widespread public sup
29、port for the new direction of policy. In the field of economics, the views of the media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their perception of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundamental policy reforms in a complex area
30、like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the options for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of economists is now thinking and writing about social security reform. My remarks today greatly benefi
31、t from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them. I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central concept in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of “Social Security wealth“ which I defin
32、ed as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the present actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they will pay before reaching that age. Social
33、 Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50,000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth substantially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of American households. In the aggregate, So
34、cial Security wealth exceeds three-fourth of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured. Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpayers. Instead of labeling this key magnitude “Social Security wealth“, I could have called it the nat
35、ion“s “Social Security liability“. Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation, and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as long as our current system remains unchanged, displacing an ever larger stock of capital. The $11 tril
36、lion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficits, it is worth noting that, even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 2002, so that the national debt is the
37、n no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion. Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Security liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes relatively older, and as income ri
38、ses. Government actuaries predict that, under existing law, the tax rate required to pay each year“s Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12 percent to more than 18 percent, and perhaps to as much as 23 percent.（分数：5.00）(1).The deterio
39、ration financial condition referred to was caused by _.（分数：1.00）A.a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement programB.the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement programC.major policy changes in the Social Security retirement programD.government debt in the Social Securit
40、y retirement program(2).In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “alternatives“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.coursesB.thoughtsC.peopleD.occasions(3).According to the author, major policy changes can only happen in _.（分数：1.00）A.social security wealth in the United StatesB.democratic countriesC
41、.a country where and when opinion upholds changeD.all of the above(4).In paragraph three, the name and the dates between parentheses _.（分数：1.00）A.are a question of personal styleB.represent vital new informationC.identify the authorD.refer to a different author(5).The definition of Social Security w
42、ealth _.（分数：1.00）A.applies to the benefits payable before age 65B.does not apply to benefits after age 65C.includes the present actuarial value paid before age 65D.was formulated two and a half decade ago十一、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Sofia Coppola“s “Lost in Translation“ is a funny, bittersweet mov
43、ie that uses cultural dislocation as a metaphor for people who have gotten lost in their own lives. The movie contains priceless slapstick from Bill Murray, finely tuned performances by Murray and the beautiful Scarlett Johansson and a visual and aural design that cultivates a romantic though melanc
44、holy mood. In only her second feature, Coppola has made a poised, intelligent film that nicely balances laughs with a poignancy rarely seen in American movies. If Focus Features markets “Lost in Translation“ carefully, this most original comedy could win audiences well beyond art houses. Bob Harris
45、(Murray) is a grumpy movie star in town to shoot a whiskey commercial. He is not only plagued by jet lag and gloom over a deteriorating marriage of many years, he is also in the midst of a midlife crisis that dampens his spirits but not his wit. Charlotte (Johansson), the neglected wife of a photogr
46、apher, experiences a similar air-conditioned nightmare. Married two years, she already feels lost in the relationship, unable to participate in her husband“s career or pinpoint what she wants out of life. When she ventures into the city, she is confronted by a distorted version of western modernity.
47、 These two people discover each other late at night at the bar. Neither one can sleep. A friendship evolves in their mutual isolation. Coppola sees in Tokyo“s crowded, neon-lit urban landscape a society estranged from its own culture. The night is filled with pleasure-seekers obsessed by games, toys
48、 and American pop culture. Only when Charlotte takes a train to Kyoto is she able to experience the old Japan of ancient temples and gardens, tea houses and kimono-clad figures. This role fits Murray like his own skin. A middle-aged burnout who sees no challenges on his horizon gradually changes int
49、o a man revitalized by another alienated soul. His comic touch enriches the character with a self-deprecating wit and in a few sequences, a rubbery physicality that earns sustained laughs. Johansson makes Charlotte“s loneliness and disillusionment palpable as the woman is cut off from life in ways she never imagined. Using high-speed film stock, cinematographer Lance Acord gives the glaring neon and numbingly sleek interiors a kind of romantic sheen. The score produced by Brian Reitzell created out of Japa
