1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPaper One/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.A: When do you think prices will come down? B: _.（分数：1.00）A.There are always sales after the holidays.B.Shell get tired and come down.C.I never think about the weather.D.The prices have been too high.2.A: You sound like you h
2、ave a cold. B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Its just the radio sound.B.Yes, Im sick.C.Ill wear your coat.D.Its a very cold winter.3.A: Look at this pink watch. It looks great, doesnt it? And its only $ 20. B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Its only twenty dollars. God knows it.B.I dont want to look at it. After all, its a watch.C.Th
3、e price is good. But I want to buy a more expensive watch.D.How is it possible that a watch only cost us $20?4.A: Why were only three of you present at the meeting? B: _.（分数：1.00）A.The president was very thankful.B.I thought their presence was sufficient.C.The others were out of town.D.Im glad to pr
4、esent myself at the meeting.5.A: I dont know why we listen to George? B: _.（分数：1.00）A.I dont know exactly why, either.B.I guess we are wrong this time.C.I know. But perhaps you dont know why.D.George, you know, is one of the hardest working students among us.二、BSection B/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)6.Man: I thi
5、nk Ill have the curtains changed! Woman: They are a bit worn. Question: What does the woman mean?（分数：1.00）A.She thinks every bit of change is important.B.She wants to wear them.C.She thinks theyve been worn enough.D.She thinks theyre in bad condition.7.Woman: Wasnt the anthropology lecture fascinati
6、ng? Man: Fascinating? It was too long and drawn out for me. Question: How did the man feel about the lecture?（分数：1.00）A.He thought it was fascinating.B.He agreed with the woman.C.He thought it should have been longer.D.He thought it was boring.8.Woman: Do you want the windows open or closed? Man: I
7、almost always prefer fresh air, if possible. Question: What does the man imply?（分数：1.00）A.Hed like to have the windows open.B.He rarely leaves the windows open.C.He thinks the air is polluted.D.Hell help her close the windows.9.Man: Would you like to go to the movies with Anne and me on Friday? Woma
8、n: I wish I could, but Im having dinner at my brothers. Question: What will the woman do on Friday?（分数：1.00）A.Go to the movies with the man.B.Take her brother to the movies.C.Eat at her brothers.D.Cook dinner with Anne.10.Man: Hello. This is Mark Smith. Im calling to see if my blood test results are
9、 in. Woman: Dr. Miller just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest they could be back tomorrow. Question: What does the woman mean?（分数：1.00）A.The results might be ready tomorrow.B.The man needs another test tomorrow.C.The results were called in last night.D.The doctor called the lab last n
10、ight.三、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.A compound break is more serious than a simple one because there is more opportunity for loss of blood and infection.（分数：0.50）A.bruiseB.sprainC.burnD.fracture12.“Employees have the responsibility to say heres what I want, heres what I need, heres what would ma
11、ke me stay.“ Says author and consultant Beverly Kaye.（分数：0.50）A.helperB.adviserC.assistantD.supervisor13.Meanwhile, I always kept in touch with my former professor at college, by letter and telephone.（分数：0.50）A.kept pace withB.kept in contact withC.had an idea ofD.exchanged letters with14.Hypnotized
12、 individuals can be induced to act bizarrely.（分数：0.50）A.in harmful waysB.against their willsC.oddlyD.emotionally15.Placido Domingo has sung in opera house throughout the United States and abroad.（分数：0.50）A.on the radioB.on recordingC.in private homesD.in other countries16.The peahen is a bit smaller
13、 than the peacock and does not have a long, colorful tail.（分数：0.50）A.oftenB.somewhatC.supposedlyD.appreciably17.Early settlers usually moved their Ubelongings/U west in wagon trains.（分数：0.50）A.relationsB.suppliesC.livestockD.possessions18.When a hurricane is about to occur,the National Weather Burea
14、u issues a warning.（分数：0.50）A.adjacentB.perilousC.giganticD.imminent19.The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdown of sales figures for competitive products.（分数：0.50）A.decrease inB.reordering ofC.itemization ofD.collapse in20.He will abide by his pro
15、mise if he gives it.（分数：0.50）A.allow forB.renege onC.renewD.stick to四、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)21.Both diet and exercise _ blood pressure.（分数：0.50）A.effectB.affectC.afflictD.affirm22.He was charged with being an _ to the crime.（分数：0.50）A.accessoryB.accessC.assessorD.acquaintance23.The Chinese pal
16、ace lanterns are famous for their _.（分数：0.50）A.complexityB.accuracyC.precisionD.delicacy24.The old scientist decided to move to his country home _ his advanced age and poor health.（分数：0.50）A.in the interest ofB.as a result ofC.on account ofD.in support of25.I always have been _ in self-confidence an
17、d decision.（分数：0.50）A.incompleteB.deficientC.defectiveD.infinite26.These newly unearthed cultural relics on the origin of Chinese characters _ the intelligence of our remote ancestors.（分数：0.50）A.manifestB.magnifyC.maintainD.manipulate27.He was acquitted in _ of strong evidence of his guilt.（分数：0.50）
18、A.defenseB.deficitC.defaultD.defect28.The earthquake made the wall sink and start to _.（分数：0.50）A.stumbleB.crumbleC.scrabbleD.tumble29.The _ of the computer changed peoples life greatly.（分数：0.50）A.adventB.adventureC.adviceD.advocate30.He _ himself by cheating and telling lies.（分数：0.50）A.reducedB.dem
19、otedC.deductedD.degraded五、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BPassage One/BBored while waiting at the bus stop, Kate sticks a cigarette in her mouth just as she notices a billboard across the road. The small print reads, “Warning: Smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema(肺气肿)and may complicat
20、e pregnancy.“ Kate stops for a moment. “How many have I had already today?“ she asks herself.But then she lights up. “I dont smoke that much,“ she reasons, to quiet her conscience. “And anyway, I exercise and eat pretty well.“ Every day we wrestle with opposing viewpoints that battle it out in our m
21、indsa tension known as cognitive dissonance. Social psychologist Leon Festinger developed the concept in 1957, from the assumption that human beings fundamentally strive for harmony in their thinking. In the face of contradictory paths, our minds attempt to restore internal peace. We strive for the
22、reconciliation of two conflicting thoughts, even if we must resort to a third to attain it, such as, “Gramps smoked a pack a day, and he lived to be 90.“Since Festingers time, numerous researchers have shown how we attempt to reduce mental tension. To become truly content, it seems, we should favor
23、smart choices over emotional ones, but even then, we may need to fool ourselves into thinking we have made the right decision.Imagine you are looking to buy a used car. Two models stand outa practical little sedan that does not use much gas and a stylish, fuel-guzzling sports car. After a good deal
24、of back and-forth, you decide on the sports car. But as soon as you have driven it off the lot, you get an ill feeling in your stomach. Shouldnt you have purchased the more efficient model?Consumers call this feeling buyers remorse. Psychologists call the tension that occurs after such decision maki
25、ng the regret effect. But cognitive salvation comes quickly. “Dont be an idiot, “you tell yourself. “Youd be too cramped driving in that little thing. And the sports car has side air bags. And a CD player.“ The good features of the chosen car get bumped up in estimation, whereas the bad features of
26、the rejected one get exaggerated. Internal harmony is restored.Researchers are finding more and more examples of cognitive dissonance.In 2003 and 2004 studies by Michael I. Norton, now at Harvard Business School, and Monin of Stanford University unveiled a vicarious form of the phenomenon. In one ex
27、ercise, students who were waiting to participate in an experiment overheard a staged conversation in which an investigator convinced a student to present an opinion during discussion time that would contradict what he believed: he was to speak in favor of tuition increases. Students who heard the co
28、ercion and later were part of the discussion voiced less skepticism about tuition hikes than they had previously. Apparently, the knowledge of their classmates presumed internal conflict caused cognitive tension in them as well. The easiest way to restore equilibrium was to agree with their friends
29、stated position.The potential for artificially inducing such attitudinal change is limited, nonetheless. Social psychologists Fritz Strack and Bertram Gawronski in a 2004 study of social groups found that although we may change our conscious attitudes to justify contradictory behavior, our basic unc
30、onscious thoughts and feelings are not easily remoldedeven clearly impugned social views such as prejudice.（分数：6.00）(1).Why does Kate lit up a cigarette even she notices the billboard?（分数：1.00）A.Such diseases as lung cancer, emphysema, does not affect her.B.She does more exercises and has a better d
31、iet than most of smokers.C.She finds a good excuse to justify her smoking.D.She smokes less than other smokers.(2).Which of the following factors doesnt contribute to cognitive dissonance?（分数：1.00）A.Peace in mind.B.Contradictory thinking.C.Actions away from conscience.D.Battling viewpoints.(3).The a
32、uthor cites the case of buying used cars in order to show _. . buyers remorse is an iii feeling . how to avoid regretting once a decision is made . cognitive salvation can restore internal harmony . how to distinguish between good features and bad features of a chosen car（分数：1.00）A.B.C. in 2003 the
33、NSB expressed concern over the United States dependence on foreign PhDs.Scientists, often older ones, have for years questioned how long they can stay productive. G.H. Hardy set the tone in his 1940 classic, A Mathematicians Apology. “Like any other mathematician who has passed sixty,“ Hardy confess
34、ed, “I have no longer the freshness of mind, the energy, or the patience to carry on effectively with my proper job.“ He continued that “mathematics. is a young mans game.“The age lore of other sciences can be similarly misleading. The Nobel laureate physicist Paul Dirac has suggested, tongue in che
35、ek, that a physicist over 30 was as good as dead, and the physicist-historian Abraham Pals wrote of Einstein after 1925 (when Einstein was 46)that, as far as his work went, he might as well have gone fishing. And yet the sociologist Harriet Zuckerman, in her landmark 1977 book, Scientific Elite ,obs
36、erved that U.S. Nobelists received their prizes for work done when they were, on average, nearly 39. Sir Nevill Mott won a Nobel Prize in physics for his postretirement research.Great biologists seem especially hardy. The German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt successfully surveyed harsh, remote a
37、reas of the Russian Empire for goldfields after turning 60,and began publishing the 19th centurys greatest work of synthesis, Cosmos, at age 76;he had completed 2000 pages by his death at 89,in 1859. More recently, Harvard Universitys Ernst Mayr was still writing papers at 100.Why, then, do certain
38、researchers stagnate while others flourish? Some might be internalizing what Zuckerman called the “mythology“ of aging in science. But another factor is that any education has built-in limits. Even Einstein may have been bumping against them. Scientists over 40 face a choice: continue using the endo
39、wments that have served them well but are challenged by a new generation, or turn to new subjects.（分数：6.00）(1).SEI 2002 shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.in science fields the U.S. face shortage of talentB.average age of the science and engineering workforce in coming decades will be higherC.for old scientifi
40、c workers, aging has impaired their creativityD.the young Americans in research has outnumbered retirees(2).According to the author, the growth of productivity and improvement of living standard cannot be made without _.（分数：1.00）A.the aged scientific workersB.foreign PhDsC.scientific eliteD.yong eng
41、ineering workforce(3).G.H. Hardy in his book A Mathematicians Apology _ .（分数：1.00）A.acknowledged the contributions of older scientistsB.thought that older scientists could still stay productiveC.believed that he was challenged by young scientistsD.confessed that age was a problem for mathematicians
42、including him(4).From Sociologist Harriet Zuckermans book we learn that _.（分数：1.00）A.the age lore worked for physicistB.in certain science Nobel prizes not only belonged to young scientistsC.scientists over 30 were as good as deadD.researchers flourished when they past 60(5).The stories of Sir Nevil
43、l Mott, Humboldt and Ernst Mayr show that _.（分数：1.00）A.old researchers can be NobelistsB.researchers stagnate when they past 60C.old researchers and scientists can made outstanding achievementsD.great scientists are those who are over 60(6).According to the passage, scientists over 40 face a choice
44、_.（分数：1.00）A.to face challenge by young people or to retireB.to continue their research or to work under new subjectC.to exploit their endowment or turn to new subjectD.to accept new challenge from young people or stay unproductiveBPassage Five/BDo you know that all human beings have a “comfortable
45、zone“ regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand close together when they talk, often moving their faces e
46、ven closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This great
47、er space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they ar
48、gue, or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfortable zone“ for talking, they communicate, a great deal with their handsnot on
49、ly with gestures but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection, they readily take someones arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamili
